Enhancing Urban Resilience

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-304
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Integrated Approaches

‘Urban resilience' is a ‘fuzzy' concept which has gained increasing public, political, and academic interest over the past two decades. Yet, despite the increasing ubiquity of the resilience concept, its exact meaning and measurement remains contested. In particular, there remains ongoing debate around how the concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice This chapter presents updated findings from two EU funded projects - HARMONISE and RESILENS - which both explored the development of e-tools and processes to equip urban planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of 'resilience' across borders, disciplines, and professions. This chapter discusses key issues and opportunities in this respect and seeks to chart a pathway forward for more holistic, integrated approaches to urban resilience enhancement.

Operationalising Resilience Within Planning Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-446
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

scholarly journals Operationalising Resilience within Planning Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

Operationalising Resilience Within Planning Practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 662-678
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

scholarly journals Inclusivity insights: two urban development projects in Johannesburg

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Hofer ◽  
Walter Musakwa ◽  
Sander van Lanen ◽  
Trynos Gumbo ◽  
Stefan Netsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Policy Goals

AbstractJohannesburg, which is South Africa’s largest city and economic center, is still influenced by patterns of inequality of the past. Although spatial transformation has been rapid since 1994, spatial divisions along class lines are still prevalent long after the apartheid era. This is despite the fact that societal values such as inclusivity, spatial justice and equal access to resources have become the core goals of Johannesburg’s spatial and urban development. This is particularly true when addressing housing, public open spaces, transport and social infrastructure embedded in a suitable land-use mix. However, despite the adoption of numerous policies by government, this research indicates that even recent urban development projects such as Fleurhof and Waterfall are falling short in delivering those objectives. Based on a case study analysis, we show that significant dysfunctionalities become evident when evaluating these two projects, despite their meeting relevant indicators of spatial inclusion on paper. Tensions are identified between theoretical approaches and the implementation of societally relevant policy goals. These include inclusivity and spatial justice by mostly privatized provision of housing and services, and deficiencies in public maintenance of infrastructure. The research reveals, that ‘ticking-the-boxes’ behavior on policy and project level does not produce equitable, inclusive neighborhoods and urban spatial patterns, but rather reproduces spatial inequalities of the past. If these policies are to result in real spatial change and improvement in the lives of Johannesburg residents, a more proactive approach by the public sector at different levels will be necessary.

Overseas Development Administration. A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries. London: HMSO. 1995. viii+248 pages. Hardbound. £18.95.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overseas Development

This book, hereinafter referred to as the Guide, has been developed for those social analysts (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, and human geographers) who have had little or no practical experience in applying their knowledge as development practitioners. In the past, development projects would be analysed from a narrow financial and economic perspective. But with the evolution of thinking on development, this narrow financial and economic aspect has now been broadened to include the impact on society as the very meaning of development has now come to symbolise social change. Thus, development is not restricted only to plans and figures; the human environment in its entirety is now considered for analysis while designing and implementing development projects.

Key Issues for Digital Research: A Social Science Perspective on Policy and Practice

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dutton ◽  
Marina Jirotka ◽  
Eric T. Meyer ◽  
Ralph Schroeder ◽  
Cohen R Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Digital Research

scholarly journals Urban Form Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional, Semi-Planned, and Planned Neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Maryam Roosta ◽  
Masoud Javadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Heat Events

As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept of resilience has risen to prominence over the past two decades. Consequently, a large volume of research has been published on different aspects of urban resilience. However, urban form resilience is still relatively understudied. As a step toward filling this gap, this study examines resilience of nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The selected cases represent three different urban form patterns, namely, traditional, semi-planned, and planned. Different indicators related to the physical configuration of lots, blocks, open and green spaces, and street networks are used to examine resilience of each neighborhood to three major stressors, namely, earthquakes, extreme heat events, and floods. Additionally, a combination of Shannon entropy and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method is used to rank the resilience of each neighborhood to each of the three stressors. Results show that, overall, the physical form of the planned neighborhoods is more conducive to urban resilience. In contrast, the urban form of traditional neighborhoods was found to be less resilient. There were, however, some variations depending on the type of stressor considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to consider social and economic factors in future studies of urban form resilience.

scholarly journals ANCA Status or Clinical Phenotype — What Counts More?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Windpessl ◽  
Erica L. Bettac ◽  
Philipp Gauckler ◽  
Jae Il Shin ◽  
Duvuru Geetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis

Abstract Purpose of Review There is ongoing debate concerning the classification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. That is, whether classification should be based on the serotype (proteinase 3 (PR3)- or myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA) or on the clinical phenotype (granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)). To add clarity, this review focused on integration of the most recent literature. Recent Findings Large clinical trials have provided evidence that a serology-based risk assessment for relapses is more predictive than distinction based on the phenotype. Research conducted in the past decade indicated that a serology-based approach more closely resembles the genetic associations, the clinical presentation (i.e., lung involvement), biomarker biology, treatment response, and is also predicting comorbidities (such as cardiovascular death). Summary Our review highlights that a serology-based approach could replace a phenotype-based approach to classify ANCA-associated vasculitides. In future, clinical trials and observational studies will presumably focus on this distinction and, as such, translate into a “personalized medicine.”

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