An Eco-Friendly Approach for the Eradication of Heavy Metal Contaminants by Nano-Bioremediation

Nanomaterials manifest distinct physical and chemical properties and have received much attention from researchers in different areas of environmental sciences, specifically in bioremediation. However, bioremediation may not always impart contrivable approaches when subjected to high concentrations of contaminants that are harmful to most microorganisms, which include heavy metals and salts. Nanotechnology on the other hand exhibits a number of potential environmental benefits such as treatment and remediation, pollution prevention, and sensing and detection of pollutants. Nanomaterials used towards bioremediation provide less-toxic effects on indigenous microorganisms and improve microbial biodegradation activity. Credibility of nanotechnology to cut down pollution is in its developing stage and could potentially revolutionize the field of environmental sustainability. Nano-bioremediation is a new emerging technique for remediation of pollutants using biosynthetic nanoparticles.

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Ecofriendly Application of Nanomaterials: Nanobioremediation

Journal of Nanoparticles ◽

10.1155/2014/431787 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Md. Rizwan ◽

Man Singh ◽

Chanchal K. Mitra ◽

Roshan K. Morve

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Environmental Sciences ◽

Time Consumption ◽

Toxic Materials ◽

Toxic Material ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Nanomaterials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties and, hence, they have received much attention from scientists and researchers in different areas of environmental sciences, specifically in bioremediation. Bioremediation provides a good clean-up strategy for some types of waste, but as it is expected, it will not be useful for all. For example, bioremediation may not provide a feasible strategy at sites with high concentrations of chemicals that are toxic to most microorganisms. These include heavy metals and salt. Further, the advancement in science and technology has increased standard of living which directly or indirectly contributes to the increase in waste and toxic material. Therefore, the remediation of contaminants by use of existing technology is not effective and efficient in cleaning up the environment. Hence, nanomaterials may be applied for bioremediation, which will not only have less toxic effect on microorganisms, but will also improve the microbial activity of the specific waste and toxic material which will reduce the overall time consumption as well as reduce the overall cost. In this paper we have briefly summarized the major types of nanomaterials that have been used so far in bioremediation of waste and toxic materials.

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On a new compound of chlorine and carbon

Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1815.0163 ◽

1833 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 153-153

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Acid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Glass Tube ◽

The Other ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Rock Crystal ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Green Glass ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The above substance was discovered by M. Julien, of Abo, in Finland, amongst the products arising out of the distillation of calcined sulphate of iron, with crude nitre in iron retorts. It forms white acicular crystals by sublimation, and when passed through a green glass tube containing red-hot rock crystal, it is decomposed with the deposition of charcoal and evolution of chlorine. It is not altered by repeated sublimations in chlorine. It was analysed by passing its vapour over red-hot oxide of copper, by which chloride of copper and carbonic acid gas were produced: the former was decomposed by nitrate of silver, and the proportion of chlorine estimated by that of chloride of silver formed. From this and other experiments, the authors conclude that this substance consists of one portion of chlorine and two of carbon: they failed in their endeavours to convert it into either of the other chlorides of carbon, to which, in its physical and chemical properties, it bears however a considerable resemblance.

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Topological Aspects of Boron Nanotubes

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/5729291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia-Bao Liu ◽

Hani Shaker ◽

Imran Nadeem ◽

Muhammad Hussain

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Electronic Properties ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Topological Indices ◽

The Other ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The degree-based topological indices are used to correlate the physical and chemical properties of a molecule with its chemical structure. Boron nanotubular structures are high-interest materials due to the presence of multicenter bonds and have novel electronic properties. These materials have some important issues in nanodevice applications like mechanical and thermal stability. Therefore, they require theoretical studies on the other properties. In this paper, we present certain degree-based topological indices such as ABC, the fourth ABC, GA, and the fifth GA indices for boron triangular and boron-α nanotubes.

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Assessment of marl properties effect on sediment and runoff rate at different rainfall intensity under field rainfall simulator

Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva ◽

10.2298/gsgd0904085h ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

S.H. Hosseini ◽

S. Feiznia ◽

H.R. Peyrovan

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Runoff Rate ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of physical and chemical properties of Marl's formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field rainfall simulator. For this purpose, first Marl's formations (Neocene's units) were separated to five units including Halite siltstone(NgSiH), Siltstone (NgSi), Mudstone (gy1C), Gypsum mudstone (gy1CG) and Halite clay stone (gy2CH), based on physical and chemical properties. Then runoff and sediment rates were determined in each unit at two intensities (30 and 60 mm/h) using rainfall simulator. Analysis of variance and Duncan's tests showed that Halite siltstone unit has produced the highest amount of runoff and sediment rates and then the runoff and sediment rates of other subunits in decreasing order are as follows: Siltstone, gy2CH, gylCG and gy1C are 5% significant level. The trend of induced runoff and sediment rates at different times showed that in Halite siltstone and Siltstone units the runoff amounts were fixed rapidly at 2nd ten minutes. And, on the other units, the runoff amounts were fixed at 3rd ten minutes and sediment yield was increased rapidly at 3rd ten minutes.

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Change in Properties of Bitumen Used for Road Construction in Bitumineral Mixtures

10.21741/9781644901755-32 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

K.G. Pugin

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Road Construction ◽

Softening Temperature ◽

Research Data ◽

The Other ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Premature destruction of asphalt concrete can be caused by the aging of bitumen, which is associated with a change in the physical and chemical properties of bitumen. The article shows that in most cases, the improvement of the characteristics of asphalt concrete is achieved through the introduction of additives that affect the basic properties of the bituminous binder, such as penetration, softening temperature, viscosity. The influence of the chemical composition of the mineral filler on the rate of bitumen aging has been experimentally proved. The obtained research data show that the increase in the rate of aging of bitumen is influenced by the compounds of silicon and aluminum. On the other hand, metals such as iron and titanium contribute to the preservation of the initial plasticity of bitumen, and the accumulation of asphaltenes in the structure of the bitumen-mineral mixture slows down.

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Marine-Derived Collagen as Biomaterials for Human Health

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.702108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Xu ◽

Xue-Liang Peng ◽

Hao-Ru Li ◽

Jia-Xuan Liu ◽

Ji-Si-Yu Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

The Other ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Fish Scales ◽

The One ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Collagen is a kind of biocompatible protein material, which is widely used in medical tissue engineering, drug delivery, cosmetics, food and other fields. Because of its wide source, low extraction cost and good physical and chemical properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, the application of collagen derived from terrestrial organisms is limited due to the existence of diseases, religious beliefs and other problems. Therefore, exploring a wider range of sources of collagen has become one of the main topics for researchers. Marine-derived collagen (MDC) stands out because it comes from a variety of sources and avoids issues such as religion. On the one hand, this paper summarized the sources, extraction methods and characteristics of MDC, and on the other hand, it summarized the application of MDC in the above fields. And on the basis of the review, we found that MDC can not only be extracted from marine organisms, but also from the wastes of some marine organisms, such as fish scales. This makes further use of seafood resources and increases the application prospect of MDC.

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Characterizations of Cement and Modern Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Different Waste Additives

10.5772/intechopen.100447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohanad S. Eid ◽

Hosam M. Saleh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Environmental Hazards ◽

Waste Utilization ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Modern Times ◽

Sustainable Concrete ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

This chapter provides a brief introduction to cement and concrete, from their first utilization in constructions and monuments in different civilizations to their development and use in modern times. It discusses the modern forms of these materials, their physical and chemical properties, and their various applications. The chapter also examines the sustainability of concrete mixed with different waste additives, which can impart desirable properties to concrete, as a promising way to reduce environmental hazards resulting from the landfilling of these wastes. In addition to environmental benefits, waste utilization has economic benefits as well.

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Effect of Dormex on `Roomy Red' Grape Vines (Vitis vinifera L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.516g ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 516G-517

Author(s):

Abdel Hameed M. Wassel

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Number Of Clusters ◽

Bud Opening ◽

Red Grape ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The present investigation was carried out during 1994 and 1995 seasons on `Roomy Red' grape vines cultivated in Minia and Beni Suef governates to study the effect of Dormex and/or overcropping on `Roomy Red' grape vines. Bud opening, number of clusters per vine, as well as the yield and its physical and chemical properties, were studied. Results indicated that Dormex overcame the irregularity of bud opening. At the same time, bud opening preceded the control by about 4 weeks. The percentage of bud opening, fruit set, as well as the number of clusters per vine, were increased. On the other hand, over-cropping had a vice versa effect on the previous parameters as compared with the control. Results also indicated that onion was of less effect than berseem in this concern.

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Correlation and modelling of the penetration and softening point tests of bitumen binders with a variety of physical and chemical properties

Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles ◽

10.2516/ogst/2021046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Marvy Girgis ◽

Jérémie Barbier ◽

Alain Quignard ◽

Isabelle Merdrignac ◽

João Marques

Keyword(s):

Softening Point ◽

Good Accuracy ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

H Nmr ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Studying bitumen has always posed a challenge to researchers owing to its extreme complexity and unique properties. To classify it commercially and to determine bitumen grade, two standard empirical tests have been adopted within the European standardized bitumen binders system [EN 12591:2009 (2009) Bitumen and bituminous binders – Specifications for paving grade bitumens]: Softening Point (SP) and Penetration (PEN). The relationship between these two tests and the physical or chemical properties of bitumen is not well understood. For the first time, this study represents an attempt to build more understanding of such a relationship through a comprehensive study of the correlation between the two standard tests and many physical and chemical properties of bitumen. A second goal is to propose some predictive models for these two tests and compare their predictive accuracy. Therefore, 13 Straight Run Vacuum Residues (SRVR) samples from different geographical origins were analyzed to measure the following parameters: Dynamic Viscosity (VisDy), Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR), C5 Asphaltenes Content (AspC5), C7 Asphaltenes Content (AspC7), Elemental Analysis (including C, H, O, N, S, Ni, and V content), Simulated Distillation (SD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR). Results of studying correlations using correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have emphasized the prominent effect of asphaltenes content on the other properties and the results of SP and PEN. It has also shown the potential importance of the aliphaticity/aromaticity of bitumen. Then, four models were proposed for the prediction of SP and PEN: viscosity, FT-IR, H-NMR, and multi-parameter models. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used for building all models, except viscosity ones. All SP models, except H-NMR model, exhibited very good accuracy compared to the standard method. On the other hand, PEN was more difficult to predict than SP and only the multi-parameter model of PEN showed relatively good accuracy of prediction.

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Physical Modification of Bentonite on the Salt Resistence Capacitiy

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.687 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 743-744 ◽

pp. 687-691

Author(s):

Zhi Ming Sun ◽

Yang Yang Huai ◽

Zhong Lei Dou ◽

Shui Lin Zheng

Keyword(s):

Double Layer ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

The Other ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Mineral Separation ◽

Physical Modification ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

A kind of bentonite composite with high salt resistance capacity was prepared using physical modification including physical mineral separation and doping porous non-metallic minerals. The results showed that through physical mineral separation, the content of montmorillonite and the salt resistance capacity increased substantially. The bentonite compsite sample doped by 5.0% diatomite showed better salt resistance capacity than the other compsite samples. The salt resistance mechanism was discussed through the double layer theory and physical and chemical properties of doped minerals.

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