Towards a Semantic Web of Evidence-Based Medical Information

It is the vision of the protagonists of the Semantic Web to achieve “a set of connected applications for data on the Web in such a way as to form a consistent logical Web of data” (Berners-Lee, 1998, p. 1). Therefore, the Semantic Web approach develops languages for expressing information in a machine-processable form (“machine-understandable” in terms of the Semantic Web community). Particularly, the Resource Description Framework, RDF (Lassila & Swick, 1999), and RDF Schema, RDFS (Brickley & Guha, 2000), are considered as the foundations for the implementation of the Semantic Web. RDF provides a data model and a serialization language; RDFS a distinguished vocabulary to model class and property hierarchies and other basic schema primitives that can be referred to from RDF models, thereby allowing for the modeling of object models with cleanly defined semantics. The idea behind this approach is to provide a common minimal framework for the description of Web resources while allowing for application-specific extensions (Berners-Lee, 1998). Such extensions in terms of additional classes and/or properties must be documented in an application-specific schema. Application-specific schemata can be integrated into RDFS by the namespace mechanism (Bray, Hollander & Layman, 1999). Namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying element and attribute names used in RDF documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) references (Berners-Lee, Fielding, Irvine & Masinter, 1998).

Download Full-text

A Link-Based Ranking Algorithm for Semantic Web Resources

Journal of Database Management ◽

10.4018/jdm.2011010101 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyunjung Park ◽

Sangkyu Rho ◽

Jinsoo Park

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

World Wide ◽

Fundamental Difference ◽

Ranking Algorithm ◽

Relative Significance ◽

Web Resources ◽

The World ◽

Description Framework ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Resource Description

The information space of the Semantic Web has different characteristics from that of the World Wide Web (WWW). One main difference is that in the Semantic Web, the direction of Resource Description Framework (RDF) links does not have the same meaning as the direction of hyperlinks in the WWW, because the link direction is determined not by a voting process but by a specific schema in the Semantic Web. Considering this fundamental difference, the authors propose a method for ranking Semantic Web resources independent of link directions and show the convergence of the algorithm and experimental results. This method focuses on the classes rather than the properties. The property weights are assigned depending on the relative significance of the property to the resource importance of each class. It solves some problems reported in prior studies, including the Tightly Knit Community (TKC) effect, as well as having higher accuracy and validity compared to existing methods.

Download Full-text

A Link-Based Ranking Algorithm for Semantic Web Resources

Innovations in Database Design, Web Applications, and Information Systems Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2044-5.ch001 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Hyunjung Park ◽

Sangkyu Rho ◽

Jinsoo Park

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

World Wide ◽

Fundamental Difference ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Relative Significance ◽

Web Resources ◽

The World ◽

Description Framework ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Resource Description

Download Full-text

Petri nets on the semantic web guidelines and infrastructure

Computer Science and Information Systems ◽

10.2298/csis0402127g ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 127-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dragan Gasevic

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Petri Net ◽

Ontology Language ◽

Uml Profiles ◽

Community Effort ◽

Model Sharing ◽

Petri Net Markup Language ◽

Description Framework ◽

Definition Of ◽

Resource Description

This paper gives the Petri net ontology as the most important element in providing Petri net support for the Semantic Web. Available Petri net formal descriptions are: metamodels, UML profiles, ontologies and syntax. Metamodels are useful, but their main purpose is for Petri net tools. Although the current Petri-net community effort Petri Net Markup Language (PNML) is XML-based, it lacks a precise definition of semantics. Existing Petri net ontologies are partial solutions specialized for a specific problem. In order to show current Petri net model sharing features we use P3 tool that uses PNML/XSLT-based approach for model sharing. This paper suggests developing the Petri net ontology to represent semantics appropriately. This Petri net ontology is described using UML, Resource Description Framework (Schema) RDF(S) and the Web Ontology Language-OWL.

Download Full-text

A Survey on JSON Mapping With XML/RDF

Advances in Data Mining and Database Management - Emerging Technologies and Applications in Data Processing and Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8446-9.ch005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 92-113

Author(s):

Gbéboumé Crédo Charles Adjallah-Kondo ◽

Zongmin Ma

Keyword(s):

Resource Description Framework ◽

Data Format ◽

Web Resources ◽

Description Framework ◽

Resource Description ◽

Exchange Data

As a data format, JSON is able to store and exchange data. It can be mapped with RDF (resource description framework), which is an ontology technology in the direction of web resources. This chapter replies to the question about which techniques or methods to utilize for mapping XML to JSON and RDF. However, a plethora of methods have been explored. Consequently, the goal of this survey is to give the whole presentation of the currents approaches to map JSON with XML and RDF by providing their differences.

Download Full-text

Linked Open Statistical Metadata

Data Visualization and Statistical Literacy for Open and Big Data - Advances in Data Mining and Database Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2512-7.ch012 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 297-320

Author(s):

Franck Cotton ◽

Daniel Gillman

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Resource Description Framework ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Open Data ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Statistical Literacy ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Description Framework ◽

Resource Description ◽

The Web

Linked Open Statistical Metadata (LOSM) is Linked Open Data (LOD) applied to statistical metadata. LOD is a model for identifying, structuring, interlinking, and querying data published directly on the web. It builds on the standards of the semantic web defined by the W3C. LOD uses the Resource Description Framework (RDF), a simple data model expressing content as predicates linking resources between them or with literal properties. The simplicity of the model makes it able to represent any data, including metadata. We define statistical data as data produced through some statistical process or intended for statistical analyses, and statistical metadata as metadata describing statistical data. LOSM promotes discovery and the meaning and structure of statistical data in an automated way. Consequently, it helps with understanding and interpreting data and preventing inadequate or flawed visualizations for statistical data. This enhances statistical literacy and efforts at visualizing statistics.

Download Full-text

Technique for Transformation of Data From RDB to XML Then to RDF

Web Semantics for Textual and Visual Information Retrieval - Advances in Data Mining and Database Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2483-0.ch004 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 70-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaleem Razzaq Malik ◽

Tauqir Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Relational Database ◽

Resource Description Framework ◽

Data Science ◽

True Nature ◽

Extensible Markup ◽

Description Framework ◽

Mapping Techniques ◽

Resource Description ◽

The Web

This chapter will clearly show the need for better mapping techniques for Relational Database (RDB) all the way to Resource Description Framework (RDF). This includes coverage of each data model limitations and benefits for getting better results. Here, each form of data being transform has its own importance in the field of data science. As RDB is well known back end storage for information used to many kinds of applications; especially the web, desktop, remote, embedded, and network-based applications. Whereas, EXtensible Markup Language (XML) in the well-known standard for data for transferring among all computer related resources regardless of their type, shape, place, capability and capacity due to its form is in application understandable form. Finally, semantically enriched and simple of available in Semantic Web is RDF. This comes handy when with the use of linked data to get intelligent inference better and efficient. Multiple Algorithms are built to support this system experiments and proving its true nature of the study.

Download Full-text

Data Confidentiality on the Semantic Web

Information Security and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch221 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 3309-3320

Author(s):

Csilla Farkas

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Formal Semantics ◽

Future Research ◽

Semantic Web Technologies ◽

Inference Problem ◽

Web Technologies ◽

Ontology Language ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Description Framework ◽

Resource Description

This chapter investigates the threat of unwanted Semantic Web inferences. We survey the current efforts to detect and remove unwanted inferences, identify research gaps, and recommend future research directions. We begin with a brief overview of Semantic Web technologies and reasoning methods, followed by a description of the inference problem in traditional databases. In the context of the Semantic Web, we study two types of inferences: (1) entailments defined by the formal semantics of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the RDF Schema (RDFS) and (2) inferences supported by semantic languages like the Web Ontology Language (OWL). We compare the Semantic Web inferences to the inferences studied in traditional databases. We show that the inference problem exists on the Semantic Web and that existing security methods do not fully prevent indirect data disclosure via inference channels.

Download Full-text

Semantic E-Business Challenges and Directions

Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-885-7.ch187 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1421-1428

Author(s):

Giorgos Laskaridis ◽

Konstantinos Markellos ◽

Penelope Markellou ◽

Angeliki Panayiotaki ◽

Athanasios Tsakalidis

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

World Wide ◽

Business Processes ◽

Semantic Knowledge ◽

Web Based ◽

The World ◽

Extensible Markup ◽

Description Framework ◽

Business Challenges ◽

Resource Description

The emergence of semantic Web opens up boundless new opportunities for e-business. According to Tim Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassila (2001), “the semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation”. A more formal definition by W3C (2001) refers that, “the semantic Web is the representation of data on the World Wide Web. It is a collaborative effort led by W3C with participation from a large number of researchers and industrial partners. It is based on the resource description framework (RDF), which integrates a variety of applications using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for syntax and uniform resource identifiers (URIs) for naming”. The capability of the semantic Web to add meaning to information, stored in such way that it can be searched and processed as well as recent advances in semantic Web-based technologies provide the mechanisms for semantic knowledge representation, exchange and collaboration of e-business processes and applications.

Download Full-text

In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs

Information Technology and Libraries ◽

10.6017/ital.v35i2.8749 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manolis Peponakis

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Cultural Meanings ◽

New Approach ◽

Descriptive Information ◽

Bibliographic Data ◽

Er Model ◽

Description Framework ◽

Entity Relationship ◽

Resource Description

<p>The aim of this study is to contribute to the field of machine-processable bibliographic data that is suitable for the Semantic Web. We examine the Entity Relationship (ER) model, which has been selected by IFLA as a “conceptual framework” in order to model the FR family (FRBR, FRAD and RDA), and the problems ER causes as we move towards the Semantic Web. Subsequently, while maintaining the semantics of the aforementioned standards but rejecting the ER as a conceptual framework for bibliographic data, this paper builds on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) potential and documents how both the RDF and Linked Data’s rationale can affect the way we model bibliographic data.</p>In this way, a new approach to bibliographic data emerges where the distinction between description and authorities is obsolete. Instead, the integration of the authorities with descriptive information becomes fundamental so that a network of correlations can be established between the entities and the names by which the entities are known. Naming is a vital issue for human cultures because names are not random sequences of characters or sounds which stand just as identifiers for the entities - they also have socio-cultural meanings and interpretations. Thus, instead of describing indivisible resources, we could describe entities that appear in a variety of names on various resources. In this study, a method is proposed to connect the names with the entities they represent and, in this way, to document the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names.

Download Full-text

A Survey of Geospatial Semantic Web for Cultural Heritage

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage2020093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1471-1498 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ikrom Nishanbaev ◽

Erik Champion ◽

David A. McMeekin

Keyword(s):

Semantic Web ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Open Source ◽

Web Based ◽

Digital Cultural Heritage ◽

New Ideas ◽

Description Framework ◽

Machine Readable ◽

Resource Description

The amount of digital cultural heritage data produced by cultural heritage institutions is growing rapidly. Digital cultural heritage repositories have therefore become an efficient and effective way to disseminate and exploit digital cultural heritage data. However, many digital cultural heritage repositories worldwide share technical challenges such as data integration and interoperability among national and regional digital cultural heritage repositories. The result is dispersed and poorly-linked cultured heritage data, backed by non-standardized search interfaces, which thwart users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories. A recently introduced geospatial semantic web is being adopted by a great many new and existing digital cultural heritage repositories to overcome these challenges. However, no one has yet conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. A conceptual survey of these concepts pertinent to the cultural heritage field is, therefore, needed. Such a survey equips cultural heritage professionals and practitioners with an overview of all the necessary tools, and free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic web platforms that can be used to implement geospatial semantic web-based cultural heritage repositories. Hence, this article surveys the state-of-the-art geospatial semantic web concepts, which are pertinent to the cultural heritage field. It then proposes a framework to turn geospatial cultural heritage data into machine-readable and processable resource description framework (RDF) data to use in the geospatial semantic web, with a case study to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, it outlines key free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic platforms for cultural heritage institutions. In addition, it examines leading cultural heritage projects employing the geospatial semantic web. Finally, the article discusses attributes of the geospatial semantic web that require more attention, that can result in generating new ideas and research questions for both the geospatial semantic web and cultural heritage fields.

Download Full-text