A Common Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Sunny L. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Organizational structures are comprised of an organizational culture created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies and processes carried out by the organization. The work-life system in which individuals use work-life initiatives to achieve a work-life balance can be influenced by the type of organizational culture within one's workplace, for example a structured, rigid culture in which employees are afraid to ask questions versus a flexible, open culture where discussion is encouraged. Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. The focus of this paper is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in the NSCW Study and the NOS Study, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively (Munn, 2012). The paper discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as well as another grouping methodology – latent class analysis - as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.

A Common Methodology

2017 ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Sunny L. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Organizational structures are comprised of an organizational culture created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies and processes carried out by the organization. The work-life system in which individuals use work-life initiatives to achieve a work-life balance can be influenced by the type of organizational culture within one's workplace, for example a structured, rigid culture in which employees are afraid to ask questions versus a flexible, open culture where discussion is encouraged. Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. The focus of this paper is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in the NSCW Study and the NOS Study, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively (Munn, 2012). The paper discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as well as another grouping methodology – latent class analysis - as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.

Creating a Typology of Organizational Culture Using Cluster Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Sunny L. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. An organization's culture is created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies, and processes carried out by the organization. The focus of this chapter is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in two different studies, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively. The chapter discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.

Stepfamily Involvement in and out of School and (Step)children’s College Preparation Behaviors: A Latent Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199387
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bible ◽  
David T. Lardier ◽  
Frank Perrone ◽  
Brad van Eeden-Moorefield
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
College Preparation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Out Of School

Using a latent class analysis (LCA) with data from a subsample of children in stepfamilies ( N = 6,637) from the 2009 High School Longitudinal Study (HSLS), this study examined how stepfamily involvement in their (step)child’s education in and outside of school influenced their (step)child’s college preparation. Stepfamily involvement in their (step)child’s education in school (e.g., help with homework) and outside of school (e.g., educational experiences such as going to a museum) may help overcome challenges associated with academic and college preparation for children in stepfamilies. Results broadly indicate students with higher stepfamily involvement in education in and out of school had (step)parents who believed that college was attainable, students engaged in more activities that would prepare them for their future, and students took more AP/IB level courses and tests. Together, findings suggest that stepfamily involvement in education both in and out of school is important for their (step)child’s college preparation behaviors.

scholarly journals Health and work-life balance across types of work schedules: A latent class analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 102906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Brauner ◽  
Anne M. Wöhrmann ◽  
Kilian Frank ◽  
Alexandra Michel
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Life Balance

scholarly journals Comorbidity phenotypes and risk of mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease in the UK

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Crowe ◽  
Dawit T Zemedikun ◽  
Kelvin Okoth ◽  
Nicola Jaime Adderley ◽  
Gavin Rudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to use latent class analysis of up to 20 comorbidities in patients with a diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) to identify clusters of comorbidities and to examine the associations between these clusters and mortality.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of electronic health records in the health improvement network (THIN), a UK primary care database including 92 186 men and women aged ≥18 years with IHD and a median of 2 (IQR 1–3) comorbidities.ResultsLatent class analysis revealed five clusters with half categorised as a low-burden comorbidity group. After a median follow-up of 3.2 (IQR 1.4–5.8) years, 17 645 patients died. Compared with the low-burden comorbidity group, two groups of patients with a high-burden of comorbidities had the highest adjusted HR for mortality: those with vascular and musculoskeletal conditions, HR 2.38 (95% CI 2.28 to 2.49) and those with respiratory and musculoskeletal conditions, HR 2.62 (95% CI 2.45 to 2.79). Hazards of mortality in two other groups of patients characterised by cardiometabolic and mental health comorbidities were also higher than the low-burden comorbidity group; HR 1.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.52) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.64), respectively.ConclusionsThis analysis has identified five distinct comorbidity clusters in patients with IHD that were differentially associated with risk of mortality. These analyses should be replicated in other large datasets, and this may help shape the development of future interventions or health services that take into account the impact of these comorbidity clusters.

scholarly journals Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Different Risk Patterns for Patients With Masked Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fu ◽  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Shixin Yi ◽  
Shuo Sun ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is controversy whether masked hypertension (MHT) requires additional intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MHT accompanied with high-risk metabolic syndrome (MetS), as the subphenotype, will have a different prognosis from low-risk MetS.Methods: We applied latent class analysis to identify subphenotypes of MHT, using the clinical and biological information collected from High-risk Cardiovascular Factor Screening and Chronic Disease Management Programme. We modeled the data, examined the relationship between subphenotypes and clinical outcomes, and further explored the impact of antihypertensive medication.Results: We included a total of 140 patients with MHT for analysis. The latent class model showed that the two-class (high/low-risk MetS) model was most suitable for MHT classification. The high-risk MetS subphenotype was characterized by larger waist circumference, lower HDL-C, higher fasting blood glucose and triglycerides, and prevalence of diabetes. After four years of follow-up, participants in subphenotype 1 had a higher non-major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) survival probability than those in subphenotype 2 (P = 0.016). There was no interaction between different subphenotypes and the use of antihypertensive medications affecting the occurrence of MACE.Conclusions: We have identified two subphenotypes in MHT that have different metabolic characteristics and prognosis, which could give a clue to the importance of tracing the clinical correlation between MHT and metabolic risk factors. For patients with MHT and high-risk MetS, antihypertensive therapy may be insufficient.

Stretched Earlobe Piercings Negatively Impact Casual Observer Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fung ◽  
Masaru Ishii ◽  
Pauline Huynh ◽  
Michelle Juarez ◽  
Kristin Bater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Casual Observer ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPatients with stretched earlobes seek reconstruction to mitigate social stigma. To date, there have been no studies measuring the impact of stretched earlobe piercings on casual observer perceptions. One-hundred seventy-three casual observers were enrolled via public-access web sites. Participants were randomly shown frontal and profile views of six subjects with stretched earlobe piercings and four controls. Participants evaluated photos for first impressions using a survey containing choices regarding personal attributes. Latent class analysis was performed to categorize observer ratings. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), bootstrap analysis, and permutations testing were used to evaluate the relationship between perceived attractiveness, success, and approachability scoring and stretched earlobe status. Latent class analysis categorized responses into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Patients with stretched earlobe piercings were significantly less likely to be classified as positive by observers without body modifications (i.e., tattoos and piercings) in comparison to control photos (30.9 and 40.1%, p = 0.007) and more likely to be classified as negative (38.5 and 28.1%, p = 0.002). These changes were abolished when photos were evaluated by observers with body modifications (p > 0.05). ANOVA revealed that stretched earlobe piercings and observer body modification status have a significant effect on rated approachability (F [1,1726] = 4.08, p = 0.04) and successfulness (F[1,1726] = 9.67, p = 0.002; F [1,1726] = 70.33, p < 0.0005). No significance was found for rated attractiveness (p > 0.05). Patients with stretched earlobe piercings were more likely to be classified as having negative affect display and being less approachable and successful compared with controls when evaluated by observers without body modifications. This effect was abolished when photos were evaluated by observers with body modifications. These findings validate patient motivations for seeking stretched earlobe repair.

scholarly journals The Impacts Of Socio-Economic Challenge On Long-Term Physical and Mental Health In Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1058
Author(s):  
Ilan Kwon ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
ByeongJu Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite consistent evidence on the negative effect of social and economic challenges on health, little is known about the pattern of economic difficulties people experience and the impact of those challenging patterns on long-term health in later life. This study used the national data, Mid Life in the United States (MIDUS 3 in 2013-2014), to identify the different patterns of socio-economic challenges that older Americans (50-64 ages old) experienced during the Recession in 2008 and to examine the impact of past challenging experiences on physical and mental health in their later life. Socio-economic challenges included twenty-six items such as losing or moving a job, missing rent, selling or losing a home, bankruptcy, having debts, and cutting spending. We conducted the latent class analysis and regression while controlling other social determinant factors (e.g., education, employment status, poverty, etc.). The latent class analysis result found five patterns during the Recession: people who experienced various difficulties during the Recession, who moved their jobs, who experienced financial difficulties, who bought a home with decreased debts, and who experienced no difficulty. Compared to people with no challenging experience, those who needed to move their jobs but could make debt off during the Recession reported physically healthier, but not mentally healthier in later life. Interestingly, among this group, women reported more long-term physical health problems than men. The findings suggest the close connection between physical and mental health and the importance of long-term care for mental health among older adults in recovering from socio-economic challenges.

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