Bioremediation

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-317
Author(s):  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Nagamani Bora ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Immobilization Techniques

Synthetic dyes are extensively used in several industries and the dyes are great concern for the ecosystem. During the dyeing process, a certain percentage of the used dye is released into the wastewater, causing severe environmental and health hazards. The physiochemical methods are not sustainable due to high-cost, high-energy requirements and hazardous by-products. Among all the alternative technologies to conventional wastewater treatment, bioremediation has emerged as the most desirable approach to clean up the environment and to restore its original status. The ability of microbes in decolorizing the textile effluents is significant. The decolorization can be further enhanced using immobilization techniques. Immobilization increases the stability and reusability of the microorganisms. The microorganisms can be entrapped in calcium alginate beads, that can be used to construct a packed bed reactor in which dye decolorization can be carried out on a large scale. Thus, bioremediation serves as an effective, eco-friendly solution for the pollution caused by textile dye effluents.

scholarly journals Development of a bioreactor system for the remediation of endosulphan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jesitha ◽  
P. S. Harikumar
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Ca Alginate

Abstract A bioreactor system that consisted of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells immobilised in calcium-alginate beads was utilised to remediate endosulphan contaminated water and soil. A packed bed reactor system was designed for the bio-degradation of endosulphan in artificially spiked water samples (initial concentration of endosulphan: 350 µg/L). Reactor studies with cell-immobilised Ca-alginate beads were conducted after checking their efficiency through batch and column degradation studies. The results showed that the concentration of toxic isomers of endosulphan (endosulphan alpha and endosulphan beta) was below the limit in the bioreactor during the 7th day of the experiment. Experiments conducted with contaminated soil samples (initial concentration of endosulphan: 1,000 μg/kg) indicated that the toxic isomers of endosulphan degraded to below the detection limit within 10 days and monitoring of endosulphan residues on the 14th day revealed that almost complete degradation of metabolites of endosulphan had occurred. The bioreactor system designed can be scaled up for remediation of endosulphan in contaminated areas.

Lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus using lignocellulose biomass in large scale packed bed reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Nalini Srivastava ◽  
Bhaskar Sen Gupta ◽  
Ramesh Chander Kuhad ◽  
James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

scholarly journals Stabilitas Reaktor Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket-Hollow Centered Packed Bed dalam Produksi Biogas pada Kondisi Ruangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Surya Dana Sembiring ◽  
Irvan ◽  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Dewi Novita Sari Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

Anaerobic digestation was the docomposition of microbes from organic matter into methane, carbon dioxide, organic nutrients and compost in oxygen depletion and hydrogen gas. This study aimed to obtain the stability of the Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Hollow Centered Packed Bed reactor in biogas production at an ambient state that was seen through pH and alkalinity parameters. The process was carried out by varying hydraulic retention time, ei 45 days, 25 days, 10 days and 6 days with pH maintained 7 (±0,2). Analysis of pH and alkalinity was carried out to assess the stability of the reactor at ambient conditions using samples taken from the reactor overflow. The pH profile produced was relatively stable with a pH range between 5.8 - 7.2. The resulting alkalinity value was relatively stable with a pH range between 2,000-4,000 mg/L. The volume of biogas produced was 470 ml with concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace hydrogen sulfide (H2S) respectively by 88.00%, 11.00% and 0.10%.

Immobilization of pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus in alginate beads and clarification of apple and umbu juices in a packed bed reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lira de Oliveira ◽  
Jônatas Lopes Dias ◽  
Osmar Soares da Silva ◽  
Tatiana Souza Porto
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus

Immobilized Whole Cells as Effective Catalysts for Chiral Alcohol Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeck Fei Ng ◽  
Stephan Jaenicke
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Whole Cells

Recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing the gene LbADH, which encodes for an alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis, was successfully transformed and cultured. The cells are able to catalyze the reduction of pro-chiral ketones, e.g. ethyl acetoacetate into R-(–)ethyl hydroxybutyrate (EHB) with high conversion and enantiomeric excess >99%. Immobilizing the whole cells in alginate beads leads to a catalyst with improved stability and ease of handling while maintaining the high activity of the free cells. The whole-cell catalyst was tested in a stirred batch reactor (CSTR) and in a continuously operated packed-bed reactor. An Mg2+ concentration of 2 mM was crucial for maintaining the activity of the biocatalyst. After a partial optimization of the process conditions, a productivity of 1.4 gEHB gwcw–1 h–1 could be maintained in a continuous flow reactor over a prolonged period of time.

On the stability of a detailed packed-bed reactor

AIChE Journal ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. McGuire ◽  
Leon Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Immobilization of cell wall invertase in polyacrylamide hydrogel for invert sugar production

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1359-1369
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Margetic ◽  
Zoran Vujcic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Polyacrylamide Hydrogel ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
The Stability

Cell wall invertase (CWI) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized in polyacrylamide hydrogels. The aim of the development of a new biocatalyst was to obtain an improved enzyme for invert sugar production. The monomer concentration and enzyme amount in the immobilizate were optimized, and the obtained biocatalyst had an enzyme activity of 138?6 IU g-1. The pH and temperature optima were 4.0 and 70 ?C, respectively. The stability of immobilized enzyme was determined at several temperatures in the absence of substrate and the half-life obtained at 50 ?C was 81 days, at 60 ?C, 128 min and at 70?C, 1.24 min. The biocatalyst was tested at low pH values, 3.0 and 3.5 were tested, and showed great stability. The KM values were 34.1?1.7 and 126.2?6.3 mM for free and immobilized CWI, respectively. The activation energies were 37.7 and 23.0 kJ mol-1 for free and immobilized CWI, respectively. Cell wall invertase immobilized in polyacrylamide hydrogel (CWI?PAA) was tested for the production of high concentrated invert sugar in a batch and a packed bed reactor. After five days of continuous process, the quality and characteristics of the produced invert sugar remained unchanged.

scholarly journals Efficient production of α-keto acids by immobilized E. coli -pETduet-1- Pmi LAAO in a jacketed packed-bed reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 182035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licheng Wu ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
Gaobing Wu ◽  
Pengfu Liu ◽  
Ziduo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Keto Acids

α-keto acids are compounds of primary interest for the fine chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical sectors. l -amino acid oxidases as an efficient tool are used for α-keto acids preparation in this study. Firstly, an l -amino acid oxidase ( Pmi LAAO) from Proteus mirabilis was discovered by data mining . Secondly, by gene expression vector screening, pETDuet-1- Pmi LAAO activity improved by 130%, as compared to the pET20b- Pmi LAAO. Pmi LAAO production was increased to 9.8 U ml −1 by optimized expression condition (OD 600 = 0.65, 0.45 mmol l −1 IPTG, 20 h of induction). Furthermore, The Pmi LAAO was stabile in the pH range of 4.0–9.0 and in the temperature range of 10–40°C; the optimal pH and temperature of recombinant Pmi LAAO were 6.5 and 37°C, respectively. Afterwards, in order to simplify product separation process, E. coli -pETduet-1- Pmi LAAO was immobilized in Ca-alginate beads. Continuous production of 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid was conducted in a packed-bed reactor via immobilized E. coli -pETduet-1- Pmi LAAO. Significantly, 29.66 g l −1 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid with a substrate conversion rate of 99.5% was achieved by correspondingly increasing the residence time (25 h). This method holds the potential to be used for efficiently producing pure α-keto acids.

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