scholarly journals Inclusivity insights: two urban development projects in Johannesburg

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Hofer ◽  
Walter Musakwa ◽  
Sander van Lanen ◽  
Trynos Gumbo ◽  
Stefan Netsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Policy Goals

AbstractJohannesburg, which is South Africa’s largest city and economic center, is still influenced by patterns of inequality of the past. Although spatial transformation has been rapid since 1994, spatial divisions along class lines are still prevalent long after the apartheid era. This is despite the fact that societal values such as inclusivity, spatial justice and equal access to resources have become the core goals of Johannesburg’s spatial and urban development. This is particularly true when addressing housing, public open spaces, transport and social infrastructure embedded in a suitable land-use mix. However, despite the adoption of numerous policies by government, this research indicates that even recent urban development projects such as Fleurhof and Waterfall are falling short in delivering those objectives. Based on a case study analysis, we show that significant dysfunctionalities become evident when evaluating these two projects, despite their meeting relevant indicators of spatial inclusion on paper. Tensions are identified between theoretical approaches and the implementation of societally relevant policy goals. These include inclusivity and spatial justice by mostly privatized provision of housing and services, and deficiencies in public maintenance of infrastructure. The research reveals, that ‘ticking-the-boxes’ behavior on policy and project level does not produce equitable, inclusive neighborhoods and urban spatial patterns, but rather reproduces spatial inequalities of the past. If these policies are to result in real spatial change and improvement in the lives of Johannesburg residents, a more proactive approach by the public sector at different levels will be necessary.

Operationalising Resilience Within Planning Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 430-446
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

scholarly journals Editorial: Spatial Justice in Europe. Territoriality, Mobility and Peripherality

Europa XXI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Apostolos G. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
European Project ◽  
Introductory Section ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Impact

The discussion surrounding the impact of territorial cohesion policy, and the territorial prioritization of cohesion policy, can offer significant insights by problematizing spatial justice. The notions of territoriality, mobility and peripherality are presented and analyzed due to their relevance to territorial cohesion, but also because they may strengthen the concept of spatial justice. The main objective of this paper, and by extension of this issue, is to stress the relevance of spatial justice as a concept created to address socio-spatial and territorial inequalities and useful when framing policy strategies, articulating policy goals, implementing policies, or taking actions to mitigate socio-spatial inequalities. The paper is organized in four sections. The introductory section presents social and economic inequalities as signifiers of the (un)sustainability of the European project and stresses the challenges facing territorial cohesion policy. The second section includes a conceptualization of spatial justice which plays to both the analytical strength and normative rigour of the concept. Third, there is a brief discussion of the notions of territoriality, mobility and peripherality. The final section is dedicated to a description of the basic features of the six papers included in this issue.

scholarly journals Discerning a theological agenda for spatial justice in South Africa: An imperative for sustained reconciliation

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan De Beer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
African Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Spatial Consciousness ◽  
South African Cities

A spatial turn has occurred in various disciplines over the past decades. This article holds that it has not occurred in a similar decisive manner in theological discourse and not in South Africa in particular. After considering the necessity of a spatial turn and spatial consciousness, the article examines the concept of spatial justice against the backdrop of how injustice was and is spatially expressed in South African cities. Considering the way in which South African cities have evolved since the Native Land Act of 1913 – the segregated and apartheid city and the (post)apartheid city – the article then argues that deep and sustained reconciliation will be impossible should current spatial patterns of segregation, exclusion and injustice continue. It advocates theological and ecclesial participation in a national agenda for spatial transformation, to be fleshed out in relation to four interconnected challenges: land, landlessness, housing and home; the ‘creative destruction’ of neighbourhoods, gentrification and the displacement of the poor; participation in city-making (from below) and transformative spatial interventions; and close collaboration with social movements working for spatial justice. It concludes by asserting that such a trans- and/or postdisciplinary agenda for spatial justice would participate with the Spirit to mend the oikos of God.

scholarly journals Operationalising Resilience within Planning Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

Operationalising Resilience Within Planning Practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 662-678
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Ehiaze Ehimen ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell ◽  
Jon Coaffee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
National Borders

Over the past decade the concept of ‘resilience' – broadly viewed as the capacity to plan, prepare, respond and recover from shocks or disturbances - has gained increasing attention within urban planning literature. Yet there remains ongoing debate around how this concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice. This paper presents emerging findings from two EU funded projects – HARMONISE and RESILENS – which both seek to explore the development of e-tools and processes to equip planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools (and subsequent exploitation of such functions) have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of ‘resilience' across cities and national borders. This paper examines some of the key practical challenges in this respect.

Enhancing Urban Resilience

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-304
Author(s):  
Aoife Doyle ◽  
William Hynes ◽  
Stephen M. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Integrated Approaches

‘Urban resilience' is a ‘fuzzy' concept which has gained increasing public, political, and academic interest over the past two decades. Yet, despite the increasing ubiquity of the resilience concept, its exact meaning and measurement remains contested. In particular, there remains ongoing debate around how the concept can be operationalised within planning policy and practice This chapter presents updated findings from two EU funded projects - HARMONISE and RESILENS - which both explored the development of e-tools and processes to equip urban planners with capabilities to assess and enhance the resilience of existing and future urban development projects. To date, the widespread development and optimisation of such tools have been relatively limited in practice due to a poor understanding of resilience as a concept, and differing conceptualisations of 'resilience' across borders, disciplines, and professions. This chapter discusses key issues and opportunities in this respect and seeks to chart a pathway forward for more holistic, integrated approaches to urban resilience enhancement.

Overseas Development Administration. A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries. London: HMSO. 1995. viii+248 pages. Hardbound. £18.95.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overseas Development

This book, hereinafter referred to as the Guide, has been developed for those social analysts (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, and human geographers) who have had little or no practical experience in applying their knowledge as development practitioners. In the past, development projects would be analysed from a narrow financial and economic perspective. But with the evolution of thinking on development, this narrow financial and economic aspect has now been broadened to include the impact on society as the very meaning of development has now come to symbolise social change. Thus, development is not restricted only to plans and figures; the human environment in its entirety is now considered for analysis while designing and implementing development projects.

scholarly journals Human security as biosecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Craig Albert ◽  
Amado Baez ◽  
Joshua Rutland
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Research within security studies has struggled to determine whether infectious disease (ID) represents an existential threat to national and international security. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), it is imperative to reexamine the relationship between ID and global security. This article addresses the specific threat to security from COVID-19, asking, “Is COVID-19 a threat to national and international security?” To investigate this question, this article uses two theoretical approaches: human security and biosecurity. It argues that COVID-19 is a threat to global security by the ontological crisis posed to individuals through human security theory and through high politics, as evidenced by biosecurity. By viewing security threats through the lens of the individual and the state, it becomes clear that ID should be considered an international security threat. This article examines the relevant literature and applies the theoretical framework to a case study analysis focused on the United States.

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