Architecture for the Payment of Suppliers in the Supply Chain Through Web Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Sherif Barrad ◽  
Raul Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Transaction Fees ◽  
Local Companies

As organizations embrace globalization, procurement must assess international supply markets and secure partnerships with key suppliers from all over the world. In fact, as local companies continue to expand their operations internationally, they remain bound to local financial institutions and their fees. This article proposes a model aimed at minimizing transaction fees by introducing an architecture and a prototype enabling “low-fee” transaction processing between customers and suppliers across the entire supply chain. The notion of web services is proposed as a communications method to open up options to new and international financial institutions. Vendors can now negotiate fees with financial institutions from all over the world. Both the literature review and the prototype clearly demonstrate that a more efficient and cost-effective solution and technology is on the horizon to support globalization and minimize supply chain transaction costs.

Global financial architecture: possible directions of structural transformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vladimir Andrianov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Infrastructure

The article examines the main trends in the transformation of the global financial infrastructure. The influence of shadow banking and the bubble of derivatives on the development of the world capital market and the stock market is investigated. Possible options for reforming international financial institutions and financial regulators are proposed.

Novel bacterial strains for the removal of microcystins from drinking water

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lawton ◽  
A. Welgamage ◽  
P. M. Manage ◽  
C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Significant Health

Microcystins (MC) and nodularin (NOD) are common contaminants of drinking water around the world and due to their significant health impact it is important to explore suitable approaches for their removal. Unfortunately, these toxins are not always removed by conventional water treatments. One of the most exciting areas that hold promise for a successful and cost effective solution is bioremediation of microcystins. Recent work resulted in successful isolation and characterisation of 10 novel bacterial strains (Rhodococcus sp., Arthrobacter spp. and Brevibacterium sp.) capable of metabolizing microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in a Biolog MT2 assay. The work presented here aims to further investigate and evaluate the metabolism and the degradation of multiple microcystins (MC-LR, MC-LF, MC-LY, MC-LW and MC-RR) and nodularin by the bacterial isolates. A total of five bacterial isolates representing the three genera were evaluated using Biolog MT2 assay with a range of MCs where they all demonstrated an overall metabolism on all MCs and NOD. Subsequently, the results were confirmed by observing the degradation of the range of toxins in a separate batch experiment.

scholarly journals Accumulation by Any Means: Neoliberalisation and Environment in Post-Communist Europe

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Peters
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic

This paper explores water services restructuring in the post-communist Europe. The cases of the cities of St Petersburg, Russia and Tallinn, Estonia serve to trace changes in tone and timbre over the course of the post-communist transition to a market based economy. This paper is divided into two sections: we begin by placing the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in the context of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund–the International Financial Institutions significantly involved with infrastructure rebuilding. Section Two presents a brief look at specific cases of municipal water restructuring in the Baltic Region in postcommunist transition period, 1991 – 2006, brokered and funded in part by EBRD money. Tracing investments and the strategic partnerships formed in the region by the EBRD sheds light onto the development of IFI capacity and strategy since the early 1990s. The politics behind the notion described in shorthand with Harvey’s reworking of the Marxian ‘Primitive Accumulation’ is crucial to understanding the dynamics and trends often apparent in water infrastructure restructuring.

scholarly journals A Country-Level Analysis of Worldwide Official Financing by International Financial Institutions

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Tehmina Fiaz Qazi ◽  
Abdul Aziz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

This study aims to evaluate worldwide official financial flows by international financial institutions to selected 123 countries of the world. The design of the study is composed of a review of literature elicited from research databases, extraction of secondary data of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020, and mathematical analysis. In real time, cross-sectional country-level data, a classical process of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) has been applied. Results of the study show that Argentina, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, Egypt, Arab Rep., Kenya, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Chad, Tanzania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Nepal, Indonesia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Uganda have exceptionally high grey relational grade meaning thereby, having an effective system of obtaining official international financial flows. Zimbabwe, Russian Federation, Botswana, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, South Africa, Burundi, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, and Ukraine have poor grey relational grade meaning thereby, having a relatively weak system of obtaining official financial flows. It is a unique study that provides extensive information on the official financial flows of more than a hundred countries of the world and provides the basis for the informed opinion of policymakers, political governments, economic policymakers, researchers, and academia. It also provides valuable information useful for international financial institutions.

scholarly journals Human Rights and Financial Institutions: Pinning the Responsibility

2013 ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Nidhi Modani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This paper is a study of the possible human right obligations of international financial institutions. As financial institutions have not been looked upon as agencies influencing or influenced by human rights, this study becomes significant. The study is limited to international financial institutions, with a special focus on the World Bank (hereinafter ‘Bank’) and the International Monetary Fund (hereinafter ‘Fund’ or ‘IMF’). 2 Further, there is a special focus on developing nations.3

scholarly journals Supply chain finance

Bankarstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Radmila Gaćeša
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Supply Chain Financing ◽  
Trained Staff

Supply channel financing or reverse factoring can be defined as the use of financial instruments and technologies to optimize the management of working capital and liquidity, which are linked to the supply chain. This type of transaction includes the following participants: the supplier, the buyer and the factor as an intermediary. Given the available expertise, professionally trained staff, structured experience, technical equipment and some other functionalities, banks are, as factors, ideal participants in supply chain financing. The support provided by international financial institutions, some of which will be mentioned more specifically in the following text, can be a valuable opportunity to improve existing models, and to initiate new projects and install appropriate platforms, which would certainly benefit both clients and the banks themselves.

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