Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Persons in Quarantine and Isolation Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Freeman ◽  
Simon George Taukeni ◽  
Eveline Ndinelao Kalomo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Isolation Facilities

In this chapter, the authors describe the essential need of mental health and psychosocial support for people accommodated in mandatory quarantine and isolation facilities during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia through a multi-sectoral response. Namibia recorded its first two index cases on 13 March 2020 when a married couple arrived in the Windhoek district in Namibia from Madrid, Spain on 11 March 2020. Namibia has since March 2020 provided supervised quarantine services to 12,128 persons in facilities around the country. The Ministry of Health and Social Services provides mental health and psychosocial support services, which were critical in the short and long-term response to COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures were developed in line with WHO guidelines to contain the virus. These measures include the need of setting up quarantine and isolation facilities. Recommendations for future research in strengthening mental health and psychosocial support services and coping strategies are provided in the chapter.

scholarly journals The importance of financial recession for mental health among students: short- and long-term analyses from an ecosocial perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hammarström ◽  
Pekka Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Short And Long Term

Background and aim: Referring to the ecosocial theory and utilising the ‘natural experiment’ setting provided by the global recession at the beginning of 1990s, the aim of our study was to analyse the short- and long-term associations between trade and mental health in young students followed until mid-adulthood. Method: The study was based on two prospective cohort studies, the older and the younger Northern Swedish Cohort which both consisted of all pupils in a middle-sized industrial town in Northern Sweden. At age 21, the younger cohort entered the labour market during the deep recession of the early 1990s, while the older cohort entered the labour market during the boom of the 1980s. Both cohorts were followed up with a high response rate in mid adulthood. For this study, all students were selected at age 21. Results: At age 21, those who studied during recession had more depressive and functional somatic symptoms than those who studied during boom. The cohort differences did not remain over age: by the follow-up in early middle age the differences between the cohorts were non-significant, most notably due to decreased depressive symptoms in the younger cohort and increase of functional somatic symptoms in the older cohort. Conclusions: The short-term mental health consequences of the business cycle seem to be more extensive than limited only to those who are unemployed, even though the possible long-term consequences seem to be more complex. Thus, the macrolevel had a great short-term impact on the individual level in relation to the microlevel setting of university/school. The chronosystem was also of major importance. Future research would benefit from taking the context into account.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Capabilities of Bottom of the Pyramid Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032110018
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Rodrigo L. Morais-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Short And Long Term

Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) organizations are the ones that develop a set of capabilities that contribute to create short- and long-term sustainability values inside and outside the boundaries of BoP ecosystems. Capabilities have an important role in BoP organizations’ strategies that aim to solve BoP issues. Notwithstanding its developments, BoP research still lacks theoretical contributions for the analysis of organizations. We suggest special attention to the need of advancing knowledge on capabilities of BoP organizations because this field is scattered and fragmented, misinterpreted, and still underdeveloped in the literature. We oriented our research formulating and seeking answers to our main question on what are the capabilities needed to enable organizations to create sustainability values in BoP ecosystems? We conducted an integrative review of BoP research for the period from 1998 to 2019, and we found 22 key capabilities of BoP organizations. We organized the capabilities into four major categories including BoP Responsible Consumption, BoP Responsible Business Model, BoP Responsible Management, and BoP Responsible Innovation. We advanced propositions and discussions regarding the capabilities and major categories’ popularity, interdependence and combination, short- and long-term temporal functions, sustainability roles, and effectiveness to address BoP issues. Our article organizes the field of capabilities of BoP organizations; advances contributions and implications for management, organizations, and policymaking; and opens fruitful avenues for future research.

Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey

Trauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen van Aswegen ◽  
Julie Reeve ◽  
Lisa Beach ◽  
Romy Parker ◽  
Monika Fagevik Olsèn
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Surgical Fixation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ventilatory Management

Aim Major chest trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management of patients with major chest trauma includes pain relief, ventilatory management, surgical fixation and early rehabilitation to improve both short- and long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy is widely considered an integral component of the multidisciplinary trauma team and aims to improve respiratory status and reduce the sequelae associated with immobility and reduced physical function. Despite this there is scarce evidence describing or investigating physiotherapy interventions and how these practices vary worldwide. The aim of this study was to ascertain the current physiotherapy management of patients having sustained major chest trauma and to investigate how such practices varied internationally. Methods A purpose designed online survey was administered to a group of experienced physiotherapists who work in the field of trauma. Results Response rate was 51% ( n = 49) and respondents represented all five continents. Respondents reported focussing on active coughing ( n = 46, 96%, r = 0.5, p = 0.98), body positioning ( n = 43, 94%, r = 0.7, p = 0.41), deep breathing exercises ( n = 44, 94%, r = 0.8, p = 0.66) and early mobilisation ( n = 47, 98%, r = 1, p = 0.64). Ambulation in hospital was reported to be common ( n = 46, 98%, r = 0.2, p = 0.99) but rehabilitation to address longer term sequelae following hospital discharge was reported to be rare ( n = 4, 8%). Conclusion This survey has highlighted those practices used by physiotherapists worldwide which aim to address the complications associated with major chest trauma. Having established global practice, the study provides a platform for future research investigating the efficacy of such interventions in improving both short- and long-term outcomes for patients following major chest injury.

scholarly journals Stress-related emotional and behavioural impact following the first COVID-19 outbreak peak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Benjamin ◽  
Yael Kuperman ◽  
Noa Eren ◽  
Ron Rotkopf ◽  
Maya Amitai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physiological Symptoms ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
And Coping

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic poses multiple psychologically stressful challenges and is associated with an increased risk for mental illness. Previous studies have focused on the psychopathological symptoms associated with the outbreak peak. Here, we examined the behavioural and mental-health impact of the pandemic in Israel using an online survey, during the six weeks encompassing the end of the first outbreak and the beginning of the second. We used clinically validated instruments to assess anxiety- and depression-related emotional distress, symptoms, and coping strategies, as well as questions designed to specifically assess COVID-19-related concerns. Higher emotional burden was associated with being female, younger, unemployed, living in high socioeconomic status localities, having prior medical conditions, encountering more people, and experiencing physiological symptoms. Our findings highlight the environmental context and its importance in understanding individual ability to cope with the long-term stressful challenges of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Health Consequences and Clinical Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan El Ghoch ◽  
Simona Calugi ◽  
Riccardo Dalle Grave
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
European Association ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Short And Long Term

Over the last decade, a new condition, which occurs in the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity, has been termed “sarcopenic obesity”. The term describes the coexistence of obesity, defined as the increase in body fat mass deposition, and sarcopenia, defined as the reduction in lean mass and muscle strength. However, many uncertainties still surround the condition of sarcopenic obesity in terms of its definition, the adverse short- and long-term health effects (i.e., medical disease, psychosocial functioning, quality of life and mortality) and its clinical management. The aim of this short communication is to emphasize some crucial aspects that future research should take into account in order to avoid bias and misinterpretations and to underline that the study of sarcopenic obesity should be considered a scientific and clinical priority, as reported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).

scholarly journals CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH: DOES GENDER MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S935-S935
Author(s):  
Patricia M Morton ◽  
Blakelee Kemp ◽  
Frass Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Abuse ◽  
Parental Abuse

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that child abuse is associated with poor adult mental health, but few have investigated the extent to which the frequency of different types of abuse increase mental health conditions, especially at the nexus of gender. The present study examines whether parental abuse frequency and abuse perpetrator have distinct effects for men and women on three mental health outcomes—depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and global self-reported mental health. Data came from three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), comprising a baseline sample of 3,032 adults aged 25-74. Estimating a series of mixed effects models revealed that maternal abuse and frequent abuse during childhood were associated with poorer adult mental health during our 20-year observation period, net of childhood and adult risk factors. Specifically, maternal emotional abuse raised the risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-rated mental health, and was more strongly associated with depression and anxiety for women than men. Compared to adults who did not experience parental abuse during childhood, adults who experienced frequent emotional and physical abuse by either parent were more likely to experience depression and anxiety and report lower ratings of mental health in adulthood. Frequent child abuse was more strongly associated with anxiety for women than men. These results demonstrate that gender differences in adult mental health have early-life antecedents. Future research investigating the long-term mental health consequences of child abuse should consider the type and magnitude of abuse as well as the perpetrator.

scholarly journals Long-term Benzodiazepine Treatment in Patients with Psychotic Disorders Attending a Mental Health Service in Rural Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S026-S030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaios Peritogiannis ◽  
Thiresia Manthopoulou ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mobile Mental Health

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long-term benzodiazepine (BZD) treatment in patients with mental disorders is widespread in clinical practice, and this is also the case of patients with schizophrenia, although the evidence is weak and BZD prescription is discouraged by guidelines and medical authorities. Data on BZD prescription are usually derived from national or regional databases whereas information on the use of BZD by patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses in general population-based samples is limited. Materials and Methods: Information for 77 patients with psychotic disorders who were regularly attending follow-up appointments with the multidisciplinary Mobile Mental Health Unit of the prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Northwest Greece, during 1-year period (2015) was obtained from our database. Results: From the total of 77 engaged patients, 30 (39%) were regularly prescribed BZDs in the long term, as part of their treatment regimen. Prescribed BZDs were mostly diazepam and lorazepam, in 43.3% of cases each. The mean daily dose of these compounds was 13 mg and 3.77 mg, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a correlation of long-term BZD use with the history of alcohol/substance abuse. Most patients were receiving BZD continuously for several years, and the mean dose was steady within this interval. Conclusions: A large proportion of patients with psychotic disorders were regularly prescribed BZD in long term. It appears that when BZDs are prescribed for some period in the course of a psychotic disorder, their use commonly exceeds the recommended interval and then becomes a regular part of the chronic treatment regimen. Future research should address the factors that may be related to the long-term BZD use by patients with psychotic disorders. Interventions for the reduction of regular BZD prescription should target the primary care setting and all those who treat first episode patients.

scholarly journals Access to community-based mental healthcare and psychosocial support within a disaster context

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P O'Hanlon ◽  
Boris Budosan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Mental Health Effects

After a large-scale humanitarian disaster, 30–50% of victims develop moderate or severe psychological distress. Rates of mild and moderate mental disorders increase by 5–10% and severe disorders by 1–2%. Those with such disorders need access to mental healthcare. Primary care clinics are appropriate due to their easy accessibility and the non-stigmatising environment. There is a consensus among experts that the mental health effects of disaster are best addressed by existing services, that is, through capacity building rather than by establishing parallel systems. Mental health interventions in emergencies should begin with a clear vision for the long-term advancement of community services.

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