Drone Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-384
Author(s):  
Marc Lacoste ◽  
David Armand ◽  
Fanny Parzysz ◽  
Loïc Ferreira ◽  
Ghada Arfaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Security Market ◽  
Technical Design ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the security challenges of the drone ecosystem. Drones raise significant security and safety concerns, both design-time and run-time (e.g., supply-chain, technical design, standardization). Two broad classes of threats are considered, on drones and using drones (e.g., to attack critical infrastructures or vehicles). They involve both professional and non-professional drones and lead to various types of attacks (e.g., IoT-type vulnerabilities, GPS spoofing, spying, kinetic attacks). Trade-offs involving hardware and software solutions to meet efficiency, resource limitations, and real-time constraints are notably hard to find. So far, protection solutions remain elementary compared to the impact of attacks. Advances in technologies, new use cases (e.g., enhancing network connectivity), and a regulatory framework to overcome existing barriers are decisive factors for sustainable drone security market growth.

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreak: implications on healthcare operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higor Leite ◽  
Claire Lindsay ◽  
Maneesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Healthcare Operations ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is considered a major disruptive event of this decade, raising unforeseen socio-economic implications worldwide. This novel virus has increased the influx of patients in hospitals, and healthcare organisations are facing unprecedented constraints in their operations to deal with increased demand and pressed capacity. Thus, this article evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems' demand, resources and capacity and provides research directions.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint article and uses timely information on healthcare operations from both scholars and managers, published by diverse sources during the COVID-19 outbreak.FindingsThe authors discuss the focus on “flattening the curve of infection” as a measure to protect healthcare, delay the impact of increased demand and reorientate healthcare supply chain practices. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the role of lean practices on managing demand and capacity and improving quality across healthcare operations and supply chain. Finally, the authors suggest research directions on modern operational issues that emerged during this pandemic, such as discussions around the sustainability of lean post-pandemic, “just in time” practices, inventory trade-offs and lack of organisational responsiveness during untenable events.Originality/valueIn this article, the authors provide a contemporary assessment of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare operations, underscoring main economic and operational elements that can be affected, such as unforeseen demand, resources and capacity shortage. Therefore, the authors assess that healthcare organisations, practitioners and governments have to anticipate operational and economic impacts and, ultimately, to reassess their plans to deal with such adverse events.

scholarly journals Rewiring Strategy Based on Directed Betweenness to Mitigate Disruptions of Large-Scale Supply Chain Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hui Xia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
The Impact

In current large-scale supply chain networks, unexpected disruptions degrade the supply availability and network connectivity for modern enterprises. How to improve the robustness of supply chain networks is very important for modern enterprises. In this paper, we explore how to improve the robustness of supply chain networks from a topological perspective. Firstly, through the empirical data-driven study, we show that the directed betweenness metric is more suitable than the other topological metrics in evaluating the robustness of supply chain networks. Then, we propose a rewiring algorithm based on directed betweenness to improve network robustness under the impact of disruptions. The experimental results in the large-scale supply chain network show that the rewiring algorithm based on directed betweenness effectively improves the network robustness.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical cold chain and novel technological tools: a systematic review

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Giset N. Montoya M. ◽  
Orlando Fontes Lima Jr. ◽  
Antonio G. N. Novaes ◽  
Jose Benedito S. Santos Jr. ◽  
Jaime A.C. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
The Impact

The pharmaceutical cold chain (PCC) deals with specific logistics operational require-ments related to product quality, safety, and regulations that make the supply chain management process complex. Also, the pharma industry market growth increases the awareness, in terms of good's temperature monitoring and controlling, of the storage and transportation processes across the network. This study provides a novel approach to PCC, based on a systematic literature review with an extensive analysis of the main aspects that influence the supply chain processes. The major findings highlight the recently worldwide research progress on the PCC subjects related, the challenges involving the PCC and its associated technological advances based on three attributes (product characteristics, vehicle capabilities, and logistics service provider’s expertise) and, finally, the impact of technologies and its potential utilization to im-prove the decision-making process on integrated cold chain operations.  

Stochastic User Equilibrium Model with Implicit Travel Time Budget Constraint

2008 ◽  
Vol 2085 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony E. Smith ◽  
Chao-Che Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Ling Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Travel Time Budget ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Although time constraints on travel behavior have been widely recognized, little effort has been made to incorporate such constraints into the traditional stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) framework. The major objective of this research is to fill this gap by incorporating travel time constraints into the SUE model by means of a nonlinear perceived travel time function. This modified model, designated the travel time budget model, focuses primarily on discretionary travel behavior (such as shopping trips) and hence also allows the possibility of deferring travel decisions by incorporating an additional choice alternative designated the shop-less-frequently alternative. This model is compared with the traditional SUE model by using a simulated travel scenario on a test network designed to reflect a practical planning situation. The simulation shows that when attractiveness levels are increased by the introduction of a new shopping opportunity, the presence of travel time constraints can lead to significantly smaller predicted travel volumes than those of the traditional SUE model. More important, it shows that the overall pattern of travel can be quite different. In particular, travel to the shopping destination with enhanced attractiveness can actually decrease for some origin locations. The findings suggest that when an attempt is made to evaluate the impact of planning alternatives on future traffic patterns, it is vital to consider not only the cost of time itself but also the time trade-offs between travel and other human activities.

scholarly journals A Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach for Conducting Trade-off Analysis: Morocco’s Phosphate Industry in the Khouribga Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Amjad T Assi ◽  
Bassel T. Daher ◽  
Fatima E. Mengoub ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Dynamic Management ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Phosphate Industry ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The aim of the study is to apply the Nexus approach for conducting trade-off analysis between industrial and agricultural area, thus we developed Water-Energy-Food Nexus-Phosphate (WEF-P) Tool based on integrating the supply chain processes, transportation, and water-energy footprints. This study evaluated the impact of phosphate industry on regional water, energy, and food in Khouribga, the representative phosphate mining area of Morocco using the developed WEF-P Tool. To address the potential impacts on the water supply in agricultural areas, the field data of processes (from mining to transportation) were collected and applied to possible supply chain scenarios according to type of product (phosphate rock, slurry). Analysis of positive impacts of dynamic management suggest seasonal management of phosphate production to allow less phosphate production during the irrigation season (increasing available water for agriculture) and greater phosphate production during wetter seasons (when water demand for agricultural production is less). Additionally, the transport of raw phosphate as slurry through a pipeline increases the total water required to 34.6 million m3. This is a 76 % increase over the business as usual scenario (BAU)). The shift to slurry also produces an energy savings of nearly 80 % over BAU, which requires 204.0 million litre of fossil fuel, as compared to only 40.5 million litre needed for slurry transport. During May to July, the dry or water scarce season when irrigation is needed, total ground water use decreased from 5.8 to 5.2 million m3. Dynamic management of the phosphate industry can also save 143 MWh of electricity annually, accompanied with a reduction of 117 tons of CO2 emissions. In a changing climate, making water available at the right time and place requires analysis of complex scientific, technical, socio-economical, regulatory, and political issues. The WEF-P Tool can be used to assess user-created scenarios, offering a management-decision aid to effectively ensure more sustainable management of limited resources and increased reliability of water resources for both agricultural and industrial use. This study on the application of WEF Nexus to the Phosphate industry can be a roadmap for other industrial application where trade-offs between the primary resources exist.

scholarly journals Application of Agent Based Simulation to analyze the impact of tax policy on soybean supply chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Viégas De Rosis ◽  
Marco Aurélio De Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Behavioral Validation ◽  
The Impact

This work seeks to explore and demonstrate the use of Agent Based Simulations (ABS) in modelling and simulating supply chains. Such methodology was applied to develop a model to evaluate the impact of current tax policies in soy supply chain in Brazil. The model brought interesting insights on how the country’s current tax structure induces logistics and tributary trade-offs, therefore generating a suboptimal grain distribution. This is accomplished by going through the conception and implementation of an Agent Based Model. First there is the definition and delimitation of the main agents acting upon soy’s supply chain, such as producers, trader and consumers. Those agents then have their behaviors studied and translated into programable patterns. Finally, the model considers the environmental interactions with the mentioned players, including the effects of infrastructure capacities, transportation costs, storage costs and tax legislation. After quantitative and behavioral validation, the simulation is then able to mimic the actual allocation of corn, soy and soymeal productions in their respective supply chains. This would allow inferring how the system could work in different tax conditions, thus quantifying the tributary impact in terms of congestions, idle infrastructure and delays. The analysis of such results points out that a path dependant tax system may induce agents to opt for inefficient logistic solutions, if such alternatives are cheaper when taking taxes into account. From those simulations it is possible to conclude that there are opportunities for supply chain efficiency gains in the design of a new tax policy.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Taxes in Cross-Border Supply Chain Modeling: Themes, Tax Types and New Trade-Offs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-46
Author(s):  
Dong Mu ◽  
Huanyu Ren ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Tax Policies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Tax ◽  
The Impact

The e-commerce platforms have facilitated the information flow of cross-border supply chain (CBSC) and attracted a wide range of companies and individuals to participate in cross-border businesses. The tax costs associated with cross-border commodity flow have received unprecedented attention. However, there is a lack of common platforms between international tax planners and CBSC optimizers, and the impact of various tax policies on CBSC operations is still unclear. To fill this gap, this study presents a literature review to elaborate on the interface between taxes and CBSC operations. First, a literature collection approach is constructed, and 71 pertinent publications are identified. Then, a four-dimensional categorization consisting of supply chain themes, research methodologies, tax types, and illustration types was designed to classify and summarize the research content of the selected articles. The results show that (1) there are six main supply chain-related themes, i.e., the supply chain network, the distribution channel structure, product quantity and quality, production outsourcing, the procurement mode, and supply chain emissions, that are significantly affected by taxes. (2) Four types of taxes, including the corporate income tax (CIT), tariffs, environmental taxes and the value-added tax (VAT), have obvious impacts on CBSC operations. (3) Four mainstream methodologies, i.e., mathematical models, empirical models, conceptual models and simulation models, have been applied to explore the tax effects in CBSC modeling. (4) The tax-saving opportunities in CBSC operations mainly come from the following five areas: CIT rate gaps in different regions, special tax regulations such as the tax cross-credit principle and arm’s length principle, regional trade agreements (RTAs), preferential tax policies and export VAT rebate policy. Finally, this research provides a framework to analyze the trade-offs between taxes and traditional CBSC modeling factors. The results can support enterprises in CBSC in dealing with the complex international tax policies.

scholarly journals A Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach for conducting trade-off analysis: Morocco's phosphate industry in the Khouribga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4727-4741
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Amjad T. Assi ◽  
Bassel Daher ◽  
Fatima E. Mengoub ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Dynamic Management ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Phosphate Industry ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The study objective was to develop and use the Water-Energy-Food Nexus Phosphate (WEF-P) Tool to evaluate the impact of Morocco's phosphate industry on water, energy, and food sectors of Khouribga, which is the representative phosphate mining region of Morocco. The developed WEF-P Tool enabled a trade-off analysis based on integrating supply-chain processes, transportation, and water–energy footprints of the region. Field data from the mining to transportation processes were collected and applied to possible supply-chain scenarios in accordance with the type of product (phosphate rock and slurry). The potential impacts of the scenarios were considered in terms of the water supply in the agricultural areas. The analysis of the positive impacts of dynamic management suggests that seasonal management of phosphate production (less during the irrigated season, more during wetter or rainier seasons) is more effective. Additionally, while the transport of raw phosphate slurry through a pipeline increased the total water required to 34.6×106 m3, which is an increase of 76 % over the “business as usual” (BAU) scenario, it also resulted in an energy savings of nearly 80 % over BAU: slurry transport requires only 40.5×106 L of fossil fuel instead of the 204×106 L required to transport rocks. During the dry or “water-scarce” irrigation season (May to July), total groundwater use decreased from 5.8×106 to 5.2×106 m3. Dynamic management of the phosphate industry can also save 143 MWh (megawatt-hour) of electricity annually and can bring a reduction of 117 t of CO2 emissions. Making water available at the correct season and location requires analysis of complex scientific, technical, socioeconomic, regulatory, and political issues. The WEF-P Tool can assist by assessing user-created scenarios; thus, it is an effective management-decision aid for ensuring more sustainable use of limited resources and increased reliability of water resources for both agricultural and industrial use. This study on the applications of WEF Nexus to the phosphate industry offers a roadmap for other industrial application for which trade-offs between the primary resources must be considered.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

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