The Standardization Process in IT - Too Slow or Too Fast?

Information Technology Standards and Standardization ◽

10.4018/978-1-878289-70-4.ch003 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Petri Mahonen

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Multimedia Systems ◽

Wireless Multimedia ◽

Mobile Telecommunication ◽

Development Costs ◽

Standardization Process ◽

One Year ◽

Technological World ◽

Single Part

Information Technology is one of the most rapidly developing areas in the technological world. In fact, the classical information technology that has been based on computer technology is now very quickly converging with telecommunication. Wireless networking, especially mobile telecommunications, has been one of the leading areas in business and technology during the last five years. The state-of-the art in mobile telecommunication has reached a point, where new products are introduced within a cycle of one year. The next big step shall be the introduction of wireless multimedia services through next generation wireless networks. The standardization of wireless multimedia systems is a very difficult task, as the standards shall include the crucial points in the two domains, telecommunications and information technology. It is becoming more and more difficult to recruit enough expertise for the technical committees to produce high quality standards in the converging information technology and telecommunication market domain. In this chapter, we will be using this domain as an example for the standardization difficulties of future. The reasons have to be strong for initiating a standardization process, especially concerning industry, due to the fact that it is rather expensive to produce new and extensive standards. It has been estimated that the expenses of developing a single part of the Ethernet standards amount to approx. $10,000,000 (Spring & Weiss, 1994). The main development costs arise from the time, travel and salaries of the committee members. The standardization expenses are usually prohibitive for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). If the standardization organizations and committees can not guarantee that the investments done towards standardization are worthwhile we will have lots of problems in the future.

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Ecologies of Meaning

Media International Australia ◽

10.1177/1329878x9808900105 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gary Warner ◽

Ross Gibson

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Multimedia Systems ◽

Data Systems ◽

The Public ◽

Standard Information

Museums and ‘interpreted’ public spaces have become important sites for the deployment of new multimedia systems. Given that these locations areimbued with historical, architectural and aesthetic complexities, it is becoming ever more apparent that standard information technology approaches to data systems are inadequate to the tasks of evoking and interpreting such sites. For 20 years now, Gary Warner has worked to introduce lucidity and nuance into the public deployment of multimedia. His work at the Australian Film Commission, the Museum of Sydney, and more recently as Director of CDP Media has led him to understand that he is practising a kind of electronic ecology. He discusses this idea — and many others — with Ross Gibson.

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Low Power Digital Multimedia Telecommunication Designs

VLSI Design ◽

10.1155/2001/43078 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 301-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koon-Shik Cho ◽

Jun-Dong Cho

Keyword(s):

Motion Estimation ◽

Low Power ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Matched Filter ◽

Optimization Technique ◽

Low Power Design ◽

Multimedia Systems ◽

Wireless Multimedia ◽

Design Constraint ◽

Power Capability

The increasing prominence of wireless multimedia systems and the need to limit power capability in very-high density VLSI chips have led to rapid and innovative developments in low-power design. Power reduction has emerged as a significant design constraint in VLSI design. The need for wireless multimedia systems leads to much higher power consumption than traditional portable applications. This paper presents possible optimization technique to reduce the energy consumption for wireless multimedia communication systems. Four topics are presented in the wireless communication systems subsection which deal with architectures such as PN acquisition, parallel correlator, matched filter and channel coding. Two topics include the IDCT and motion estimation in multimedia application.These topics consider algorithms and architectures for low power design such as using hybrid architecture in PN acquisition, analyzing the algorithm and optimizing the sample storage in parallel correlator, using complex matched filter that analog operational circuits controlled by digital signals, adopting bit serial arithmetic for the ACS operation in viterbi decoder, using CRC to adaptively terminate the SOVA iteration in turbo decoder, using codesign in RS codec, disabling the processing elements as soon as the distortion values become great than the minimum distortion value in motion estimation, and exploiting the relative occurrence of zero-valued DCT coefficient in IDCT.

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A low power architecture for wireless multimedia systems: lessons learned from building a power hog

Proceedings of 1996 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design ◽

10.1109/lpe.1996.542725 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W. Mangione-Smith ◽

P.S. Ghang ◽

S. Nazareth ◽

P. Lettieri ◽

W. Boring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Multimedia Systems ◽

Wireless Multimedia ◽

Power Architecture

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IS IT A THREAT OR AN OPPORTUNITY BASED ON ITS LEGAL PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY?

Journal of Information System and Technology Management ◽

10.35631//jistm.620001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (20) ◽

pp. 01-09

Author(s):

Mark Louis ◽

Angelina Anne Fernandez ◽

Nazura Abdul Manap ◽

Shamini Kandasamy ◽

Sin Yee Lee

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Information Technology ◽

Criminal Liability ◽

Legal Person ◽

Human Intelligence ◽

Legal Research ◽

Legal Personality ◽

The World ◽

Technological World ◽

The Impact

Information technology is taking the world by storm. The technological world is changing rapidly and drastically. Human activities are taken over by robots and computers. The usage of computers and robots has increased productivity in various sectors. The emergence of artificial intelligence has stirred up many debates on both its importance and limitations. Artificial intelligence is directed to the usage of Information Technology in conducting tasks that normally require human intelligence. The expectation of artificial intelligence is high, nevertheless, artificial intelligence has its shortcomings namely the impact of artificial intelligence on the concept of a legal personality. The problem with artificial Intelligence is the debate on whether does it have a legal personality? And another problem is under what situation does the law treat artificial intelligence as an entity with its own rights and obligations. The objective of this article is to examine the various definitions of legal personality and whether artificial intelligence can become a legal person. The article will also examine the criminal liability of artificial intelligence when a crime has been committed. The methodology adopted is qualitative namely Doctrinal Legal Research by analyzing the relevant legal views from various journals on artificial intelligence. The study found out that artificial intelligence has its limitations in defining its legal personality and also in examining the criminal liability when a crime has been committed by robots.

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The Auditors' (Potential) Role in the Standardization Process for Information Technology

An Analysis of the Information Technology Standardization Process ◽

10.1016/b978-0-444-87390-3.50032-3 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 215-226

Author(s):

Hart J. Will

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Potential Role ◽

Standardization Process

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An Analysis of the Information Technology Standardization Process

10.1016/c2009-0-08654-1 ◽

1990 ◽

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Standardization Process ◽

Technology Standardization

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The Implementation of Electronic Network Systems in Japanese Firms

Modern Organizations in Virtual Communities ◽

10.4018/978-1-931777-16-2.ch020 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 238-248

Author(s):

Toshio Mitsufuji

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Local Area Network ◽

Research Work ◽

Implementation Process ◽

Local Area ◽

Multimedia Systems ◽

Area Network ◽

Large Firms ◽

Network Systems ◽

Electronic Network

This study aims at investigating the implementation process of electronic network systems in Japanese large firms, focusing on the innovativeness among industries to which firms belong. The electronic network systems such as Local Area Network (LAN) have spread rapidly during last several years. Accordingly, many firms in Japan have introduced them in their organizations. After the advent of the computer invention, computer and telecommunications technologies have merged into information technology, making a remarkable progress constantly for several decades. The electronic network systems are a kind of information technology, going back to 1950s when data communications systems were first developed. In the beginning were these systems managed by professional people. However, due to the rapid progress of the information technology, even untrained people who have no specific knowledge about IT or do not belong to the IT section have been able to use the electronic network systems in business organizations since the late 1980s. In addition, especially with the appearance of multimedia systems and the expansion of the usage of Internet, many organizations have begun introducing electronic network systems since 1990s. For this study, we sent questionnaires in 1996 to Japanese large firms in which they employed more than 1000 people. Based on the results and the interviews made in connection with this research work, we analyze first the state of the introduction of the electronic network systems, focusing on the innovativeness of firms. Next, we examine why the electronic network systems have come into wide use among Japanese large firms.

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Ethics and the Systematic Character of Modern Technology

Techné Research in Philosophy and Technology ◽

10.5840/techne19983419 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 160-169

Author(s):

Sytse Strijbos ◽

Keyword(s):

Complex System ◽

Information Technology ◽

Human Life ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Everyday Lives ◽

Systematic Character ◽

Human Responsibility ◽

Technological World ◽

Material Artifacts ◽

Us Technology

A distinguishing feature of today’s world is that technology has built the house in which humanity lives. More and more, our lives are lived within the confines of its walls. Yet this implies that technology entails far more than the material artifacts surrounding us. Technology is no longer simply a matter of objects in the hands of individuals; it has become a very complex system in which our everyday lives are embedded. The systemic character of modern technology confronts us with relatively new questions and dimensions of human responsibility. Hence this paper points out the need for exploring systems ethics as a new field of ethics essential for managing our technological world and for transforming it into a sane and healthy habitat for human life. Special attention is devoted to the introduction of information technology, which will continue unabated into coming decades and which is already changing our whole world of technology.

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The framing of Australian childcare policy problems and their solutions

Critical Social Policy ◽

10.1177/0261018316653952 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 42-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kay Cook ◽

Lara Corr ◽

Rhonda Breitkreuz

Keyword(s):

Staff Development ◽

Policy Reform ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Care Work ◽

Educational Investment ◽

Financial Pressure ◽

Development Costs ◽

Childcare Policy ◽

Policy Problems ◽

Policy Solutions

Using discursive policy analysis, we analyse recent Australian childcare policy reform. By examining the policy framings of two successive governments and a childcare union, we demonstrate how the value of care work was strategically positioned by each of the three actors, constructing differing problems with different policy solutions. We argue that women’s care work was recognised by one government as valuable and professional when it aligned with an educational investment framing of enhanced productivity. This framing was capitalised upon by a union campaign for ‘professional’ wages, resulting in a government childcare worker wage subsidy. However, prior to implementation, a change of government re-framed the problem. The new government cast mandatory quality standards as placing unnecessary financial pressure on families and business. Within this frame, the remedy was to instead subsidise employer staff-development costs without increasing workers’ wages.

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