How Agricultural Digital Innovation Can Benefit from Semantics: The Case of the AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus

AGROVOC is the multilingual thesaurus managed and published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Its content is available in more than 40 languages and covers all the FAO’s areas of interest. The structural basis is a resource description framework (RDF) and simple knowledge organization system (SKOS). More than 39,000 concepts identified by a uniform resource identifier (URI) and 800,000 terms are related through a hierarchical system and aligned to knowledge organization systems. This paper aims to illustrate the recent developments in the context of AGROVOC and to present use cases where it has contributed to enhancing the interoperability of data shared by different information systems.

Twenty years of unnecessary forward slashes: towards a post-ontological critique of Tim Berners-Lee's evolving aspirations for the Web and the World Wide Web Consortium from the cultural studies perspective

Since it was first formally proposed in 1990 (and since the first website was launched in 1991), the World Wide Web has evolved from a collection of linked hypertext documents residing on the Internet, to a "meta-medium" featuring platforms that older media have leveraged to reach their publics through alternative means. However, this pathway towards the modernization of the Web has not been entirely linear, nor will it proceed as such. Accordingly, this paper problematizes the notion of "progress" as it relates to the online realm by illuminating two distinct perspectives on the realized and proposed evolution of the Web, both of which can be grounded in the broader debate concerning technological determinism versus the social construction of technology: on the one hand, the centralized and ontology-driven shift from a human-centred "Web of Documents" to a machine-understandable "Web of Data" or "Semantic Web", which is supported by the Web's inventor, Tim Berners-Lee, and the organization he heads, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); on the other, the decentralized and folksonomy-driven mechanisms through which individuals and collectives exert control over the online environment (e.g. through the social networking applications that have come to characterize the contemporary period of "Web 2.0"). Methodologically, the above is accomplished through a sustained exploration of theory derived from communication and cultural studies, which discursively weaves these two viewpoints together with a technical history of recent W3C projects. As a case study, it is asserted that the forward slashes contained in a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) were a social construct that was eventually rendered extraneous by the end-user community. By focusing On the context of the technology itself, it is anticipated that this paper will contribute to the broader debate concerning the future of the Web and its need to move beyond a determinant "modernization paradigm" or over-arching ontology, as well as advance the potential connections that can be cultivated with cognate disciplines.

Twenty years of unnecessary forward slashes: towards a post-ontological critique of Tim Berners-Lee's evolving aspirations for the Web and the World Wide Web Consortium from the cultural studies perspective

Since it was first formally proposed in 1990 (and since the first website was launched in 1991), the World Wide Web has evolved from a collection of linked hypertext documents residing on the Internet, to a "meta-medium" featuring platforms that older media have leveraged to reach their publics through alternative means. However, this pathway towards the modernization of the Web has not been entirely linear, nor will it proceed as such. Accordingly, this paper problematizes the notion of "progress" as it relates to the online realm by illuminating two distinct perspectives on the realized and proposed evolution of the Web, both of which can be grounded in the broader debate concerning technological determinism versus the social construction of technology: on the one hand, the centralized and ontology-driven shift from a human-centred "Web of Documents" to a machine-understandable "Web of Data" or "Semantic Web", which is supported by the Web's inventor, Tim Berners-Lee, and the organization he heads, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); on the other, the decentralized and folksonomy-driven mechanisms through which individuals and collectives exert control over the online environment (e.g. through the social networking applications that have come to characterize the contemporary period of "Web 2.0"). Methodologically, the above is accomplished through a sustained exploration of theory derived from communication and cultural studies, which discursively weaves these two viewpoints together with a technical history of recent W3C projects. As a case study, it is asserted that the forward slashes contained in a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) were a social construct that was eventually rendered extraneous by the end-user community. By focusing On the context of the technology itself, it is anticipated that this paper will contribute to the broader debate concerning the future of the Web and its need to move beyond a determinant "modernization paradigm" or over-arching ontology, as well as advance the potential connections that can be cultivated with cognate disciplines.

Construction and application of the 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform

As geo-hazard monitoring data increases in category and size, conventional geo-hazard information management systems, without a unified integration framework and visualized data display, are unable to satisfy the urgent needs of geo-hazard information management. Representational State Transfer (REST), a resource-centered service architecture, abstracts data and services into resources for unified Uniform Resource Identifier access, enabling it to take full advantage of HTTP with great flexibility and scalability. Based on the REST service architecture, this paper constructs a 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform with sound service compatibility and scalability by integrating geographical information, real-time monitoring data, and early warning models into the 3D Digital Earth framework. The platform displays topography, stratum lithology, and relevant information, as well as real-time monitoring data in a 3D visual, and provides early warning services for geo-hazards through access to real-time early warning models. As a result, it is capable of providing comprehensive information management, monitoring, and early warning of multiple geo-hazards, aiding decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhancing the information level of geo-hazard prevention and mitigation work.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI RESTFULL WEB SERVICE MENGGUNAKAN RESOURCE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE

Web service merupakan kunci integritas untuk aplikasi yang berbeda platform, bahasa, dan sistem. Representational State Transfer (REST) merupakan prinsip aplikasi web service dengan menambahkan sebuah elemen untuk menggunakan Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) standar, memberikan kepentingan kepada penggunaan HTTP serta menjadi metode yang lebih baik untuk membangun web service. Filosofi REST mendukung prinsip dan protocol yang ada di web untuk membuat web service yang lebih powerful. Resource-Oriented Architecture (ROA) menetapkan sejumlah batasan dalam pembangunan aplikasi RESTful web service, yaitu addressability, statelessnes, uniform interfaces, representations, dan connectedness. Pemanfaatan web service dengan metode ROA pada Perusahaan dengan skala besar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis dan dapat membangun sistem yang memiliki keuntungan dalam skalabilitas interaksi komponen, generality of interface, komponen yang berdiri sendiri dan komponen penengah yang dapat mengurangi latency, menekankan keamanan, dan mengenkapsulasi legacy-system. Analisis dan implementasi RESTful Web Service terhadap aplikasi berupa kinerja dan trafik data manajemen menggunakan Resource-oriented Architecture agar aplikasi yang menggunakan web service lebih stabil dan web service membantu pengiriman data dari dan ke database berupa antrian eksekusi yang teratur. Kata kunci: HTTP, Resource-oriented Architecture, REST, URI, Web Service

Mapping Provenance Model to e-learning Ontology

The Semantic Web (SW) may be represented as it is advancement of the web; it is specifically conspired to describe information in a specific manner, which machine can understand easily. In this context the ‘object’ or “resource” derived from web must be a unique as Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Ontologies are used to establish the relationships between objects. Trust or provenance plays important role in the semantic web. Trust defines the merit by which a user considers authenticity of the documents. Semantic web refers the credibility, reliability and tustability of the data in the given context. It is necessary to observe and differentiate trusted data points from entrusted ones. [8]. User has to take decision regarding selection of the documents based on considering all the parameters of trust, whether given information is reliable or not. The documents available in the web in which users put a new set of problems every time and need to obtain the solution exactly trustworthy.

Adequando dados bibliográficos ao Linked Data: requisitos necessários, vantagens e desafios

O Linked Data foi desenvolvido visando atender ao contexto tecnológico vigente e pode ser aplicado potencialmente ao domínio bibliográfico. Objetivou-se verificar a viabilidade e a relevância de se adequar os dados bibliográficos aos princípios do Linked Data. A coleta de dados baseou-se em uma metodologia de caráter qualiquantitativo, pautado na realização de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Os dados foram analisados à luz das seguintes categorias: enfoque dos documentos, requisitos necessários para a adequação de dados bibliográficos ao Linked Data, vantagens e desafios relacionados a essa adequação. Como resultados, identificaram-se o Resource Description Framework (RDF) e o Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) como requisitos necessários para prover a adequação de dados bibliográficos ao Linked Data. As principais vantagens identificadas foram a interoperabilidade de dados, melhores resultados de busca, maior visibilidade dos dados das bibliotecas no ambiente Web e promoção de descoberta acidental de recursos. Os principais desafios identificados foram a heterogeneidade dos dados disponibilizados na Web e a conversão dos dados descritos em formato MARC21. Concluiu-se que os dados bibliográficos podem ser adequados ao Linked Data, porém, muitos desafios ainda precisam ser superados para permitir essa realidade.

La importancia y necesidad del Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Digital Object Identifier (DOI) es, hoy en día, el indicador más usado para identificar cualquier entidad digital. Es una referencia en línea (digital) que apunta a la tipificación de un recurso (objeto). Esto permite que los DOI proporcionen una referencia estable a los usuarios de un objeto incluso si la dirección web (URL - Uniform Resource Locator) donde esté almacenado el recurso haya cambiado. Es un sistema parecido a los identificadores URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), cadena de caracteres que identifica los recursos de una red de forma unívoca.

Os Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records no contexto da Web Semântica: as contribuições de Paul Otlet

Este trabalho examina como o modelo conceitual Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records se aproxima da noção de unidade documentária atribuída a Paul Otlet e presente no Traité de Documentation, cujos princípios são aplicados ao fundamentar as bases do Repertório Bibliográfico Universal. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de caráter histórico e documental, cujo objetivo é averiguar os pressupostos clássicos da representação e organização da informa- ção, relacionando-os com o contexto da Web Semântica. Avança analisando os resultados de simulações acerca da aplicação dos Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records no repositório Acesso Livre à Informação Científica da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, de modo a ilustrar como as teses de Otlet se aplicam a essas ferramentas bibliográficas. Mostra as vantagens dos repositórios nos processos de modelagem, pois o formato Dublin Core permite a descrição de metadados usando linguagens como a Resource Description Framework, o que potencializa a recuperação de informações. Finaliza demonstrando como os princípios - monográfico, da continuidade e da pluralidade -, se expressam nas entidades do Grupo I do modelo conceitual Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, o que revela as afinidades metodológicas entre o modelo e as teses de Otlet. Ressalta que ações direcionadas no sentido de incentivar a descrição dos metadados bibliográficos em declarações em Resource Description Framework permitirá, num futuro bem próximo, que cada recurso seja identificado de forma pertinente por meio de um identificador universal - Uniform Resource Identifier -, possibilitando que os registros das bases de dados sejam interligados, permitindo ao usuário acesso a uma massa informacional há séculos estocada, tal como preconizou Otlet ao criar o Repertório Bibliográfico Universal.Palavras-chave: Registros bibliográficos. Paul Otlet. Representação descritiva. Web Semântica.Link: http://periodicos.puc-campinas.edu.br/seer/index.php/transinfo/article/view/2783/2257