Alkali-Silica. Reaction Of Foamed. Concrete Containing. Waste Glass as Aggregate

This research focused on examining Alkali-Silica. Reaction (ASR) of foamed concrete mixes containing1different1types of1crushed waste glass (CWG) with different chemical compositions. The reactivity was determined in sodium hydroxide solution by adopting mortar bar test. Four types of waste glass with different particle sizes and different percentages content were used. From the test results of recorded expansion of these mixes, it was noticed that the coarse glass resulted in more expansion than that of fine glass. Lead-silicate1glass (CR) exhibits the maximum expansion followed by1soda-lime1glass (SL) and boro-silicate glass (BS), while less expansion was recorded in mixes with green glass (GG). As compared to reference mix (FC), it was noted that the mixes with crushed waste glass (SL), (BS), and (CR) undergo notable expansion, while the expansion of the mixes with (GG) slightly increased compared to the reference mix (FC).

Eco-Friendly Innovation of Non-Fired Ceramic Tiles from Rice Husk Ash and Recycled Glass Cullet

The paper presents an experimental study on the production of non-fired ceramic tiles from rice husk ash (RHA) and green glass cullet (GGC) composites as a novel eco-friendly material. Eighteen mixture formulations were constructed as compared to control formula, specimens were uniaxially pressed at 10 MPa and then cured at room temperature for 7 and 28 days. Non-fired tiles (formula A4, B11, and C17) containing 20% GGC were mixed with 0%, 5%, and 10% RHA. The modulus of rupture can be increased by 87.23%, 48.8%, and 19.4%, respectively, at 28 days of curing as compared to control formula. These results were also coherent with microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, formula A4 and C17 were selected to compare energy costs with wall tiles fired at 950°C. They were the same amount of energy-saving costs by 5.19 USD/m2. From these results, the new eco-friendly products can produce with a combination of RHA and GGC wastes which can enhance the physical properties due to the pozzolanic reaction. Moreover, the proposed non-fired ceramic tiles can conserve energy and reduce manufacturing costs.

Ultra-light Colorless and Green Glass Foam Produced by Microwave Radiation

According to the research objective that was the basis of the paper, an ultra-light glass foam with an apparent density of 0.14 g/cm3 was experimentally made from 98.9% post-consumer glass bottle and 1% CaCO3 as a foaming agent by sintering/foaming at 823 ºC in microwave field with a very low specific energy consumption (0.70 kWh/kg). A very advanced mechanical processing of glass waste (below 32 μm) and a very fine granulation (below 6.3 μm) of CaCO3 were the solutions adopted to obtain this high-performance product. The originality of the work is the use of the unconventional technique of predominantly direct microwave heating with a very high energy efficiency, applied by authors in recent years and presented in several previous papers.

The Great 19th-Century Green Spectacle Craze

Long before mirrored sunglasses were adopted as a fashion in the 20th century, spectacles with dark green glass lenses were a popular fad in the 19th. We look at several examples, cited in the writings of famous authors of the period. Dark Green lenses were not only viewed as providing relief for bright light, were held to project a certain sophistication of appearance, and they had novelty value that made them popular. But why did dark glasses become such an affectation in the 19th century, and not earlier? What did it suggest?

Information method for control of green glass production

Objectives. The technological process for the production of sheet glass by the float method is continuous and large-scale. Most European cars (up to 90%) are factory-tinted green; the bulk of the glass is painted in the desired color during the production process. The introduction of modern information technologies and digitalization has opened up opportunities for a significant increase in the efficiency of glass production. Accounting for the amount of drawn and cut glass allows you to evaluate an important indicator of the production work—the glass utilization rate, which determines the percentage of quality glass in the total output. The yield of the quality glass depends on the technological waste in the production process. To assess the effect of waste arising at the production stages on the glass utilization rate, an analysis of the statistical data of the float line operation was carried out. These statistical data differ from the normal law of probability distribution, which limits the use of traditional statistical control methods. Regression models do not always give an accurate mathematical description of the process since the variance of the conditional mathematical expectation of the output variable relative to the input is not a consistent characteristic of the relationship between the input and output variables. The purpose of this work is to study the application of information modeling theory for the analysis and control of the technological process of green glass production in terms of its utilization rate.Methods. The technique of modeling technological chains has some peculiarities with that for operations modeling. It analyzes operations to identify possible information links between parameters. Thus, the process of obtaining the utilization rate of green glass in the production process can be followed. This study analyzes the influence of the paired and triple interactions of waste on the process of affording the utilization rate of glass at the stages of green glass production.Results. Information modeling of the technological process of affording the utilization rate of green glass in the production process has been carried out. Informational analysis results in a conclusion about the sufficiency of the control of the utilization rate of green glass in the production process according to informatively related parameters—waste at the stages of glass melting, annealing, and flanging.Conclusions. The selected method of information control of the glass utilization rate can be used in quality management systems in the production of green glass by the float method.

AN EXCEPTIONAL CUT BEAKER OF EMERALD-GREEN GLASS FROM THE CHERNYAKHOV CULTURE SETTLEMENT OF KOMAROV ON THE MIDDLE DNIESTER: GLASS COMPOSITION, RAW MATERIALS AND ORIGIN

В статье рассмотрен неординарный состав толстостенного шлифованного кубка второй половины IV - начала V в., изготовленного из темно-зеленого стекла. Он отличается от синхронных аналогий из ареала черняховской культуры и с территории римских провинций. При этом он наиболее близок составу аналогичного по цвету стекла сосудов I в. н. э. Предположительно, при изготовлении этого кубка было вторично использовано стекло сосудов более раннего периода. Наиболее вероятным местом производства кубка представляются европейские провинции Римской империи; при этом нельзя исключить мастерские, расположенные за римским лимесом, на варварской территории. The paper reviews an unusual composition of a thick-walled facet cut beaker dating to the second half of the 4 - early 5 centuries which is made from emerald green glass. It differs from contemporary analogies coming from the Chernyakhov culture area and the Roman provinces. The closest composition has been identified for the glass of vessels of similar color dating to the 1 century AD. Presumably, the glass of earlier vessels was recycled to fabricate the discussed beaker. European provinces of the Roman Empire appear to be the most likely place where this beaker was made; yet the workshops located beyond the Roman limes in the areas inhabited by the barbarians cannot be excluded either.

THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF GREEN GLASS POWDER ON THE STRENGTH OF CONE BLOCK PRESSING

<p class="abstract">At this time the manufacture of products using waste has been developed. One of them is a cone block. In this study, the addition of green glass powder material will be carried out in order to determine the effect on the quality of the cone block. The addition of green glass powder aims to determine the difference in compressive strength against the conventional model cone block. The silica content contained in green glass powder is in the form of pozzolanic substances, a substance in the form of a cement-like content and can replace cement. This study modified the cone block with a mixture of green glass powder from a percentage of 8%, 10% and 15%.</p>Penbased on previous research which states that the addition of more than 10% silica will affect the cone block structure. Tests carried out on cone blocks, namely the compressive strength test. The results of the cone block research on the compressive strength test, in general, the mixed cone block of 8%, 10% and 15% compressive strength decreased due to the slowing of the binding process due to the reduction of the cement element except for the cone block aged 14 days with a mixture percentage of 8% which had an increase.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Preparation and Characterization of Green Glass Ceramic from Rice Husk Ash as a Matrix

Powder metallurgy technique were proved successful net-shape technology which suitable for the production of green glass ceramic (GGC) from rice husk ash (RHA) and characterized by good physical and mechanical properties of glass ceramic. In this research, the glass sample was formed by mixing varying percentage of weight of silica, flux and additives. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the sintering temperature to the physical and mechanical properties of GGC. The samples were mixed in different volume fraction of additives which is 5%, 10% and 15% in constant composition of RHA and flux. The mixture was consolidated into rigid die compaction at 300MPa, then sintered at 450, 550 and 750°C. Vickers hardness test were investigated. The glass composite were then characterize by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The GGC with 10% additives at sintering temperature 550°C shows highest hardness strength which is about 213.0 HV.

Eco-Friendly Fired Clay Tiles with Greenish and Greyish Colored Incorporating Alternative Recycled Waste Materials

This research intended to investigate the influence of rice husk ash (RHA), green glass cullet (GGC) and local white clay (LWC) in Thailand on the physical properties of fired clay tiles. Utilization of RHA and GGC were the main objectives. Proportion of RHA varying from 10-60% by weight was conducted. Specimens of mixture formulation were sintered at 950 °C. The results revealed that the formula no. A7 containing 70% GGC and 30% LWC can develop greenish color. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was carried out to characterize microstructure and found the glassy phase in fired specimen. Moreover, nepheline (Na2Al2Si2O8) and wollastonite (CaSiO3) were detected by the X-ray diffraction technique. These phases can promote the strength of fired clay tiles. Meanwhile, the specimen of formula no. B13 comprising 60% GGC, 30% LWC and 10% RHA can develop the mullite phase (3Al2O32SiO2). Effect of utilizing RHA in this formula can develop greyish color of ceramic tiles. Physical properties of formula no. A7 and B13 can achieve 30.15, 24.54 MPa of bending strength and 1.91, 11.72% of water absorption. They all can pass Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555). The result of this study can be employed to manufacture environmentally friendly fired clay tiles.