Optimization of Test Cases in Object-Oriented Systems Using Fractional-SMO

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Satya Sobhan Panigrahi ◽  
Ajay Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Efficient Test ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Object Oriented Systems

This paper introduces the technique to select the test cases from the unified modeling language (UML) behavioral diagram. The UML behavioral diagram describes the boundary, structure, and behavior of the system that is fed as input for generating the graph. The graph is constructed by assigning the weights, nodes, and edges. Then, test case sequences are created from the graph with minimal fitness value. Then, the optimal sequences are selected from the proposed fractional-spider monkey optimization (fractional-SMO). The developed fractional-SMO is designed by integrating fractional calculus and SMO. Thus, the efficient test cases are selected based on the optimization algorithm that uses fitness parameters, like coverage and fault. Simulations are performed via five synthetic UML diagrams taken from the dataset. The performance of the proposed technique is computed using coverage and the number of test cases. The maximal coverage of 49 and the minimal number of test cases as 2,562 indicate the superiority of the proposed technique.

Test Case Prioritization Technique Based on Error Probability and Severity of UML Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 831-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianning Zhang ◽  
Xingqi Wang ◽  
Dan Wei ◽  
Jinglong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Test Case Prioritization ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Code Coverage ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
The Cost

Test case prioritization is one of the most useful activities in testing. Most existing test case prioritization techniques are based on code coverage, which requires access to source code. However, code-based testing comes late in the software development life cycle, when errors are detected, the cost of testing is very high. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a test case prioritization technique based on Unified Modeling Language (UML) model, built before coding, to detect errors as earlier as possible and reduce the cost of modification. The technique consists of the following main parts: (1) using C&K metrics to estimate the error probability of class; (2) using dependences, obtained from the model slicing, to estimate error severity; (3) generating test case priority from error probability and severity, then prioritizing the test case. With our technique, test engineers need the UML model only and the test cases can be prioritized automatically. To evaluate our technique, we applied our technique to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) flight control system and performed test case prioritization. The results show that the error can be detected effectively and stability can be increased significantly as compared to the current code-based techniques.

scholarly journals Implementasi Algoritma A* Dalam Aplikasi Berbasis Web Untuk Menemukan Rute Terpendek Sebagai Navigasi Peta Digital Indoor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Afrizal Adam Maulana ◽  
Wijanarto Wijanarto
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Research Show

Kemajuan teknologi dan fasilitas infrastruktur saat ini seringkali mengakibatkan seseorang sulit untuk mengingat semua jalan menuju ke tempat tertentu. Lebih dari 75% sebagian orang menghabiskan waktu dalam ruangan. Ketika mereka pergi ke tempat didalam bangunan dengan dimensi dan ukuran yang berbeda-beda, seperti, bangunan bertingkat, pusat perdagangan, pusat perbelanjaan, bandara, rumah sakit dan universitas, seringkali mereka bingung untuk menuju tempat yang diinginkan dalam waktu cepat dan tepat berdasarkan informasi yang terbatas. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab dalam paper ini, bagiamana menganalisa prinsip dasar navigasi dan mendefinisikan instruksi dalam suatu domain model. Kemudian menentukan algoritma untuk menghasilkan rute terpendek. Terakhir mengimplementasikan algoritma dalam suatu aplikasi berbasis web dengan javascript. Solusinya adalah membuat model navigasi dengan unified modeling language peta digital, algoritma A-start dipilih sebagai solusi dalam menentukan rute untuk navigasi dalam peta serta membangun dan mengevaluasi aplikasi dengan javascript dan jasmine unit test. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa model yang dipilih tepat untuk dapat diimplementasikan menjadi aplikasi berbasis web dan lolos evaluasi dengan 75 test case sebesar 100%, semua fungsionalitas aplikasi berjalan sesuai disain dan menghasilkan aplikasi tanpa anomaly.Kata Kunci — Navigasi, Indoor, Rute Terpendek, A-Star.Advances in technology and infrastructure facilities today often make it difficult for people to remember all the way to a particular place. More than 75% of people spend time indoors. When they go to places in buildings of different dimensions and sizes, such as, multilevel buildings, commercial centers, shopping centers, airports, hospitals and universities, they are often confused to get to the desired place in quick and precise time based on information limited. Questions to be answered in this paper, how to analyze the basic principles of navigation and define instruction in a domain model. Then determine the algorithm to generate the shortest route. Last implemented algorithm in a web based application with javascript. The solution is to create a navigation model with a unified modeling language digital map, A-start algorithm selected as a solution in determining the route for navigation in the map as well as build and evaluate applications with javascript and jasmine unit tests. The results of the research show that the chosen model is appropriate to be implemented into web-based applications and pass the evaluation with 75 test cases of 100%, all application functionality runs according to design and produces application without anomaly.Keywords— Navigation, Indoor, Shortest Route, A-Star.

Effective Generation of Test Case Based on Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2952-2955
Author(s):  
Zhi Guo Shi ◽  
Li Ren Zou ◽  
Da Peng Tong ◽  
Ming Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Software Testing ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Activity Diagram ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Component Software ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Generating Method

With people pay more and more attention to component software testing, the generation of test case is as one of the important works of software testing, it becomes a hotspot inevitably. For component software testing, making combination of the testing method based on model and testing method based on Genetic Algorithm, this paper proposes a generating method of test case which based on UML (Unified Modeling Language) activity diagram and Genetic Algorithm, and gives the overall design and implementation steps of the method. Then this paper applies the proposed method to model the adding table business in catering management system, and design test case. The example verifies the feasibility and validity of the method.

Unified Modeling Language

2005 ◽  
pp. 2921-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fettke
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Object Oriented Systems

Mature engineering disciplines are generally characterized by accepted methodical standards for describing all relevant artifacts of their subject matter. Such standards not only enable practitioners to collaborate, but they also contribute to the development of the whole discipline. In 1994, Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson joined together to unify the plethora of existing object-oriented systems engineering approaches at semantic and notation level (Booch, 2002; Fowler, 2004; Rumbaugh, Jacobson, & Booch, 1998). Their effort led to the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a well-known, general-purpose, tool-supported, process-independent, and industry-standardized modeling language for visualizing, describing, specifying, and documenting systems artifacts. Table 1 depicts the origin and descent of UML.

Constraints on Conceptual Join Paths

2011 ◽  
pp. 258-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Object Role Modeling ◽  
Object Oriented Systems

To ensure that a software system accurately reflects the business domain that it models, the system needs to enforce the business rules (constraints and derivation rules) that apply to that domain. From a conceptual modeling perspective, many application domains involve constraints over one or more conceptual schema paths that include one or more conceptual joins (where the same conceptual object plays roles in two relationships). Popular information modeling approaches typically provide only weak support for such conceptual join constraints. This chapter contrasts how these join constraints are catered for in object-role modeling (ORM), the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the Object-oriented Systems Model (OSM), and some popular versions of entity-relationship (ER) modeling. Three main problems for rich support for join constraints are identified: disambiguation of schema paths, disambiguation of join types, and mapping of join constraints to implementation code. To address these problems, some notational, metamodel, and mapping extensions are proposed.

Scenario Based Test Case Generation Using Activity Diagram and Action Semantics

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-321
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani ◽  
Maryam Zaffar ◽  
Reham Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Activity Diagram ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Dependency Graphs ◽  
Action Semantics ◽  
Activity Diagrams ◽  
State Charts

Scenario is an account of description of user interaction with the system, presented in a sequence. They can be represented using unified modeling language (UML) diagrams such as use case diagram, state charts, activity diagrams etc. Scenario-based testing can be performed at higher abstraction level using the design diagrams. In this work activity diagrams are used which are annotated with action semantics to test scenario dependencies. The action semantics make activity diagram executable and the dependencies between multiple scenarios can be seen at execution level. The authors intend to propose an approach for scenario dependency testing. Dependency graphs will be then generated against all the dependencies present on activity diagram under test. The test paths extracted from these dependency graphs help in testing.

Modeling an Object-Oriented Accounting System with Computer-Aided Software Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Levitan ◽  
Jian Guan ◽  
Andrew T. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Sequence Diagrams ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Object Oriented Systems ◽  
Computer Aided Software Engineering

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this case is, first, to provide students with an experience in systems modeling, using facts gathered through interviews with employees who may not be skilled in presenting their responsibilities in a systematic, logical, sequential manner. Second, students will gain actual hands-on experience learning and using a leading modeling language, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), through a popular Computer-Aided Software Engineering (C.A.S.E.) tool. Finally, the students will be using those interview facts to model an object-oriented system for processing cash receipts. In that effort, they will learn and apply the unique documentation techniques used in analyzing and designing object-oriented systems with design features such as use cases, class diagrams with inheritance, and sequence diagrams.

Embedded Software Formalization Testing Method and its Application in Missile-Borne Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Ji Cun Ma ◽  
Xing Lin Qi ◽  
Jing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Software Testing ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Embedded Software ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Z Language ◽  
Collection Methods

The formal modeling method can accurately describe systems. Using formal method to test software improves the efficiency of software testing and it is comprehensive. Common real-time embedded software formal testing methods include Z language, finite state machine (FSM) and unified modeling language (UML), Petri net and time input/output automata (TIOA). This paper analyzes the characteristics of embedded software testing. The above formal methods and test case coverage criterions and test data collection methods are introduced. Combined with the characteristics of missile-borne software, this paper presents suitable ideas of testing missile-borne software.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Multiview Test Case Generation Technique for Object-oriented Software using Class and Activity Diagrams

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Software Testing ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Test Case Generation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Software Faults ◽  
Single View ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
Uml Models

Software testing is one of the vital steps in software development life cycle. Test case generation is the first process in software testing which takes a lot of time, cost and effort to build an effective product from the start. Automatic test case generation is the best way to address this issue and model-based test case generation approach would be suitable for this automation process. One way to generate test cases automatically is by generating test cases from Unified Modeling Language (UML) models. The challenge with the existing test case generation techniques using UML models is that they provide a single view, meaning that the techniques capture a single aspect of the system, such as structural or behavioral but not both. In this paper, we have successfully developed a technique that automatically generates test cases which capture both structural and behavioral views of the system. These test cases can help to discover software faults early in the software development cycle. Finally, we conducted an experiment by comparing our technique with a manual process. The results show that the proposed technique can produce same test cases as manually writing test cases of the same system model but this technique saves a lot of time, effort and cost as well.

scholarly journals Uml based test cases generation for the centralised control system of high speed maglev

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3 suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Lun Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Zhao ◽  
Xiyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
State Diagram ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Activity Diagram ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Train Operation

Background: The high speed maglev centralized control subsystem (CCS), which realizes the display, automatic train operation (ATO) and diagnose. The CCS is an important security assurance for train operation. System testing (ST) can detect design defects early and performed effective repair to improve the efficiency of the system’ on-site coordinated operation. Therefore, the quality of test cases directly determines the achievements and efficiency of CCS, and it is necessary to be tested before put it into use. Aim: The generation of test case of centralized control subsystem is proposed. Methods: In order to meet the requirements of the system, the first step is operating the extraction of functional features.  Then, the unified modeling language is using to develop the test model in this paper. Then the corresponding unified modeling language models, use case diagram, state diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram, are developed. The state diagram of operation process is using to describe the state transition during the period from initial state of the OTS to the completion of the operation. The activity diagram of train operation process focuses on the control relationship during the period from one activity to another, which can describe the interaction exactly between OTS, DCS and VCS. The sequence diagram, behavior of use case, focuses on the sequence of information sent by objectives, in which a group of objectives and information transfer are presented. And according to these models, the test cases of the specified case are generated. Results: The generated test cases are all executed in the developed lab-test system. The results show that the generated test cases can fully simulate the common situations of the operation scene, and effectively improve the test efficiency and test quality. We designed the experiments as followings: 85 test cases for terminal system design of operator, 68 test cases for train automatic operation design, 31 test cases for central diagnostic system design. All of the designed test cases are examined through the test platform, covering all main scenes in operation process. The errors or detects found in tests are solved by finding the reasons and modifying the code, etc. Finally, the pass rate of the method proposed in this paper is 100 %.  Conclusion: The UML based method of test case generation implements the generation process and achieves the test cases and verification for CCS. Through the test practice, test cases designed can fully simulate all kinds of common situations in the operation site. What’s more, the test cases also realize early detection of errors and defects in the system and repair them. It is useful to improve the efficiency on-site testing process, to reduce the cost of time and test quality. The method can provide theoretical basis and reference for further testing of high speed maglev CCS.

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