scholarly journals Binary Classification of COVID-19 CT Images Using CNN

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shankar Shambhu ◽  
Deepika Koundal ◽  
Prasenjit Das ◽  
Chetan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world with such a force that the world's leading economies are finding it challenging to come out of it. Countries with the best medical facilities are even cannot handle the increasing number of cases and fatalities. This disease causes significant damage to the lungs and respiratory system of humans, leading to their death. Computed tomography (CT) images of the respiratory system are analyzed in the proposed work to classify the infected people with non-infected people. Deep learning binary classification algorithms have been applied, which have shown an accuracy of 86.9% on 746 CT images of chest having COVID-19 related symptoms.

scholarly journals Machine learning approaches to predict the Plant-associated phenotype of Xanthomonas strains

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennie te Molder ◽  
Wasin Poncheewin ◽  
Peter J. Schaap ◽  
Jasper J. Koehorst
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
The World ◽  
Genome Content

Abstract Background The genus Xanthomonas has long been considered to consist predominantly of plant pathogens, but over the last decade there has been an increasing number of reports on non-pathogenic and endophytic members. As Xanthomonas species are prevalent pathogens on a wide variety of important crops around the world, there is a need to distinguish between these plant-associated phenotypes. To date a large number of Xanthomonas genomes have been sequenced, which enables the application of machine learning (ML) approaches on the genome content to predict this phenotype. Until now such approaches to the pathogenomics of Xanthomonas strains have been hampered by the fragmentation of information regarding pathogenicity of individual strains over many studies. Unification of this information into a single resource was therefore considered to be an essential step. Results Mining of 39 papers considering both plant-associated phenotypes, allowed for a phenotypic classification of 578 Xanthomonas strains. For 65 plant-pathogenic and 53 non-pathogenic strains the corresponding genomes were available and de novo annotated for the presence of Pfam protein domains used as features to train and compare three ML classification algorithms; CART, Lasso and Random Forest. Conclusion The literature resource in combination with recursive feature extraction used in the ML classification algorithms provided further insights into the virulence enabling factors, but also highlighted domains linked to traits not present in pathogenic strains.

CNN-based Prediction of COVID-19 using Chest CT Images

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250039
Author(s):  
Tanvi Arora
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The World ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Application Programs ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that is caused by the SARS-CoV2 has spread all over the world. It is an infectious disease that can spread from person to person. The severity of the disease can be categorized into five categories namely asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical. From the reported cases thus, it has been seen that 80% of the cases that test positive with COVID-19 infection have less than moderate complications, whereas 20% of the positive cases develop severe and critical complications. The virus infects the lungs of an individual, therefore, it has been observed that the X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan images of the infected people can be used by the machine learning-based application programs to predict the presence of the infection. Therefore, in the proposed work, a Convolutional Neural Network model based upon the DenseNet architecture is being used to predict the presence of COVID-19 infection using the CT scan images of the chest. The proposed work has been carried out using the dataset of the CT images from the COVID CT Dataset. It has 349 images marked as COVID-19 positive and 397 images have been marked as COVID-19 negative. The proposed system can categorize the test set images with an accuracy of 91.4%. The proposed method is capable of detecting the presence of COVID-19 infection with good accuracy using the chest CT scan images of the humans.

Analysis and Text Classification of Privacy Policies From Rogue and Top-100 Fortune Global Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Martin Boldt ◽  
Kaavya Rekanar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Privacy Policies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Policy Content

In the present article, the authors investigate to what extent supervised binary classification can be used to distinguish between legitimate and rogue privacy policies posted on web pages. 15 classification algorithms are evaluated using a data set that consists of 100 privacy policies from legitimate websites (belonging to companies that top the Fortune Global 500 list) as well as 67 policies from rogue websites. A manual analysis of all policy content was performed and clear statistical differences in terms of both length and adherence to seven general privacy principles are found. Privacy policies from legitimate companies have a 98% adherence to the seven privacy principles, which is significantly higher than the 45% associated with rogue companies. Out of the 15 evaluated classification algorithms, Naïve Bayes Multinomial is the most suitable candidate to solve the problem at hand. Its models show the best performance, with an AUC measure of 0.90 (0.08), which outperforms most of the other candidates in the statistical tests used.

scholarly journals Peacemaking interreligious dialogue: principles, objectives, forms of implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
S. V. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Dialogue Types ◽  
Original Classification

The article offers the original classification of interreligious dialogue types based on four criteria as follows. 1. «Intention» (i.e. the motivation to come into contact with a representative of another religion); 2. «Goal» (i.e. tasks and aims headed towards by the participants in the dialogue); 3. «Principles» (i.e. the starting points, which determine the interaction); 4. «Form» (i.e. participants in the dialogue). Among those the most important criterium is that if intention, which identifies the types of «polemical», «peacemaking », «cognitive» and «partnership» dialogue. These types of dialogue are lined up respectively around the following questions: «Who is right?», «How can we live together peacefully?», «Who are you?» and «What can we do to improve the world?». In the article are analyzed the possibilities of applying the approach outlined as above. As an example is used the interreligious dialogue, which aims to reconciliate the arguing parties. Special attention is additionally paid to the “diplomatic” dialogue as conducted between between heads and official representatives of religious communities.

Classification of Types of Interreligious Dialogue

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
S.V. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Comparative Theology ◽  
Theology Of Religions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Original Classification

The existing classifications of types of interreligious dialogue have significant limitations and shortcomings and do not allow us to describe this extremely complex, multi- faceted phenomenon in a systematic and complete way. This paper represents original classification of interreligious dialogue, which overcomes the disadvantages of current research approaches in this area. On the basis of the «intention» criterion, i.e. the motivation that encourages followers of different religions to come into contact with each other, four types of interreligious dialogue are distinguished: polemical, cognitive, peacemaking and partnership. These types of dialogue are lined up respectively around the following questions: Who is right?, Who are you?, How can we live together peacefully? and What can we do to improve the world?. In each of the four types of interreligious dialogue using the criteria goal (i.e. tasks headed towards by the participants in the dialogue); principles i.e. the starting points, which determine the interaction), and form (i.e. participants in the dialogue) various sorts of them are identified and described. For example, the following sorts of cognitive dialogue are considered: theological, spiritual, human (Buberian), truth-seeking dialogue, theology of religions, theology of interreligious dialogue, comparative theology. According to the author, the presented classification allows for the first time to describe different types of interreligious dialogue in a complex, systematic and interrelated way.

Russian Citizens' Representations of the Country's Position in the Geopolitical Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe, and the World

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Victor F. Petrenko ◽  
Olga V. Mitina ◽  
Kirill A. Bertnikov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Repertory Grids ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Invariant Factors

The aim of this research was the reconstruction of the system of categories through which Russians perceive the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, and the world as a whole; to study the implicit model of the geopolitical space; to analyze the stereotypes in the perception of different countries and the superposition of mental geopolitical representations onto the geographic map. The techniques of psychosemantics by Petrenko, originating in the semantic differential of Osgood and Kelly's “repertory grids,” were used as working tools. Multidimensional semantic spaces act as operational models of the structures of consciousness, and the positions of countries in multidimensional space reflect the geopolitical stereotypes of respondents about these countries. Because of the transformation of geopolitical reality representations in mass consciousness, the commonly used classification of countries as socialist, capitalist, and developing is being replaced by other structures. Four invariant factors of the countries' descriptions were identified. They are connected with Economic and Political Well-being, Military Might, Friendliness toward Russia, and Spirituality and the Level of Culture. It seems that the structure has not been explained in adequate detail and is not clearly realized by the individuals. There is an interrelationship between the democratic political structure of a country and its prosperity in the political mentality of Russian respondents. Russian public consciousness painfully strives for a new geopolitical identity and place in the commonwealth of states. It also signifies the country's interest and orientation toward the East in the search for geopolitical partners. The construct system of geopolitical perception also depends on the region of perception.

Small Industry, Gimmicks and Moscow Statistics, or How the Small Russian Enterprise Came into the World (Russian Physiological Sketch, 1830-1840)

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Yu. Golubitsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Xix Century

The article considers business practices of Moscow small industry in the XIX century, basing upon physiological sketches of N. Polevoy and I. Kokorev, statistical data and the classification of professions are also presented. The author claims that the heroes of the analyzed sketches are the forefathers of Moscow small businesses and shows what a deep similarity their occupations and a way of life bear to the present-day routine existence of small enterprises.

The Book of Tribulations: The Syrian Muslim Apocalyptic Tradition'

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cook ◽  
Nu'aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
To Come

“The Book of Tribulations by Nu`aym b. Hammad al-Marwazi (d. 844) is the earliest Muslim apocalyptic work to come down to us. Its contents focus upon the cataclysmic events to happen before the end of the world, the wars against the Byzantines, and the Turks, and the Muslim civil wars. There is extensive material about the Mahdi (messianic figure), the Muslim Antichrist and the return of Jesus, as well as descriptions of Gog and Magog. Much of the material in Nu`aym today is utilized by Salafi-jihadi groups fighting in Syria and Iraq.

“Stay with me. Talk to me”: reader interaction strategies in modern poetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-436
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Severskaya
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Communication Plan ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Communicative Context

The article is devoted to the consideration of a poetic text as a communicative phenomenon with a high impact potential. The author defines the features of poetic communication, which is both mass and interpersonal, and its main goal, which is the poet’s desire to communicate author’s vision of the world and thereby change the picture of the reader’s world, achieving empathy from it. Based on the understanding of the speech strategy as a cognitive communication plan, a program for generating and perceiving speech, the author talks about the fundamental reversibility of text-generating and interpretative strategies and offers own classification of strategies and tactics that are most often used in modern poetry. In this classification, the main communicative strategies of self-presentation and rapprochement with the reader are associated with auxiliary discursive strategies of actualizing, dramatizing and dialogizing the text and programming interpretations by tactics for highlighting objects and situations using sound “gestures”, pointing to the referent, framing, directly introducing the reader into the communicative context, attracting the recipient’s attention through appeals and pragmatic instructions, interrogation, and some others. Particular attention is paid to the multimodality of interactions and its specific manifestations in poetic discourse. The study is based on the material of Russian poetry of the 1980- 2000s using the methods of intent and discourse analysis.

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