Secured Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Ahona Ghosh ◽  
Chiung Ching Ho ◽  
Robert Bestak
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless sensor networks consist of unattended small sensor nodes having low energy and low range of communication. It has been observed that if there is any system to periodically start and stop the sensors sensing activities, then it saves some energy, and thus, the network lifetime gets extended. According to the current literature, security and energy efficiency are the two main concerns to improve the quality of service during transmission of data in wireless sensor networks. Machine learning has proved its efficiency in developing efficient processes to handle complex problems in various network aspects. Routing in wireless sensor network is the process of finding the route for transmitting data among different sensor nodes according to the requirement. Machine learning has been used in a broad way for designing energy efficient routing protocols, and this chapter reviews the existing works in the said domain, which can be the guide to someone who wants to explore the area further.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks and its Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4024-4027
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Wireless sensor network consists of various sensor nodes connected through wireless media. Sensor nodes are tiny devices having lesser energy capabilities. Sensor nodes are either ad-hoc or mobile in their environment. Wireless sensor network route of transmission media is discovered by routing protocols and responsible for secure communication between sensor nodes. Energy is a precious resource of sensor nodes, and the entire lifetime of WSNs is depending on the energy capability of the sensor nodes. The fundamental problem is how to organize topology of WSN for deployed sensor nodes with lesser power consumption as possible. Major problems in wireless sensor networks which consume extra energy are interference, control message overhead, packet delay, unnecessary transmission, and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, energy efficient techniques are needed to overcome these problems. Hierarchical routing is the best routing method for finding optimal path between sensor nodes which enhance the lifetime of the network. This paper focuses towards various hierarchical energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks and analyzes various features of WSN that should consider during designing of routing protocols.

scholarly journals Energy-efficient genetic algorithm variants of PEGASIS for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaqil Somauroo ◽  
Vandana Bassoo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Delay Performance

Due to its boundless potential applications, Wireless Sensor Networks have been subject to much research in the last two decades. WSNs are often deployed in remote environments making replacement of batteries not feasible. Low energy consumption being of prime requisite led to the development of energy-efficient routing protocols. The proposed routing algorithms seek to prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes in the relatively unexplored area of 3D WSNs. The schemes use chain-based routing technique PEGASIS as basis and employ genetic algorithm to build the chain instead of the greedy algorithm. Proposed schemes will incorporate an energy and distance aware CH selection technique to improve load balancing. Clustering of the network is also implemented to reduce number of nodes in a chain and hence reduce delay. Simulation of our proposed protocols is carried out for homogeneous networks considering separately cases for a static base-station inside and outside the network. Results indicate considerable improvement in lifetime over PEGASIS of 817% and 420% for base station inside and outside the network respectively. Residual energy and delay performance are also considered.

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasaki Ponnusamy ◽  
Azween Abdullah ◽  
Alan G. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
New Perspective

This research presents a survey of energy efficient routing protocols in sensor network by categorizing into a main classification as architecture based routing. Architecture based routing is further classified into two main areas: flat or location based routing protocol, and hierarchical based routing protocols. Flat based routing is more suitable when a huge number of sensor nodes are deployed, and location based routing is employed when nodes are aware of their location. Hierarchical routing look into alternative approach by placing intermediate nodes in terms of cluster heads, gateway nodes, or mobile entities for efficient handling of energy. The survey is presented in order to highlight the advantage of hierarchical based routing, mainly the deployment of mobility routing. As not many surveys have been conducted in mobility based routing, this chapter can be helpful for looking into a new perspective and paradigm of energy efficient routing protocols.

A Comprehensive Review of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Nayyar ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have always been a hot area of researchers for finding more solutions towards making WSN network more energy efficient and reliable. Energy efficient routing is always a key challenging task to enhance the network lifetime and balance energy among the sensor nodes. Various solutions have been proposed in terms of energy efficient routing via protocol development, various techniques have also been incorporated like Genetic Algorithm, Swarm Intelligence etc. The main aim of this research paper to study all the routing protocols which are energy efficient and are based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). This paper also highlights the pros and cons of each of routing protocol which has been developed on lines of Energy Efficiency and has also been compared among one another to find which protocol outwits one another. Further, we conclude that Swarm Intelligence being a novel and bio-inspired field has contributed as well as contributing much in the area of improving routing issues of sensor networks.

scholarly journals A Distributed Heuristic Algorithm for Delay Constrained Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thua Trong Huynh ◽  
Hung Cong Tran ◽  
Vu Duc Anh Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Heuristic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
End To End Delay

Besides energy restriction, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) should be able to provide bounded end-to-end delay when they are used to support real-time applications such as early forest fire alarm systems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding the least energy consumption route subject to a delay constraint with low computational complexity in such networks. Based on the distance-vector routing approach, which has less computational complexity and message overhead, we propose a distributed heuristic algorithm called Delay Constrained Energy Efficient Routing (DCEER) in order to minimize the total energy consumption while meeting the end-to-end delay requirement. DCEER only requires a moderate amount of information at each sensor node and does not suffer from the excessive running time. We prove that our proposed algorithm always finishes within a finite time and the computation complexity is only O(n), where n is a divisor of the number of sensor nodes. By mathematical proof and simulation, we verify that DCEER is suitable for large-scale WSNs because the number of messages exchanged between sensor nodes are represented by a polynomial function. Furthermore, we evaluate our proposal to compare its performance with related protocols.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Nakas ◽  
Dionisis Kandris ◽  
Georgios Visvardis
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are among the most emerging technologies, thanks to their great capabilities and their ever growing range of applications. However, the lifetime of WSNs is extremely restricted due to the delimited energy capacity of their sensor nodes. This is why energy conservation is considered as the most important research concern for WSNs. Radio communication is the utmost energy consuming function in a WSN. Thus, energy efficient routing is necessitated to save energy and thus prolong the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, numerous protocols for energy efficient routing in WSNs have been proposed. This article offers an analytical and up to date survey on the protocols of this kind. The classic and modern protocols presented are categorized, depending on i) how the network is structured, ii) how data are exchanged, iii) whether location information is or not used, and iv) whether Quality of Service (QoS) or multiple paths are or not supported. In each distinct category, protocols are both described and compared in terms of specific performance metrics, while their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the study findings are discussed, concluding remarks are drawn, and open research issues are indicated.

A Comprehensive Review of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 277-299
Author(s):  
Anand Nayyar ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have always been a hot area of researchers for finding more solutions towards making WSN network more energy efficient and reliable. Energy efficient routing is always a key challenging task to enhance the network lifetime and balance energy among the sensor nodes. Various solutions have been proposed in terms of energy efficient routing via protocol development, various techniques have also been incorporated like Genetic Algorithm, Swarm Intelligence etc. The main aim of this research paper to study all the routing protocols which are energy efficient and are based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). This paper also highlights the pros and cons of each of routing protocol which has been developed on lines of Energy Efficiency and has also been compared among one another to find which protocol outwits one another. Further, we conclude that Swarm Intelligence being a novel and bio-inspired field has contributed as well as contributing much in the area of improving routing issues of sensor networks.

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