scholarly journals A New Data-Enabled Intelligence Framework for Evaluating Urban Space Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Haohao Ji ◽  
Linbo Qing ◽  
Longmei Han ◽  
Zhengyong Wang ◽  
Yongqiang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Human Perceptions

The urban environment has a great impact on the wellbeing of citizens and it is of great significance to understand how citizens perceive and evaluate places in a large scale urban region and to provide scientific evidence to support human-centered urban planning with a better urban environment. Existing studies for assessing urban perception have primarily relied on low efficiency methods, which also result in low evaluation accuracy. Furthermore, there lacks a sophisticated understanding on how to correlate the urban perception with the built environment and other socio-economic data, which limits their applications in supporting urban planning. In this study, a new data-enabled intelligence framework for evaluating human perceptions of urban space is proposed. Specifically, a novel classification-then-regression strategy based on a deep convolutional neural network and a random-forest algorithm is proposed. The proposed approach has been applied to evaluate the perceptions of Beijing and Chengdu against six perceptual criteria. Meanwhile, multi-source data were employed to investigate the associations between human perceptions and the indicators for the built environment and socio-economic data including visual elements, facility attributes and socio-economic indicators. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively evaluate urban perceptions. The associations between urban perceptions and the visual elements, facility attributes and a socio-economic dimension have also been identified, which can provide substantial inputs to guide the urban planning for a better urban space.

scholarly journals Moving Urban Sculptures towards Sustainability: The Urban Sculpture Planning System in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Pieter Uyttenhove ◽  
Xin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Planning Strategies

Following the continuous development characterized by large-scale constructions, Chinese urban development has shifted to the promotion of refined urban space quality. Urban sculpture, an important part of public arts, has been receiving increased attention in China as an important carrier for highlighting urban characteristics, culture, and history within cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it offers innovative methods to address the issues of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, in particular cultural sustainability. Interdisciplinary theories of urban planning are creatively applied to guide, coordinate, and improve the sustainable production of urban sculptures in China. This research was initiated to: (1) Illustrate how urban sculptures are produced through an urban planning system in the context of China; (2) explain what kind of influencing factors in relation to sustainability exist, mainly within the framework of planning strategies and cultural policies; and (3) put forward sustainable planning strategies to produce urban sculptures. To answer the above inquiries, we reviewed more than 100 articles, plans, and government documents, and we conducted several semi-structured interviews. The article argues that urban planning strategies and policies have been conceived as strategic instruments by the Chinese municipal governments to realize sustainable development of urban sculptures. Our findings would enrich knowledge on geographic studies of public art planning through the contextualized analysis of a Chinese urban sculpture planning system. It also fills the gap in the literature on the sustainability of urban sculptures by approaching the perspectives of planning strategies and cultural policies.

scholarly journals Analysis of educational programs of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, graduating specialists in designing the urban environment and its elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Т.A. Abdrashitova ◽  
◽  
A.Sh. Chikanayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academic Year

This article is devoted to the study of perspective direction and educational programs of higher education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan that produce specialists who are competent in the design of urban space, as well as its elements. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of educational programs (architectural design, landscape design, architecture, urban planning) for applicants entering higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 2020 academic year.

scholarly journals Subjectively Measured Streetscape Qualities for Shanghai with Large-Scale Application of Computer Vision and Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
Waishan Qiu ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Xun Liu ◽  
Xiaokai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Human Perceptions

AbstractRecently, many new studies emerged to apply computer vision (CV) to street view imagery (SVI) dataset to objectively extract the view indices of various streetscape features such as trees to proxy urban scene qualities. However, human perceptions (e.g., imageability) have a subtle relationship to visual elements which cannot be fully captured using view indices. Conversely, subjective measures using survey and interview data explain more human behaviors. However, the effectiveness of integrating subjective measures with SVI dataset has been less discussed. To address this, we integrated crowdsourcing, CV, and machine learning (ML) to subjectively measure four important perceptions suggested by classical urban design theory. We first collected experts’ rating on sample SVIs regarding the four qualities which became the training labels. CV segmentation was applied to SVI samples extracting streetscape view indices as the explanatory variables. We then trained ML models and achieved high accuracy in predicting the scores. We found a strong correlation between predicted complexity score and the density of urban amenities and services Point of Interests (POI), which validates the effectiveness of subjective measures. In addition, to test the generalizability of the proposed framework as well as to inform urban renewal strategies, we compared the measured qualities in Pudong to other five renowned urban cores worldwide. Rather than predicting perceptual scores directly from generic image features using convolution neural network, our approach follows what urban design theory suggested and confirms various streetscape features affecting multi-dimensional human perceptions. Therefore, its result provides more interpretable and actionable implications for policymakers and city planners.

scholarly journals Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, housing construction in cities has been carried out at a high rate. Increasingly, urban abandoned and flooded depressive spaces near water bodies (often rivers), which were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used, are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. The restoration of such territories helps to improve the quality of urban space and improve its ecological properties. Correct development of territories near rivers and various water bodies has a great health-improving effect on the urban environment, improves its natural and climatic conditions. In addition, social and economic factors play an important role in this process, since such transformed territories and territories adjacent to them significantly increase investment attractiveness. This paper examines modern approaches to the development of urban public spaces, based on the formation of architectural environments that ensure the relationship of urban development with water bodies and adjacent territories. The paper notes that water bodies are not only an important component of the natural-ecological framework, but are also the basis for the framework of urban-planning natural-technogenic systems as a whole. And the creation of a continuous urban fabric is impossible without the organization of a ‘water’ line of development, provision of compositional, functional and communication interconnection of open urban and water spaces, which is actively being introduced today in architectural and urban planning practice. The paper examines the role of water bodies in the ecological system of the city, as well as in its structure as a whole. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the formation of a public urban space, to determine the patterns of its development, to identify criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of the impact of urbanization on a water body. Some principles of revitalization of coastal areas, as well as the creation of a system of publicly accessible, compositionally expressive spaces are considered. The principles of space transformation aimed at the formation of a holistic image of the city, as well as the impact of such a spatial arrangement of urban and water bodies on the safety and quality of the urban environment are considered.

THEODOR FISCHER: PLAN AND BUILDING REGULATIONS MUNICH 1904

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Vasily Filippov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The issues of preserving the urban planning heritage of Russian cities and the proposed methods of its preservation are discussed. The study of the morphology of Russian cities is presented as an example of a scientific approach to the description of the urban environment as a possible object for conservation. The history of the expansion plan and urban planning regulations for Munich, created by Theodor Fischer and based on the task of the morphology of urban space, adopted in 1904 and current for 75 years, regardless of the government in Germany, is described. The plan and regulations became the basis for the development of the city, its restoration after World War II and the preservation of its urban environment.

Aestheticization Through Representation of Power in Built Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-368
Author(s):  
Tugce Sanli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political History ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Representational Power

The concepts of power, aesthetics, and fear beyond the boundaries of art reveals tangible and intangible existence through urban space, and public space stands as the centre of attention due to its transforming meaning and spatiality reflecting the global-local thresholds of economic, political, and social compositions of different time periods. The research aims to unfold the layers of ‘power' that are capable of manifesting through built environment using state apparatuses, that is, urban planning, land-use changes, architecture, securitization, and pacification of symbolic and socially constructed meanings and connotations of particular urban spaces, each of which upholds its own aesthetic formation that is unstable, sensational, and perceptual. Turkey is chosen for its rich and yet complex social and political history as the case concentrating on Kızılay Square in Ankara due to its potential of reflecting a rich historical passage starting with a modernisation implication of a new capital to tyranny of forms of institutional, political, and representational power at display.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENT OF HISTORICAL AREAS OF CITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERACTIVE RECREATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. V. HNILOSKURENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
City Center ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Problem statement. In the modern urban planning practice of development of historical cities the role and potential of the city center are still insufficiently defined, features of its preservation and possible development are not revealed. In Ukraine, there is still no clear definition of the concept of “city center”, which does not contribute to the sustainable urban and architectural development of historic cities. Today there are different interpretations of such an urban category as “city center”. According to the researcher M. Bevz, the “city center” provides a rare opportunity to trace the millennial evolution of the urban planning system, which is rare in Ukraine. Some researchers believe that the city center is an important communication hub and a special space in which various functions of urban life are introduced, in all its evolution, modification, meanings and perceptions (O. Rybchynsky “Formation and revitalization of historical cities of Ukraine”). The author of the study considers it most appropriate to consider the concept of “city center” as identical to the concept of “historical core of the city”. Characteristics of the concept of “historic area of the city” appeared only in 2000 in the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Cultural Heritage” as part of the settlement, which preserved cultural heritage sites and related planning and form of construction that originate from previous periods of development, typical of certain crops or periods of development. One of the most important methods of preserving and properly modernizing the environment of historical areas should be considered “revalorization”, which contributes to the cultural value of the historic city center. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of the historical area as a basis for the formation of interactive recreation. Results. Implementation of revalorization into the theory and practice of domestic reconstruction of the urban environment on the basis of comprehensive and deep theoretical research, as well as ideas for improving and arranging urban space with a focus on successful foreign solutions for using the cultural potential of the central areas of historical cities in the system of interactive recreation. The city should be considered as a multifunctional phenomenon in the diversity of manifestations due to its general cultural and historical significance. In this context, the historic city center is a concentration of interactive communication between residents. Interactive communication is primarily an exchange of ideas for improving the urban environment and enhancing information exchange between people. In such interaction of people and environment of special importance acquires the reflection of human emotional reaction to the made architectural and town-planning environment with its historically formed “human” scale and richness of forms that in turn is necessary protective reaction of the modern person to “standardization” of new city building. The creation of interactive recreation based on the cultural potential of the historic areas of the city allows to form in these areas full-fledged interactive recreational spaces in the combination of existing and new buildings. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Due to the active growth of requirements for the quality and comfort of the urban space of the historic core of the city, the practical significance of the study is to study the historically formed substance of the city, its authenticity; preservation, revival and development of the historical image of the city center on the principles of revalorization. Today there is a need to find and develop methods of activating the environment, one of which is the creation of interactive recreation, which will help to adapt the city-forming and functional significance of their historic areas to new needs.

scholarly journals Facilitating Circular Economy in Urban Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Remøy ◽  
Alexander Wandl ◽  
Denis Ceric ◽  
Arjan Van Timmeren
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Management Options ◽  
First Results ◽  
Decision Environment ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Impact Simulations

A shift towards a more Circular Economy is crucial to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive built environment that meets future demands. Circular Economy is a promising concept for industry and society. If implemented well, Circular Economy can deliver environmental benefits and economic advantages for which innovation is essential. To achieve a resource-efficient built environment the Circular Economy should be developed and implemented systemically and on a large scale, going beyond cities. To realise this, local authorities, citizens, and other stakeholders need a collaborative and science-informed decision environment that allows for developing different waste and resource management options, and assessing their impacts on the environment, resilience, spatial quality and quality of life. The articles in this special issue all discuss different aspects of research to deliver solutions and strategies for a circular economy in urban planning throughout Europe, focusing on peri-urban locations. The first rticle introduces Living Labs as a methodology to co-create circular solutions and strategies with local stakeholders. The second article focuses on governance for the shift towards a Circular Economy, unravelling hindrances and revealing objectives, whereas the third article develops a means to transfer circular strategies and solutions from one location to another. The fourth article presents an open-source tool based on the geodesign approach which links the co-creation of design proposals to impact simulations informed by geographic contexts, systems thinking, and digital technology—the Geodesign Decision Support Environment. Finally, the fifth article presents the first results of incorporating the concept of Circular Economy in an integrative manner in urban design and planning courses.

scholarly journals The implementation of an urban plan - monitoring and evaluation in the case study of the detailed regulation plan for the reconstruction of four urban blocks in Vracar

Spatium ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dimitrijevic-Markovic ◽  
Natasa Danilovic-Hristic ◽  
Ana Graovac
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
The Past

Regulation plans have been implemented in Serbia over the past twenty years as the main operational instrument of planning. However, a general, systemic investigation of the effects of their implementation has failed. Because the elements of regulation and the rules for development and construction applied significantly affect the character of an urban space, the intention is to point out the need to establish procedures and criteria for regular evaluation of the built environment and the need to continuously re-examine planning attitudes. The input data for redefining the scope and shape of regulation can be obtained by analyzing the planning process and evaluating its results. The chosen case study encompasses the plan for four urban blocks in Vracar and includes the 15-year period since its adoption. The extent to which the Plan has met the set objectives from the point of view of urban planning and conservation will be investigated through an analysis of the results obtained in practice, while failures and possible improvements will be pointed out.

Urban Planning, Built Environment, and the Structure of Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-135
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
French Author ◽  
Planning Culture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Master Builder

This chapter analyzes a group of comics in which the large-scale machinations of urban planning culture have negatively impacted the life of city dwellers. Norwegian artist Hariton Pushwagner’s Soft City indulges in the social alienation that results from the linear monotony of the metropolis. The tyranny of urban planning is dramatized in Samaris by Belgian creators Benoît Peeters and François Schuiten. Dead Memory by French creator Marc-Antoine Mathieu takes the spontaneous appearance of walls in the city as an impetus to play with themes of spatial form, memory, and language loss. Two final comics juxtapose the top-down method of urban planning with the experience of the city’s built environment at the scale of the individual: Robert Moses: The Master Builder of New York City by French author and illustrator Pierre Christin and Olivier Balez and American Ben Katchor’s collection Cheap Novelties: The Pleasures of Urban Decay.

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