scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IS IT A THREAT OR AN OPPORTUNITY BASED ON ITS LEGAL PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Mark Louis ◽  
Angelina Anne Fernandez ◽  
Nazura Abdul Manap ◽  
Shamini Kandasamy ◽  
Sin Yee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological World ◽  
The Impact

Information technology is taking the world by storm. The technological world is changing rapidly and drastically. Human activities are taken over by robots and computers. The usage of computers and robots has increased productivity in various sectors. The emergence of artificial intelligence has stirred up many debates on both its importance and limitations. Artificial intelligence is directed to the usage of Information Technology in conducting tasks that normally require human intelligence. The expectation of artificial intelligence is high, nevertheless, artificial intelligence has its shortcomings namely the impact of artificial intelligence on the concept of a legal personality. The problem with artificial Intelligence is the debate on whether does it have a legal personality? And another problem is under what situation does the law treat artificial intelligence as an entity with its own rights and obligations. The objective of this article is to examine the various definitions of legal personality and whether artificial intelligence can become a legal person. The article will also examine the criminal liability of artificial intelligence when a crime has been committed. The methodology adopted is qualitative namely Doctrinal Legal Research by analyzing the relevant legal views from various journals on artificial intelligence. The study found out that artificial intelligence has its limitations in defining its legal personality and also in examining the criminal liability when a crime has been committed by robots.

scholarly journals Service Robots Usage in Marketing Hospitality in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ayse Begum Ersoy ◽  
Ziqi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpersonal Distancing ◽  
The Impact

Since the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has had brought severe impact on all aspects of the world. A series of interpersonal distancing methods such as ensuring effective and safe social distancing among people, wearing masks, and traffic lockdown measures are also continuing to take effect to curb the continuing outbreak of the COVID-19 (“Advice for the public on COVID-19”, 2020). In response to the globally spread of COVID-19, many advanced technologies in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) were applied rapidly and played an essential role in the operation for several months. There are many different leading technology categories in the field of artificial intelligence and many different sub-categories within each main technology categories. Moreover, since the AGI technology does not yet reach the basic human intelligence level, this study will focus on the impact of service robots, which are already widely used in the NAI application category, on hospitality marketing in the current situation in China. In this paper the aim is to assess the effectiveness of use of service robots in Marketing Hospitality Industry during the pandemic through a quantitative study.

scholarly journals Putting the world back to work: An expert system using big data and artificial intelligence in combating the spread of COVID-19 and similar contagious diseases

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-572
Author(s):  
Said Tkatek ◽  
Amine Belmzoukia ◽  
Said Nafai ◽  
Jaafar Abouchabaka ◽  
Youssef Ibnou-ratib
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
General Guide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Back To Work

BACKGROUND: To combat COVID-19, curb the pandemic, and manage containment, governments around the world are turning to data collection and population monitoring for analysis and prediction. The massive data generated through the use of big data and artificial intelligence can play an important role in addressing this unprecedented global health and economic crisis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work is to develop an expert system that combines several solutions to combat COVID-19. The main solution is based on a new developed software called General Guide (GG) application. This expert system allows us to explore, monitor, forecast, and optimize the data collected in order to take an efficient decision to ensure the safety of citizens, forecast, and slow down the spread’s rate of COVID-19. It will also facilitate countries’ interventions and optimize resources. Moreover, other solutions can be integrated into this expert system, such as the automatic vehicle and passenger sanitizing system equipped with a thermal and smart High Definition (HD) cameras and multi-purpose drones which offer many services. All of these solutions will facilitate lifting COVID-19 restrictions and minimize the impact of this pandemic. METHODS: The methods used in this expert system will assist in designing and analyzing the model based on big data and artificial intelligence (machine learning). This can enhance countries’ abilities and tools in monitoring, combating, and predicting the spread of COVID-19. RESULTS: The results obtained by this prediction process and the use of the above mentioned solutions will help monitor, predict, generate indicators, and make operational decisions to stop the spread of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This developed expert system can assist in stopping the spread of COVID-19 globally and putting the world back to work.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability and Artificial Intelligence: Theoretical and Applied Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarina Khisamova ◽  
Ildar Begishev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Self Learning

The humanity is now at the threshold of a new era when a widening use of artificial intelligence (AI) will start a new industrial revolution. Its use inevitably leads to the problem of ethical choice, it gives rise to new legal issues that require urgent actions. The authors analyze the criminal law assessment of the actions of AI. Primarily, the still open issue of liability for the actions of AI that is capable of self-learning and makes a decision to act / not to act, which is qualified as a crime. As a result, there is a necessity to form a system of criminal law measures of counteracting crimes committed with the use of AI. It is shown that the application of AI could lead to four scenarios requiring criminal law regulation. It is stressed that there is a need for a clear, strict and effective definition of the ethical boundaries in the design, development, production, use and modification of AI. The authors argue that it should be recognized as a source of high risk. They specifically state that although the Criminal Code of the Russian Fe­deration contains norms that determine liability for cybercrimes, it does not eliminate the possibility of prosecution for infringements committed with the use of AI under the general norms of punishment for various crimes. The authors also consider it possible to establish a system to standardize and certify the activities of designing AI and putting it into operation. Meanwhile, an autonomous AI that is capable of self-learning is considerably different from other phenomena and objects, and the situation with the liability of AI which independently decides to undertake an action qualified as a crime is much more complicated. The authors analyze the resolution of the European Parliament on the possibility of granting AI legal status and discuss its key principles and meaning. They pay special attention to the issue of recognizing AI as a legal personality. It is suggested that a legal fiction should be used as a technique, when a special legal personality of AI can be perceived as an unusual legal situation that is different from reality. It is believed that such a solution can eliminate a number of existing legal limitations which prevent active involvement of AI into the legal space.

scholarly journals THE “CRIMINAL LAW OF VICTIM” AS A CRIMINAL LAW MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Irina Aleksandrovna Tretyak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The subject. The article is devoted to analysis of the basic models of criminal law and the impact of victim’s legal status on the criminal legal theory.The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the existence and the importance of “criminal law of victim” as basic model of criminal legal theory.The methodological basis of the research includes general-scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, system-structural approach) as well as academic methods (formal-legal method, method of interpretation of legal texts).Results and scope of application. The definition of the role of the victim, the importance of his legitimate interests in the implementation of criminal liability is complicated by the fact that the basic models of criminal law developed by science – “criminal law of the offender” and “criminal law of the crime” – do not consider the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations.The theoretical models of criminal law are embodied in the criminal law, specific legal rela-tions, law enforcement acts, etc., in connection with which there are specific indicators – the parameters by which it is possible to determine which model of criminal law is implemented.If the question of the criminal legal personality of the victim is controversial, in my opinion, there is no doubt that the victim is a party to the criminal law conflict, which often begins to unfold long before the crime.Conclusions. Recognizing the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations, as well as a par-ticipant in the criminal law conflict, it is possible to talk about the formation of a new model of criminal law – “the criminal law of victim”.

scholarly journals MERINTANGI PENGUBURAN JENAZAH COVID-19 DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PASAL 178 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA

LEGALITAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rezky Rinaldy Dan Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia and even the world now feel the impact of the Corona virus outbreak (covid-19), in connection with it hindering the burial of the bodies of victims who died. The phenomenon of corpse rejection of corona virus patients (covid-19) continues to occur in various regions. In fact, the body must be buried immediately no later than 4 hours after being declared dead. The main reason people are reluctant to accept the bodies of patients co-19 because of fear of contracting. While the medical ensure that the body will not transmit the virus. The body in the coffin has been wrapped and declared sterile. The type of research used in this study is the type of normative legal research, which is a legal research method that uses a statutory approachThe results of the study showed that obstructing officers who will carry out official burials could indeed be convicted. Law enforcement officials can use Article 178 of the Criminal Code. not a complaint offense. Law enforcement officials can immediately take action without anyone complaining. "If the incident fulfills the elements contained in Article 178 of the Criminal Code, the perpetrators can be charged. However, it must look at intentions and actions as a condition for imposing a crime on someone.

Artificial intelligence and human rights: a comprehensive study from Indian legal and policy perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheshadri Chatterjee ◽  
Sreenivasulu N.S.
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the human rights issue. This study has also examined issues with AI for business and its civil and criminal liability. This study has provided inputs to the policymakers and government authorities to overcome different challenges. Design/methodology/approach This study has analysed different international and Indian laws on human rights issues and the impacts of these laws to protect the human rights of the individual, which could be under threat due to the advancement of AI technology. This study has used descriptive doctrinal legal research methods to examine and understand the insights of existing laws and regulations in India to protect human rights and how these laws could be further developed to protect human rights under the Indian jurisprudence, which is under threat due to rapid advancement of AI-related technology. Findings The study provides a comprehensive insight on the influence of AI on human rights issues and the existing laws in India. The study also shows different policy initiatives by the Government of India to regulate AI. Research limitations/implications The study highlights some of the key policy recommendations helpful to regulate AI. Moreover, this study provides inputs to the regulatory authorities and legal fraternity to draft a much-needed comprehensive policy to regulate AI in the context of the protection of human rights of the citizens. Originality/value AI is constantly posing entangled challenges to human rights. There is no comprehensive study, which investigated the emergence of AI and its influence on human rights issues, especially from the Indian legal perspective. So there is a research gap. This study provides a unique insight of the emergence of AI applications and its influence on human rights issues and provides inputs to the policymaker to help them to draft an effective regulation on AI to protect the human rights of Indian citizens. Thus, this study is considered a unique study that adds value towards the overall literature.

Disruptions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Idris Olayiwola Ganiyu ◽  
Ola Olusegun Oyedele ◽  
Evelyn Derera
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Robotics

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has resulted in the disruption of the world of work whereby technological innovation such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. These disruptions may be creative in that as some jobs are lost due to the development of artificial intelligence, new ones are created. This chapter explored the impact of disruptive technological innovations on the future of work. The skill gaps brought about by the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution was also explored in this chapter.

Teams of Leaders Concept (ToL) and E-Business Operations

2010 ◽  
pp. 488-503
Author(s):  
Dag von Lubitz
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The World ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information And Knowledge Management

Information Technology (IT), and the subsequent broad acceptance of Information and Knowledge Management (IM/KM) methods revolutionized the way business is thought of and practiced. With e-business facilitating the ability to do more, more, faster, at a wider range, and to influence ever larger and more diverse consumer groups, the impact of technology on commerce, finance, and global economy has been frequently compared to the “paradigm shift” that Kuhn (1970) proposed as the essence of scientific revolution. Yet, despite the transformational influence of modernity on the ancient art, the fundamental principles of business have not changed: overreliance on the facilitation of business operations as the substitution for the adherence to the soundness of their conduct fuelled rampant growth of corporate laisse faire, and already twice brought the world to the brink of economic disaster (Stiglitz, 2003; Steingart, 2008).

The Ultimate Value of Information Technology

2006 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Robert A. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Positive Feature ◽  
The Impact

In order to conclude our discussion of the value of information technology, we need to answer these questions: What characteristics does IT share with modern technology generally? What is its place with respect to the rest of technology and with respect to the rest of the world? The goal of this chapter is to formulate how information technology might interact with ethical principles required at the species level, ecosystem level, and the level of being as a whole. I also want to consider the impact of these ethical principles on our responsibilities as IT professionals. The most positive feature of information technology is its potential to contribute to the increase in human consciousness by making more knowledge more widely available. Yet it can just as easily enable questionable applications of technology that further our extinction as a species or the destruction of the ecosystem. Let us begin by asking of information technology the questions we asked about technology generally: Is information technology a neutral means? Does it have its own ends and point of view?

scholarly journals Use of artificial intelligence in imaging in rheumatology – current status and future perspectives

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e001063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berend Stoel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Interpretation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

After decades of basic research with many setbacks, artificial intelligence (AI) has recently obtained significant breakthroughs, enabling computer programs to outperform human interpretation of medical images in very specific areas. After this shock wave that probably exceeds the impact of the first AI victory of defeating the world chess champion in 1997, some reflection may be appropriate on the consequences for clinical imaging in rheumatology. In this narrative review, a short explanation is given about the various AI techniques, including ‘deep learning’, and how these have been applied to rheumatological imaging, focussing on rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis as examples. By discussing the principle limitations of AI and deep learning, this review aims to give insight into possible future perspectives of AI applications in rheumatology.

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