Teaching for Critical Thinking

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Stephen Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Basic Protocol

This chapter reviews the core process of critical thinking—hunting assumptions—and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers' own backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions—paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal—are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The chapter examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students.

Teaching for Critical Thinking

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Basic Protocol

This article reviews the core process of critical thinking – hunting assumptions – and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers’ own backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives, and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions – paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal – are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The article examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process, and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students.

Teaching for Critical Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Stephen Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Basic Protocol

This article reviews the core process of critical thinking—hunting assumptions—and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers' own backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives, and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions—paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal—are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The chapter examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process, and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students. The advent of digital technologies brings both urgency and opportunity to teaching for critical thinking.

Teaching for Critical Thinking

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Basic Protocol

This article reviews the core process of critical thinking – hunting assumptions – and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers' own backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives, and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions – paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal – are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The article examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process, and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students.

Teaching for Critical Thinking

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Stephen Brookfield
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Basic Protocol

This chapter reviews the core process of critical thinking—hunting assumptions—and explains how this process differs according to the context of what is being taught and the different intellectual traditions that inform teachers’ backgrounds. It outlines a basic protocol of critical thinking as a learning process that focuses on uncovering and checking assumptions, exploring alternative perspectives, and taking informed actions as a result. Three different categories of assumptions—paradigmatic, prescriptive, and causal—are defined, and the teaching methods and approaches that most help students to think critically are explored. The chapter examines in detail the fact that critical thinking is best experienced as a social learning process, and how important it is for teachers to model the process for students.

Penerapan Pendekatan Kontruktivisme dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMP Negeri I Remboken

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femmy Tresje Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study is conducted in order to describe the development model ofconstructivistic teaching in Indonesian language for the sake of maximizing thestudents’ attitude in critical thinking. Operationally this study is done inorder to describe the concept and strategy model and the materials of constructivisticIndonesian language teaching developed by the teachers in SMP Negeri 1 Rembokenfor the sake of maximizing the students’ attitude in critical thinking. TheIndonesian language teachers’ concept on the planning and the conduction ofconstructivistic teaching related to what Indonesian language teaching is, howthe textbook and the materials are used, the purpose of Indonesian languageteaching is, the role of the teacher, the role of the students in the teachingand learning process, the use of teaching methods and media, and the procedureof the conduction of constructivistic Indonesian language teaching and learningprocess in the classroom, was not done by the teachers when they were observed.Their constructivistic teaching attitude is very minimal.

scholarly journals The Use of Visualization in Teaching and Learning Process for Developing Critical Thinking of Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Kyvete Shatri ◽  
Kastriot Buza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Positive Effect

Many researches has been conducted for the need to increase critical thinking of students (in (different fields, (also many researches has been done on the importance and the role of critical thinking for students achievements. In this context this requires a critical approach. To achieve this should be used effective teaching methods that develop critical thinking and also facilitate and enhance the learning of students and their performance in general, making them able to solving problems in their fields. A visualization approach increase communication, increase critical thinking and provides analytical approach to various problems. Therefore, this research is aimed to investigate visualization for the purpose of examining its role in developing critical thinking. In order to achieve this it was made an experiment for the use of visualization and from this experimentation are extracted the results of the effect of using the visualization for the aspect of developing and increasing critical thinking. The results which are taken from this research highlight the positive effect that the use of visualization in teaching and learning process has in developing the critical thinking of students and their overall performance. The results also shows that the visualization motivates students to learn, making them more cooperative and developing their skills for critical approach. Keywords: visualization, critical thinking, teaching, learning, student performance

scholarly journals Critical Thinking Sub-Skills in English Debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635
Author(s):  
Liqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Efl Context ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Points

Incorporating the existing theoretical models of critical thinking (CT) with empirical data analysis, this paper proposes an analytical framework for English debate in a Chinese EFL context. The framework divides the core tasks of debate into four stages: information assessment, argumentation, presentation, and reflection. Each stage requires different CT skills and sub-skills. After analyzing the 24 students’ debating and subsequent reflective practice, this paper discusses the key points and difficulties in developing CT skills in the process of English debate and tries to explore the operable teaching methods.

scholarly journals Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Group Discussion: The Case Study of Fifth Grade Students in Sukma Bangsa Bireuen Elementary School

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Asrita Asrita ◽  
Nurhilza Nurhilza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Care Evaluation

This study is concerned with group discussion as one of the teaching methods can identify the emergence of students’ critical thinking skills in fifth grade students of Sukma Bangsa School. The purpose of this study was classified fourteen critical thinking concepts (practice, action, management, appreciation, awareness, care, evaluation, understanding, analysis, appraisal, interpretation, being, reflection, reviewing) which emerged in the learning process using group discussion. The study showed that eleven critical thinking concepts (practice, action, management, appreciation, awareness, care, evaluation, understanding, analysis, appraisal, interpretation) could be found in fifth grade students, while three of them  are missing (being, reflection, reviewing). It could be concluded that the students’ ability to think critically was developed after getting experiences in learning by using group discussion. However, an important factor in fostering students’ critical thinking skills was teachers’ involvement. Thus, teachers need to fully participate to stimulate students to express their critical thinking skills in the learning process.[Artikel ini membahas tentang diskusi group sebagai salah satu metode mengajar dapat mengindentifikasi terbentuknya kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir kritis terutama siswa kelas 5 di Sekolah Sukma Bangsa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengklasifikasi 14 konsep berpikir kritis (praktik, aksi, manajemen, appresiasi, awareness, peduli, evaluasi, pemahaman, analisa, appraisal, interpretasi, being, refleksi, dan mereview) dapat muncul dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan diskusi group. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuh konsep berpikir kritis (praktik, aksi, managemen, appresiasi, awareness, peduli, evaluasi, pemahaman, analisis, appraisal dan interpretasi) telah ditemukan pada siswa kelas 5, sementara tiga lainnya tidak (being, refleksi dan review). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa untuk berpikir kritis telah terbentuk setelah melalui proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan diskusi group. Meskipun fakor terpenting untuk memunculkan kemampuan siswa berpikir kritis adalah keterlibatan seorang guru. Maka guru-guru perlu berperan aktif menstimulasi siswa untuk mengeluarkan kemampuan berpikir kritisnya dalam proses pembelajaran.]

scholarly journals Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Group Discussion: The Case Study of Fifth Grade Students in Sukma Bangsa Bireuen Elementary School

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Asrita Asrita ◽  
Nurhilza Nurhilza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Care Evaluation

This study is concerned with group discussion as one of the teaching methods can identify the emergence of students’ critical thinking skills in fifth grade students of Sukma Bangsa School. The purpose of this study was classified fourteen critical thinking concepts (practice, action, management, appreciation, awareness, care, evaluation, understanding, analysis, appraisal, interpretation, being, reflection, reviewing) which emerged in the learning process using group discussion. The study showed that eleven critical thinking concepts (practice, action, management, appreciation, awareness, care, evaluation, understanding, analysis, appraisal, interpretation) could be found in fifth grade students, while three of them  are missing (being, reflection, reviewing). It could be concluded that the students’ ability to think critically was developed after getting experiences in learning by using group discussion. However, an important factor in fostering students’ critical thinking skills was teachers’ involvement. Thus, teachers need to fully participate to stimulate students to express their critical thinking skills in the learning process.[Artikel ini membahas tentang diskusi group sebagai salah satu metode mengajar dapat mengindentifikasi terbentuknya kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir kritis terutama siswa kelas 5 di Sekolah Sukma Bangsa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengklasifikasi 14 konsep berpikir kritis (praktik, aksi, manajemen, appresiasi, awareness, peduli, evaluasi, pemahaman, analisa, appraisal, interpretasi, being, refleksi, dan mereview) dapat muncul dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan diskusi group. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuh konsep berpikir kritis (praktik, aksi, managemen, appresiasi, awareness, peduli, evaluasi, pemahaman, analisis, appraisal dan interpretasi) telah ditemukan pada siswa kelas 5, sementara tiga lainnya tidak (being, refleksi dan review). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa untuk berpikir kritis telah terbentuk setelah melalui proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan diskusi group. Meskipun fakor terpenting untuk memunculkan kemampuan siswa berpikir kritis adalah keterlibatan seorang guru. Maka guru-guru perlu berperan aktif menstimulasi siswa untuk mengeluarkan kemampuan berpikir kritisnya dalam proses pembelajaran.]

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