scholarly journals Haar Wavelet Pyramid-Based Melanoma Skin Cancer Identification With Ensemble of Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sudeep D. Thepade ◽  
Gaurav Ramnani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Haar Wavelet ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Marginal Improvement ◽  
Wavelet Pyramid

Melanoma is a mortal type of skin cancer. Early detection of melanoma significantly improves the patient’s chances of survival. Detection of melanoma at an early juncture demands expert doctors. The scarcity of such expert doctors is a major issue with healthcare systems globally. Computer-assisted diagnostics may prove helpful in this case. This paper proposes a health informatics system for melanoma identification using machine learning with dermoscopy skin images. In the proposed method, the features of dermoscopy skin images are extracted using the Haar wavelet pyramid various levels. These features are employed to train machine learning algorithms and ensembles for melanoma identification. The consideration of higher levels of Haar Wavelet Pyramid helps speed up the identification process. It is observed that the performance gradually improves from the Haar wavelet pyramid level 4x4 to 16x16, and shows marginal improvement further. The ensembles of machine learning algorithms have shown a boost in performance metrics compared to the use of individual machine learning algorithms.

scholarly journals Identifying the Main Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Luis Rolando Guarneros-Nolasco ◽  
Nancy Aracely Cruz-Ramos ◽  
Giner Alor-Hernández ◽  
Lisbeth Rodríguez-Mazahua ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally. In CVDs, the heart is unable to deliver enough blood to other body regions. As an effective and accurate diagnosis of CVDs is essential for CVD prevention and treatment, machine learning (ML) techniques can be effectively and reliably used to discern patients suffering from a CVD from those who do not suffer from any heart condition. Namely, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) play a key role in the diagnosis of CVDs through predictive models that allow us to identify the main risks factors influencing CVD development. In this study, we analyze the performance of ten MLAs on two datasets for CVD prediction and two for CVD diagnosis. Algorithm performance is analyzed on top-two and top-four dataset attributes/features with respect to five performance metrics –accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and roc-auc—using the train-test split technique and k-fold cross-validation. Our study identifies the top-two and top-four attributes from CVD datasets analyzing the performance of the accuracy metrics to determine that they are the best for predicting and diagnosing CVD. As our main findings, the ten ML classifiers exhibited appropriate diagnosis in classification and predictive performance with accuracy metric with top-two attributes, identifying three main attributes for diagnosis and prediction of a CVD such as arrhythmia and tachycardia; hence, they can be successfully implemented for improving current CVD diagnosis efforts and help patients around the world, especially in regions where medical staff is lacking.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Disease Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Munder Abdulatef Al-Hashem ◽  
Ali Mohammad Alqudah ◽  
Qasem Qananwah
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Machine Learning Classification

Knowledge extraction within a healthcare field is a very challenging task since we are having many problems such as noise and imbalanced datasets. They are obtained from clinical studies where uncertainty and variability are popular. Lately, a wide number of machine learning algorithms are considered and evaluated to check their validity of being used in the medical field. Usually, the classification algorithms are compared against medical experts who are specialized in certain disease diagnoses and provide an effective methodological evaluation of classifiers by applying performance metrics. The performance metrics contain four criteria: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity forming the confusion matrix of each used algorithm. We have utilized eight different well-known machine learning algorithms to evaluate their performances in six different medical datasets. Based on the experimental results we conclude that the XGBoost and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers were the best overall among the used datasets and signs can be used for diagnosing various diseases.

scholarly journals Software Engineering for Machine Learning in Health Informatics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Moreb ◽  
Oguz Ata
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Abstract Background We propose a novel framework for health Informatics: framework and methodology of Software Engineering for machine learning in Health Informatics (SEMLHI). This framework shed light on its features, that allow users to study and analyze the requirements, determine the function of objects related to the system and determine the machine learning algorithms that will be used for the dataset.Methods Based on original data that collected from the hospital in Palestine government in the past three years, first the data validated and all outlier removed, analyzed using develop framework in order to compare ML provide patients with real-time. Our proposed module comparison with three Systems Engineering Methods Vee, agile and SEMLHI. The result used by implement prototype system, which require machine learning algorithm, after development phase, questionnaire deliver to developer to indicate the result using three methodology. SEMLHI framework, is composed into four components: software, machine learning model, machine learning algorithms, and health informatics data, Machine learning Algorithm component used five algorithms use to evaluate the accuracy for machine learning models on component.Results we compare our approach with the previously published systems in terms of performance to evaluate the accuracy for machine learning models, the results of accuracy with different algorithms applied for 750 case, linear SVG have about 0.57 value compared with KNeighbors classifier, logistic regression, multinomial NB, random forest classifier. This research investigates the interaction between SE, and ML within the context of health informatics, our proposed framework define the methodology for developers to analyzing and developing software for the health informatic model, and create a space, in which software engineering, and ML experts could work on the ML model lifecycle, on the disease level and the subtype level.Conclusions This article is an ongoing effort towards defining and translating an existing research pipeline into four integrated modules, as framework system using the dataset from healthcare to reduce cost estimation by using a new suggested methodology. The framework is available as open source software, licensed under GNU General Public License Version 3 to encourage others to contribute to the future development of the SEMLHI framework.

scholarly journals Classifying lymphoma and tuberculosis case reports using machine learning algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2857-2865
Author(s):  
Moanda Diana Pholo ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Abdel Baset Khalaf ◽  
Chunling Du
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Starting Point

Available literature reports several lymphoma cases misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, especially in countries with a heavy TB burden. This frequent misdiagnosis is due to the fact that the two diseases can present with similar symptoms. The present study therefore aims to analyse and explore TB as well as lymphoma case reports using Natural Language Processing tools and evaluate the use of machine learning to differentiate between the two diseases. As a starting point in the study, case reports were collected for each disease using web scraping. Natural language processing tools and text clustering were then used to explore the created dataset. Finally, six machine learning algorithms were trained and tested on the collected data, which contained 765 lymphoma and 546 tuberculosis case reports. Each method was evaluated using various performance metrics. The results indicated that the multi-layer perceptron model achieved the best accuracy (93.1%), recall (91.9%) and precision score (93.7%), thus outperforming other algorithms in terms of correctly classifying the different case reports.

scholarly journals Identifying the Main Risk Factors for CVD Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rolando Guarneros-Nolasco ◽  
Nancy Aracely Cruz-Ramos ◽  
Giner Alor-Hernández ◽  
Lisbeth Rodríguez-Mazahua ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

CVDs are a leading cause of death globally. In CVDs, the heart is unable to deliver enough blood to other body regions. Since effective and accurate diagnosis of CVDs is essential for CVD prevention and treatment, machine learning (ML) techniques can be effectively and reliably used to discern patients suffering from a CVD from those who do not suffer from any heart condition. Namely, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) play a key role in the diagnosis of CVDs through predictive models that allow us to identify the main risks factors influencing CVD development. In this study, we analyze the performance of ten MLAs on two datasets for CVD prediction and two for CVD diagnosis. Algorithm performance is analyzed on top-two and top-four dataset attributes/features with respect to five performance metrics –accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and roc-auc – using the train-test split technique and k-fold cross-validation. Our study identifies the top two and four attributes from each CVD diagnosis/prediction dataset. As our main findings, the ten MLAs exhibited appropriate diagnosis and predictive performance; hence, they can be successfully implemented for improving current CVD diagnosis efforts and help patients around the world, especially in regions where medical staff is lacking.

Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting the COVID-19 Outbreak

2022 ◽  
pp. 320-336
Author(s):  
Asiye Bilgili
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Model Performance Evaluation

Health informatics is an interdisciplinary field in the computer and health sciences. Health informatics, which enables the effective use of medical information, has the potential to reduce both the cost and the burden of healthcare workers during the pandemic process. Using the machine learning algorithms support vector machines, naive bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and C4.5 algorithms, a model performance evaluation was performed to identify the algorithm that will show the highest performance for the prediction of the disease. Three separate training and test datasets were created 70% - 30%, 75% - 25%, and 80% - 20%, respectively. The implementation phase of the study was carried out by following the CRISP-DM steps, and the analyses were made using the R language. By examining the model performance evaluation criteria, the findings show that the C4.5 algorithm showed the best performance with 70% training dataset.

scholarly journals Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4946
Author(s):  
Aleks Huč ◽  
Jakob Šalej ◽  
Mira Trebar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of small devices or a network of sensors, which permanently generate huge amounts of data. Usually, they have limited resources, either computing power or memory, which means that raw data are transferred to central systems or the cloud for analysis. Lately, the idea of moving intelligence to the IoT is becoming feasible, with machine learning (ML) moved to edge devices. The aim of this study is to provide an experimental analysis of processing a large imbalanced dataset (DS2OS), split into a training dataset (80%) and a test dataset (20%). The training dataset was reduced by randomly selecting a smaller number of samples to create new datasets Di (i = 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80%). Afterwards, they were used with several machine learning algorithms to identify the size at which the performance metrics show saturation and classification results stop improving with an F1 score equal to 0.95 or higher, which happened at 20% of the training dataset. Further on, two solutions for the reduction of the number of samples to provide a balanced dataset are given. In the first, datasets DRi consist of all anomalous samples in seven classes and a reduced majority class (‘NL’) with i = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 percent of randomly selected samples. In the second, datasets DCi are generated from the representative samples determined with clustering from the training dataset. All three dataset reduction methods showed comparable performance results. Further evaluation of training times and memory usage on Raspberry Pi 4 shows a possibility to run ML algorithms with limited sized datasets on edge devices.

Skin Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Arun Raj Lakshminarayanan ◽  
R. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
S. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
Saravanan Parthasarathy ◽  
Selvaprabu Jeganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cancer Prediction

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Method Based on the Combination of Nonlinear and Texture Features to Diagnose Malignant Melanoma From Dermoscopic Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Salem Ghahfarrokhi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Active Contour Model ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Nsga Ii

Abstract Skin cancer affects people of all skin tones, including those with darker complexions. Melanomas are known as the malignant tumors of skin cancer, resulting in an adverse prognosis, responsible for most deaths relating to skin cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer from dermoscopic images can significantly reduce mortality and save lives. Although several Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems with satisfactory performance have been introduced in the literature for skin cancer detection, the high false detection rate has made it inevitable to have an expert physician for more examination. In this paper, a CAD system based on machine learning algorithms is provided to classify various skin cancer types. The proposed method uses the Online Region-based Active Contour Model (ORACM) to extract the Region Of Interest (ROI) of skin lesions. This model uses a new binary level set equation and regularization operation such as morphological opening and closing.Additionally, various combinations of different textures and nonlinear features are extracted for the ROI to show the multiple aspects of skin lesions. Several metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used to remove redundant or irrelevant features and reduce the feature space dimension. These are applied to the combination of the extracted features in which, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II) as a multi-objective optimization algorithm has the best performance. Furthermore, various machine learning algorithms include K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fitting neural network (Fit net), Feed-Forward neural network (FF net), and Pattern recognition network (Pat net) are employed for the classification. Accordingly, the best-obtained precision of 99.24% based on five-fold cross-validation is attained by the selected features of texture and nonlinear indices through NSGA II, applying the pattern net classifier. Also, the comparison between this paper's experimental results and other similar works with the same dataset demonstrates the proposed method's efficiency.

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