Recent Developments of Epoxy Nanocomposites Used for Aerospace and Automotive Application

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-190
Author(s):  
Sudheer Kumar ◽  
Sukhila Krishnan ◽  
Sushanta Kumar Samal
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Recent Developments

Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive fields due to their higher mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have attracted huge attention both in academics and industry because they demonstrated the tremendous enhancement in material properties compared with a neat polymer or traditional micro and macro composites. Traditional composites generally require a high content (˃10%) of the inorganic fillers to bestow the desired mechanical properties. Higher filler content raises the density of the new product, thereby reducing the properties through fragile interfacial interaction among filler and the organic matrix. Furthermore, enhancing filler content makes processability very complicated. However, nanocomposites exhibit improved thermomechanical properties even with a small amount of nanoparticles (≤5%). The chapter provides information about the application of polymer nanocomposites (i.e., aerospace and automotive industries).

Recent Developments of Epoxy Nanocomposites Used for Aerospace and Automotive Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1295-1318
Author(s):  
Sudheer Kumar ◽  
Sukhila Krishnan ◽  
Sushanta Kumar Samal
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Recent Developments

Epoxy resins are widely utilized engineering thermosetting polymers for industrial applications such as aerospace and automotive fields due to their higher mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance. Recently, polymer nanocomposites have attracted huge attention both in academics and industry because they demonstrated the tremendous enhancement in material properties compared with a neat polymer or traditional micro and macro composites. Traditional composites generally require a high content (˃10%) of the inorganic fillers to bestow the desired mechanical properties. Higher filler content raises the density of the new product, thereby reducing the properties through fragile interfacial interaction among filler and the organic matrix. Furthermore, enhancing filler content makes processability very complicated. However, nanocomposites exhibit improved thermomechanical properties even with a small amount of nanoparticles (≤5%). The chapter provides information about the application of polymer nanocomposites (i.e., aerospace and automotive industries).

scholarly journals A Review on LDH-Smart Functionalization of Anodic Films of Mg Alloys

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Mosab Kaseem ◽  
Karna Ramachandraiah ◽  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Burak Dikici
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Double Hydroxide

This review presents an overview of the recent developments in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the anodized films of Mg alloys prepared by either conventional anodizing or plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and the applications of the formed composite ceramics as smart chloride traps in corrosive environments. In this work, the main fabrication approaches including co-precipitation, in situ hydrothermal, and an anion exchange reaction are outlined. The unique structure of LDH nanocontainers enables them to intercalate several corrosion inhibitors and release them when required under the action of corrosion-relevant triggers. The influences of different variables, such as type of cations, the concentration of salts, pH, and temperature, immersion time during the formation of LDH/anodic film composites, on the electrochemical response are also highlighted. The correlation between the dissolution rate of PEO coating and the growth rate of the LDH film was discussed. The challenges and future development strategies of LDH/anodic films are also highlighted in terms of industrial applications of these materials.

scholarly journals A review on allotropes of carbon and natural filler-reinforced thermomechanical properties of upgraded epoxy hybrid composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-275
Author(s):  
Krushna Gouda ◽  
Sumit Bhowmik ◽  
Biplab Das
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Neat Epoxy ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Nonrenewable Resource ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Natural Filler

Abstract The scarcity of nonrenewable resource motivated inclination towards the environmental-friendly novel materials and development of waste natural filler-based hybrid composite is encouraged to fulfill the material demand. Epoxy resins-based composites are high-performing thermosetting polymers and have outstanding blending properties, good machinability, and low cost. Due to these advantages, thermoset plastic is largely used in a broad range of engineering applications; however, thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy are low. Thus, to enhance the thermomechanical properties of epoxy, it is interfaced materials such as graphite, graphene nanoplatelet, boron, carbon fiber, aluminium, silver, etc. Among various substances, graphene has been deliberated as an acceptable novel filler because of its exceptional properties. In addition to inorganic filler inclusion, natural filler/fiber like hemp, sisal, flax, bamboo, jute, etc. can be utilized in a higher percentage as biodegradable material. The present article assisted to improve thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy. This work identifies and addresses (i) processes used for graphene modification; (ii) treatment utilized for enhancing the binding properties of natural filler; (iii) various natural filler extraction process employed; (iv) neat epoxy modification; and (v) influence of different dimensions of fillers.

PREDICTION OF PEEK RESIN PROPERTIES FOR PROCESSING MODELING USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHATEREH KASHMARI ◽  
PRATHAMESH DESHPANDE ◽  
SAGAR PATIL ◽  
SAGAR SHAH ◽  
MARIANNA MAIARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have been the subject of many recent studies due to their outstanding characteristics. For the processing of PMCs, a wide range of elevated temperatures is typically applied to the material, leading to the development of internal residual stresses during the final cool-down step. These residual stresses may lead to net shape deformations or internal damage. Also, volumetric shrinkage, and thus additional residual stresses, could be created during crystallization of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic matrix. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers are susceptible to the crystallinity content, which is tightly controlled by the processing parameters (processing temperature, temperature holding time) and material properties (melting and crystallization temperatures). Hence, it is vital to have a precise understanding of crystallization kinetics and its impact on the final component's performance to accurately predict induced residual stresses during the processing of these materials. To enable multi-scale process modeling of thermoplastic composites, molecular-level material properties must be determined for a wide range of crystallinity levels. In this study, the thermomechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage of the thermoplastic Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) resin are predicted as a function of crystallinity content and temperature using molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Using crystallization-kinetics models, the thermo-mechanical properties are directly related to processing time and temperature. This research can ultimately predict the residual stress evolution in PEEK composites as a function of processing parameters.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle Filler Content and Shape in Polymer Nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph O. Blattmann ◽  
Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Filler Content

A Comprehensive Survey on Interoperability for IIoT: Taxonomy, Standards, and Future Directions

2023 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Abhishek Hazra ◽  
Mainak Adhikari ◽  
Tarachand Amgoth ◽  
Satish Narayana Srirama
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the era of Industry 4.0, the Internet-of-Things (IoT) performs the driving position analogous to the initial industrial metamorphosis. IoT affords the potential to couple machine-to-machine intercommunication and real-time information-gathering within the industry domain. Hence, the enactment of IoT in the industry magnifies effective optimization, authority, and data-driven judgment. However, this field undergoes several interoperable issues, including large numbers of heterogeneous IoT gadgets, tools, software, sensing, and processing components, joining through the Internet, despite the deficiency of communication protocols and standards. Recently, various interoperable protocols, platforms, standards, and technologies are enhanced and altered according to the specifications of the applicability in industrial applications. However, there are no recent survey papers that primarily examine various interoperability issues that Industrial IoT (IIoT) faces. In this review, we investigate the conventional and recent developments of relevant state-of-the-art IIoT technologies, frameworks, and solutions for facilitating interoperability between different IIoT components. We also discuss several interoperable IIoT standards, protocols, and models for digitizing the industrial revolution. Finally, we conclude this survey with an inherent discussion of open challenges and directions for future research.

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