A Socio-Technical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-233
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
End User ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Human Psyche

Chapter 7 uses a philosophical approach to discuss the frailty of the human psyche with regards to the implementation and use of systems through our engagement with cyberspace. Our constant exposure to newsworthy cyber security events can desensitize people to the warnings that are either apparent or subliminal. A number of key topical subject areas are discussed exploring human psychology: why people are susceptible to psychological vulnerabilities, characteristics of the human psyche that facilitate errors, how these traits can be exhibited through flawed actions causing mistakes and preventative measures to stop deliberate and accidental actions. This analysis is of vital importance and relevance in order to combat the risks, which to the computer end-user may appear distant and intangible.

On Inhumanity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Livingstone Smith
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
The Mind

The Rwandan genocide, the Holocaust, the lynching of African Americans, the colonial slave trade: these are horrific episodes of mass violence spawned from racism and hatred. We like to think that we could never see such evils again—that we would stand up and fight. But something deep in the human psyche—deeper than prejudice itself—leads people to persecute the other: dehumanization, or the human propensity to think of others as less than human. This book looks at the mechanisms of the mind that encourage us to see someone as less than human. There is something peculiar and horrifying in human psychology that makes us vulnerable to thinking of whole groups of people as subhuman creatures. When governments or other groups stand to gain by exploiting this innate propensity, and know just how to manipulate words and images to trigger it, there is no limit to the violence and hatred that can result.

scholarly journals How to Study Well-Being: A Proposal for the Integration of Philosophy With Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110024
Author(s):  
Michael Prinzing
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Rigorous Theory ◽  
Conceptual Engineering ◽  
The Right

There are presently two approaches to the study of well-being. Philosophers typically focus on normative theorizing, attempting to identify the things that are ultimately good for a person, while largely ignoring empirical research. The idea is that empirical attention cannot be directed to the right place without a rigorous theory. Meanwhile, social scientists typically focus on empirical research, attempting to identify the causes and consequences of well-being, while largely ignoring normative theorizing. The idea is that conceptual and theoretical clarity will come with time and more data. This article argues that neither is a good approach to the study of well-being. The traditional philosophical approach underappreciates the vital importance of empirical investigation, whereas the atheoretical empirical approach underappreciates the vital importance of normative theorizing. The proposed solution is to bring these methods together. Well-being research should be interdisciplinary. The article proposes a “conceptual engineering” approach as a novel alternative. This approach involves an iterative process of normative theorizing, empirical investigation, and conceptual revision, with the aim of articulating concepts and theories of well-being that optimally suit particular interests and purposes.

scholarly journals Trust Concerns Regarding Health-Related Smartphone Apps in Collecting Personally Identifiable Information Throughout COVID-19-like Zoonosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Molla Rashied Hussein ◽  
Md. Ashikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Jahidul Hassan Mojumder ◽  
Shakib Ahmed ◽  
Ehsanul Hoque Apu
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
End User ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personally Identifiable Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Experts

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a zoonosis, which means a disease that contaminates from the animals to the humans. Since it is very highly epizootic, it has forced the public health experts to implement smartphone-based applications to trace its swift transmission trajectory as well as the affected individuals. For this, the individuals’ personally identifiable information is utilized. Nonetheless, these information may hamper privacy and cyber security, especially the trust concerns, if not handled properly. If the issues are not resolved at this very moment, the consequences will induce the mass level population to use the health-related applications in their smartphones inadequately. Therefore, a catastrophe will be imminent for another COVID-19-like zoonosis to come. So, to mitigate, an extensive study was required to address this severe issue, namely, trust concern. This paper has studied the needed by discussing the recently designed and developed health-related applications region by region across the world. Moreover, it has analyzed the benefits and drawbacks. The trust defiance is recognized and inspected from the perspective of an end-user. Some recommendations are advised in the later part of this paper to leverage and collaborate the awareness campaign between the Government, the App Developers and the common individuals.

scholarly journals Data Security for the SME

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
John William Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Security ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Data Object

Whilst much discussion takes place within the Cyber Security Industry, and at annual events, such as yearly Infosecurity show held in London, with emphasis on the corporate world of security, very little attention given to the often forgotten (ignored) smaller enterprise and millions (billions) of end-users who face the very same cyber-threats on an everyday basis. However, this imposition is further compounded by the fact that generally, most of those within the SME sector, and ordinary end-user individuals can be deficient when it comes to cyber-defences, with a much lower level of cybersecurity savvy skills, which by inference exposes a soft-belly of low hanging fruit, manifesting in a significant surface of attack open to abuse by cybercriminals. In the current age of insecurity, such exposures are particularly noteworthy as threats posed by the potential of encountering a Ransomware attack may be concluded to be significant. This paper looks to outline the threats of the current age of 2020 posed by Ransomware and focuses on how the overlooked SME and Individuals may secure their most precious data object, and their business with affordable, simplistic tools and practices.

The Holocaust and Genocide

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Renwick Monroe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Data Section ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Political Behaviors ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter reviews the literature on genocide to define it, asks what scholars already know about it, and provides a context within which the stories that constitute the heart of the data section of this volume can be analyzed. While the Holocaust and World War II is often considered as so horrific that they become unique, the chapter argues that is not the case. Moreover, it remains conscious of the extent to which understanding the human psychology surrounding the Holocaust can lend insight into a far wider range of related, important, and ongoing political behaviors that emanate in forces deep-seated within the human psyche: prejudice; discrimination; ethnic, sectarian, religious hatred and violence.

scholarly journals How to study well-being: A proposal for the integration of philosophy with science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prinzing
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Rigorous Theory ◽  
Conceptual Engineering ◽  
The Right

There are presently two approaches to the study of well-being. Philosophers typically focus on normative theorizing, attempting to identify the things that are ultimately good for a person, while largely ignoring empirical research. The idea is that empirical attention cannot be directed to the right place without a rigorous theory. Meanwhile, social scientists typically focus on empirical research, attempting to identify the causes and consequences of well-being, while largely ignoring normative theorizing. The idea is that conceptual and theoretical clarity will come with time and more data. This paper argues that neither is a good approach to the study of well-being. The traditional philosophical approach underappreciates the vital importance of empirical investigation, while the atheoretical empirical approach underappreciates the vital importance of normative theorizing. The proposed solution is to bring these methods together. Well-being research should be interdisciplinary. The paper proposes a “conceptual engineering” approach as a novel alternative. This approach involves an iterative process of normative theorizing, empirical investigation, and conceptual revision, with the aim of articulating concepts and theories of well-being that optimally suit particularinterests and purposes.

Shakespeare, Reciprocity and Exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
John Drakakis
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Order ◽  
World History ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Social

In his book The Structure of World History (2014) Kojin Karatani has argued that too little attention has been paid in Marxist historiography to the issue of ‘exchange’. In a number of Shakespearean texts ‘exchange’ and ‘reciprocity’ are of vital importance in sustaining social cohesion; in Romeo and Juliet, for example, radical disruptions of patterns of reciprocity and exchange expose an ambivalence that, in certain critical circumstances, inheres in language itself. The disruption that results from the perversion of these values is felt at every level of the social order, but particularly in the sphere of the ‘economic’, where money and trade become metaphors for the disturbance of the relation between language and action, word and object. This disruption is represented as a product of ‘nature’ but it also becomes a feature of a historically over-determined human psychology, and leads to a critical examination of different forms of government and social organization.

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