Aestheticization Through Representation of Power in Built Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-368
Author(s):  
Tugce Sanli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political History ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Representational Power

The concepts of power, aesthetics, and fear beyond the boundaries of art reveals tangible and intangible existence through urban space, and public space stands as the centre of attention due to its transforming meaning and spatiality reflecting the global-local thresholds of economic, political, and social compositions of different time periods. The research aims to unfold the layers of ‘power' that are capable of manifesting through built environment using state apparatuses, that is, urban planning, land-use changes, architecture, securitization, and pacification of symbolic and socially constructed meanings and connotations of particular urban spaces, each of which upholds its own aesthetic formation that is unstable, sensational, and perceptual. Turkey is chosen for its rich and yet complex social and political history as the case concentrating on Kızılay Square in Ankara due to its potential of reflecting a rich historical passage starting with a modernisation implication of a new capital to tyranny of forms of institutional, political, and representational power at display.

Frontiers in Land Use and Travel Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 633-664
Author(s):  
Marlon G. Boarnet
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Key Issues

This article examines research concerning land use and travel behavior in relation to urban planning. It summarizes the standard approach to studying land use and travel behavior, and identifies the key issues that should be the focus of planning research going forward. The analysis reveals that the literature on land use and travel behavior has so far focused almost exclusively on hypothesis tests regarding the association between the built environment and travel, and on the magnitude of the associations.

scholarly journals Wpływ kapitału społecznego mieszkańców na kształtowanie przestrzeni wspólnych w środowisku mieszkaniowym

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Anna Cudny
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
National Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Influence of social capital of inhabitants on shaping common spaces in a housing environment The last two decades of the century have brought unusually many changes in the built environment. These include not only changes directly related to the emergence of a new urban fabric, but also changes in social attitudes towards common spaces located in residential areas. The built environment has never been evaluated so strongly. This assessment translates not only into the everyday outdoor activities of residents (necessary, optional and social activities), but also to economic projects (purchase, sale and rental of real estate). At the same time, the city ceases to be, as it has been so far, mainly subjected to criticism, and the residents are gradually changing their demanding attitude concerning the development of space to participate in the process of its creation. Society wants to have a real impact on urban space, especially on the space closest to them. Thus, the right to the city is no longer a privilege or a duty, but it becomes a need. Trying to meet this need results in a phenomenon which we can increasingly observe in Poland, and which we have been witnessing abroad for many years: activities in public space are changing into activities for public space. They include the transformation of common spaces related to the place of residence—improving their aesthetic quality, functional changes, modernization of development elements. Observing numerous examples of public participation in shaping public spaces, it was noticed that the initiation, course and effects of activities largely depend on the social capital of the group undertaking said activity. Accordingly, there is a need for research on the mutual relation between the level of social capital and the issue of shaping and managing public space with the participation of local communities, which will be the main topic of the paper. To investigate the above-mentioned issue, qualitative research methods were used in relation to the relationship: site visit, non-participant observation and focus interviews. This contributed to a comparative study of three selected Warsaw case studies. They were analysed in terms of meeting the qualitative criteria selected for the study. These criteria have been indicated on the basis of the Social Capital Development Strategy 2020, which is one of the parts of the Medium-Term National Development Strategy. The result of the analyses is an indication of derived factors from within the group of space users and external factors that have a positive and negative impact on initiating, carrying out and maintaining the effects of changes in common spaces developed with the participation of local communities in Polish conditions. The conclusions can be used to improve future participation processes related to urban space - both by non-professionals participating in them, as well as experts - architects and town planners.

Edible public space. Experimenting with a socio-environmentally just urbanism

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Chiara Tornaghi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Critical Geography ◽  
Space Project ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

This paper presents an English case of urban agriculture, the Edible Public Space Project in Leeds, contextualised in a context of urban agriculture initiatives committed to social-environmental justice, to the reproduction of common goods and the promotion of an urban planning which promotes the right to food and to the construction of urban space from the bottom up. The case study emerged as the result of action-research at the crossroads between urban planning policies, community work and critical geography. As opposed to many similar initiatives, the Edible Public Space Project is not intended merely as a temporary initiative hidden within the tiny folds of the city, but rather as an experiment which imagines and implements alternatives to current forms of urban planning within those folds and it contextualises them in the light of the ecological, fi nancial and social crisis of the last decade.

scholarly journals A GIS-BASED PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING THE EFECTS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON URBAN FLASH FLOODS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chunlu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
The Impact

Urban flooding has been a severe problem for many cities around the world as it remains one of the greatest threats to the property and safety of human communities. In Australia, it is seen as the most expensive natural hazard. However, urban areas that are impervious to rainwater have been sharply increasing owing to booming construction activities and rapid urbanisation. The change in the built environment may cause more frequent and longer duration of flooding in floodprone urban regions. Thus, the flood inundation issue associated with the effects of land uses needs to be explored and developed. This research constructs a framework for modelling urban flood inundation. Different rainfall events are then designed for examining the impact on flash floods generated by land-use changes. Measurement is formulated for changes of topographical features over a real time series. Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies are then utilised to visualise the effects of land-use changes on flood inundation under different types of storms. Based on a community-based case study, the results reveal that the built environment leads to varying degrees of aggravation of urban flash floods with different storm events and a few rainwater storage units may slightly mitigate flooding extents under different storm conditions. Hence, it is recommended that the outcomes of this study could be applied to flood assessment measures for urban development and the attained results could be utilised in government planning to raise awareness of flood hazard.

Cellular automata for simulating land-use change with a constrained irregular space representation: A case study in Nanjing city, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832094988
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Yizhong Sun ◽  
Shuyin Song ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Hu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Ca Model

Traditional cell-based cellular automata (CA) models use a regular cellular grid to represent geographic space, and new approaches to CA models have explored the use of a vector representation of space instead of a regular grid to characterize urban space more realistically. However, less attention has been paid to modeling the interaction between the geospatial information and the irregular cells. To date, the majority of spatial boundaries have been created by individual agencies in an uncoordinated manner. As a consequence, the potential uses of the data collected for land-use change models are limited. In this paper, we propose a new vector-based CA model based on a new constrained irregular space representation using the theory of hierarchical spatial reasoning. For dividing the geographic space considering different items, first land patches are considered as the minimum division unit; then aggregation rules, including attribute, geometric and boundary barrier constraints, are defined; and finally different levels of spatial units are formed through land patches based on aggregation rules. The proposed model is used to simulate the land-use changes in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The performance validation and comparison illustrate the feasibility of the proposed space representation in a CA model. By using this model, it is expected that the use of the real spatial boundaries that are employed in urban planning could help provide a flexible paradigm to consider various drivers or constraints for realistically simulating land-use changes.

Landscape-scale disturbance and protected areas: long-term dynamics of populations of the shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersi in lowland Neotropical streams, Costa Rica

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia N. Snyder ◽  
Catherine M. Pringle ◽  
Ruth Tiffer-Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract:Freshwater migratory shrimps, an important component of tropical aquatic ecosystems, are vulnerable to land-use change during their upstream and downstream migrations. At La Selva Biological Station in the Sarapiquí region of Costa Rica, shrimp population data were collected between 1988 and 1989, before massive land-use change occurred downstream that could potentially affect shrimp recruitment upstream. Using generalized linear models and a Bayesian inference framework, the relative abundance of Macrobrachium olfersi between recent (2008–2011) and historical time periods (1988–1989) was compared in three stream reaches. Shrimp relative abundance in two stream reaches within the protected area of La Selva was relatively constant yearly and between recent post-disturbance (2008–2011) and historical pre-disturbance (1988–89) time periods. In contrast, a stream reach bordered by pasture accessible to fishermen, showed an 87% decrease in relative abundance between recent and historical time periods suggesting site-level disturbance, possibly from fishing. The lack of change between historical and contemporary sampling periods within interior-forest stream reaches suggests that shrimp populations in protected forested reaches are resistant or resilient to certain land-use changes occurring downstream.

scholarly journals Incorporating Form-Based Codes into the Design-Based Approach to Historic Building Conservation in Phuket, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3859
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Masuwan ◽  
Pusit Lertwattanaruk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Historic Districts ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Relationship Of

In Thailand, the concept and measurement of urban planning rely on conventional zoning, which includes land use, building usage, and open space ratio. Conventional zoning focuses on both the growth of buildings in terms of physical dimensions and their usability in lowland areas. The guidelines and measures used in urban planning do not reflect the spatial relationship of the community, as they have a less detailed design and place no emphasis on the identity of the district. Urban planning might not protect the sense of any given place, as it often uses a one-size-fits-all plan that is then applied to whole communities. Form-Based Codes (FBCs) are urban planning tools that are used to maximize land use, benefit the public, focus on creating a specific physical form, and design the development and public spaces in a way that matches the community’s vision. FBCs are the result of the cooperation between stakeholders, architects, urban planners, government agencies, and members of the local community who are willing to create a plan for their public space and to preserve the physical characteristics of the city. In this paper, we aimed to understand the relationship between various historical contexts and the FBCs using the case study of Phuket’s old town, which has a fusion of Sino–Portuguese architecture. Building form standards suitable for Phuket’s old town were created by comparing them to a baseline case that uses existing codes and regulations and using the FBCs’ components. FBCs have the potential to enhance the character and vibrancy of the historic area by improving façade design and preserving the sense of place and community pride. The results support the hypothesis that FBCs are able to supplement conventional zoning in historic districts. Recommendations for a local historic preservation commission and communities that are considering the adoption of FBCs for historic resources and districts are provided.

scholarly journals A New Data-Enabled Intelligence Framework for Evaluating Urban Space Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Haohao Ji ◽  
Linbo Qing ◽  
Longmei Han ◽  
Zhengyong Wang ◽  
Yongqiang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Human Perceptions

The urban environment has a great impact on the wellbeing of citizens and it is of great significance to understand how citizens perceive and evaluate places in a large scale urban region and to provide scientific evidence to support human-centered urban planning with a better urban environment. Existing studies for assessing urban perception have primarily relied on low efficiency methods, which also result in low evaluation accuracy. Furthermore, there lacks a sophisticated understanding on how to correlate the urban perception with the built environment and other socio-economic data, which limits their applications in supporting urban planning. In this study, a new data-enabled intelligence framework for evaluating human perceptions of urban space is proposed. Specifically, a novel classification-then-regression strategy based on a deep convolutional neural network and a random-forest algorithm is proposed. The proposed approach has been applied to evaluate the perceptions of Beijing and Chengdu against six perceptual criteria. Meanwhile, multi-source data were employed to investigate the associations between human perceptions and the indicators for the built environment and socio-economic data including visual elements, facility attributes and socio-economic indicators. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively evaluate urban perceptions. The associations between urban perceptions and the visual elements, facility attributes and a socio-economic dimension have also been identified, which can provide substantial inputs to guide the urban planning for a better urban space.

scholarly journals The politics of the street: Street art, public writing and the history of political contest in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Trumper
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political History ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Public Writing ◽  
Protest Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

This commentary focuses on the politics of public space in democracy and dictatorship. It delves into what Peter Winn calls the revolution ‘from below’ from the perspective of urban conflict, suggesting a political history that attends to urban and visual culture as a crucial arena of political practice. It suggests that the often-conflictive battle over public spaces was, and continues to be, a mechanism by which an unprecedented range of citizens entered into an ongoing debate over the boundaries of citizenship, practice, politics and that this practice was adapted, transformed and reimagined over the last five decades. The struggle over streets and walls continues to be central to Chilean political history, and urban space remains a field of ongoing contest and debate: the estallido of social unrest in contemporary Chile connected a new generation of activists to this longer history of creative politics of protest and protest art and gave them the opportunity to articulate new forms of intersectional political thought in public space, even in the face of state-sponsored violence. Studying these forms of unrest reveals that theirs is an incisive, intersectional critique of the limits of the ‘transition to democracy’, of neoliberal democracies and of the legacies of dictatorship.

The War of Billboards: Hijab, Secularism, and Public Space in Bishkek

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Nasritdinov ◽  
Nurgul Esenamanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

In this article, we explore how religion claims its space in the city of Bishkek. The growing community of practicing Muslims asserts the right to be in the city, live according to its religious ideals, and create Islamic urban spaces. Such claims do not remain uncontested and, because religious identity has strong visual manifestation, religious claims become the subject of strong public debate. This contestation overlaps with socially constructed gender hierarchies—religious/secular claims over the urban space turn into men’s claims over women with both sides (religious and secular) claiming to know what women should wear. Yet research shows that Kyrgyz women in Bishkek do not really need fashion advice. The Islamic revivalist movement among women in the Kyrgyz capital has since the 1990s created a strong momentum that has a life of its own and is fairly independent. Muslim women wearing a hijab have become very visible and influential urban actors with their own strong claims for the city.

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