Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh

During the liberation war in 1971 a nationalist weave emerged which gives Bangladeshis a spirit of freedom and dignity of independence but it also results on more reserved position in case of economic policy. Policy makers at that period used to see foreign companies access with a negative eyes. Foreign investments were discouraged as a result foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in Bangladesh till 1980 is very insignificant. The growth of Bangladesh's FDI inflow was around US$ 308 – 356 million for long fifteen years (1980 – 1995) which started with an amount of US $ 0.090 million in 1972. Afterwards this concept has been changed into a reverse position and government start encouraging foreign direct investment from 1990s. A series of policy incentives, investment sovereignty has been offered to the FDI investors including tax holiday for several years, duty free facility for importing capital machinery, 100% foreign ownership, 100% profit repatriation facility, reinvestment of profit or dividend as FDI, multiple visa, work permit to foreign executives, permanent resident or even citizenship for investing a specific amount, Export Processing Zone (EPZ) facility, and easy hassle free exit facility. Potential sectors of can attract more FDI are power generation, infrastructure development, private port establishment, joint venture with deep sea port establishment under PPP, ship building, ICT sector, call center, education, healthcare, mining, gas extraction, agro processed product, electrical & electronics, light engineering, and fashion designing etc. After so many incentives offered by the government till now FDI Inflow into Bangladesh is not at a satisfactory level. During last few years fresh FDI investment in not taking place. From the statistics of last few years it is quite clear that, reinvestment of locally earned profit is the major amount of FDI into Bangladesh. Fresh FDI inflow is decreasing day by day. Government has to investigate the issue and undertake necessary measures to increase fresh FDI into Bangladesh.

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Growth of Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Textile Sector

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1038.0982s1019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S10) ◽

pp. 222-227

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Business Environment ◽

Stock Exchanges ◽

Policy Regime ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

Tax Exemptions ◽

The Government ◽

Textile Sector

Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating employment. The Indian government’s favorable policy regime and robust business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others. The proposed paper deals with the structure and growth in FDI in Indian Textiles sector during the post reforms periods in India.

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Foreign Direct Investment in Insurance Sector: A Key for Better Insurance Penetration

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c1076.1083s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3S) ◽

pp. 358-362

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Global Economy ◽

Joint Venture ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Equity Capital ◽

Insurance Market ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Insurance Sector ◽

The Government

One of the most attractive developments during the last two decades is the brilliant growth of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the global economy. Foreign direct investment is major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of lower wages, special investment such as tax exemptions, etc. The insurance sector has been fast developing with substantial revenue growth in insurance market. FDI in insurance would increase the penetration of insurance in India, FDI helps India in long term capital requirement to develop the infrastructures. Insurance sector is a booming industry in India with both National and International players competing and growing at rapid rate. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) is in favour of an increase in foreign equity capital in the insurance joint venture. The public sector Insurance companies have continued to dominate the insurance market. India is among the most promising emerging insurance markets in the world. However the penetration of insurance coverage for both life and nonlife insurance is still very less and registered at 3.69% in 2019. The main objective of this paper is to know the benefits of foreign direct investment in insurance sector, and to know the government initiatives regarding insurance sector.

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Foreign Direct Investment Opportunities in Infrastructure Development

Foreign Direct Investments ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 225-235

Author(s):

Madhuri Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Output Growth ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Speed Up ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Government ◽

Infrastructure Services

India's rising growth trajectory requires rapidly expanding infrastructure facilities to support it. The availability of efficient infrastructure services is an important determinant of the pace of market development and output growth. Access to affordable infrastructure services for consumption purposes serves to improve household welfare, particularly among the poor. The potential contribution of infrastructure to economic growth and poverty reduction has not been fully realized, and existing infrastructure stock and services fall far short of the requirements. The Government recognises the fact that domestic resources alone may not be adequate to sustain the required expansion in infrastructure, and hence it has followed a strategy to create incentives for Foreign Direct Investment in infrastructure sector. This study examines the current state of infrastructure in emerging India, use of FDI is infrastructure sector and policy measures to be taken up to speed up infrastructure growth in India.

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The Analysis of Factors Affecting Foreign Investment in Indonesia

Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business ◽

10.14421/grieb.2015.031-05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 059

Author(s):

Nur Cahyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Series Data ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

The Government

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has important role in Indonesian economic development and becomes the engine of growth for the economy. For all this reason, the government starts doing promotions attracting foreign investors to invest in Indonesia by issuing a number of policies. In fact, some foreign companies have left from Indonesia. This research aims at determining the effect of GDP, inflation, and infrastructure toward Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia from 1981 until 2014. It uses time series data and Error Correction Model (ECM) as the method. Based on analysis findings, all variables used by stationary in first difference, dependent and independent variables in the equation of co-integrating regression has long-term relationship. In the short term, GDP and Infrastructure do not have a significant influence, while inflation has a negative influence and significant in α 5% toward Foreign Direct Investment. In the long term, GDP and Infrastructure have a positive effect and significant at α 5%, while inflation does not have a significant influence to Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia.

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Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Industry in India

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c1083.1083s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3S) ◽

pp. 388-391

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Government Policy ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Tax Incentives ◽

Retail Industry ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Retail Market ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The Government of India was initially very apprehensive of the introduction of the Foreign Direct Investment in the Retail Sector in India. The unorganized retail sector as has been mentioned earlier occupies 98% of the retail sector and the rest 2% is contributed by the organized sector. The unorganized retail sector contributes about 14% to the GDP and absorbs about 7% of our labor force. Retail is the sale of goods to end users, not for resale, but for use and consumption by the purchaser. The retail transaction is at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturers sell large quantities of products to retailers, and retailers sell small quantities of those products to consumers. This study has been undertaken foreign direct investment has affected the Indian retail industry. The inflow of foreign direct investment has boosted growth in the retail industry and increased the gross domestic product of India. Government policy and other determinants have been discussed to study and analyze the impact. The Indian retail market is a developing market and has potential for investments. There had been a restriction in the inflow of foreign direct investment till 2006. But since 2006, there has been a positive change in the government policy thereby allowing foreign companies to invest in India and become an owner. The paper elucidates the growth between different sectors of Indian retail industry, the tax incentives and determinants for inflow of foreign direct investment. This study focuses on foreign direct investment inflows in selected retail sectors

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Foreign Direct Investment Opportunities in Infrastructure Development

Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics - Handbook of Research on Economic, Financial, and Industrial Impacts on Infrastructure Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2361-1.ch015 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 302-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madhuri Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Output Growth ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Speed Up ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Government ◽

Infrastructure Services

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Influence of foreign direct investment on domestic investment in the Russian economy

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2020-5-69-85 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 69-85

Author(s):

I. M. Drapkin ◽

S. A. Lukyanov ◽

A. A. Bokova

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Crowding Out ◽

Domestic Investment ◽

Empirical Estimation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Firm Level ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

Russian Economy ◽

The Government

The paper is devoted to the empirical estimation of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment in the Russian economy. The results suggest that there are crowding-out effects of FDI on the Russian economy. Using the firm-level database for 2008—2017, we analyze the presence of foreign companies in the Russian economy on the region, industry and industry in region levels. On the regional level the statistically significant effects of crowding out domestic investment are identified for state-owned, large as well as less effective companies. On the industry level the negative effects of crowding out are observed in case when FDI share in the industry exceeds 25. Estimating the effect of FDI presence on the industry in the region level, we reveal crowding out effects mainly for private and more effective national companies. Analyzing the effects in case of different levels of FDI in the economy, we do not find support for the hypothesis of adaptation of national companies for foreign companies’ presence in the economy. The paper suggests that the government policy in FDI regulation should focus on mitigation of the effects of pushing national companies off the market, and also creating conditions for cooperation of foreign and domestic companies.

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Role of foreign direct investment – As a strategic move towards growth, economic integration and development

International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education ◽

10.1177/0020720921996597 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002072092199659

Author(s):

Rima H BinSaeed

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Vital Role ◽

Foreign Investors ◽

Technological Infrastructure ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Vision 2030 ◽

International Investors ◽

The Government

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure has shown a major progress in business opportunities for overseas investors. Saudi Arabia’s education sector is one of the most attractive investment opportunities for the foreign investors Earlier in 2019, 9 new foreign education enterprises were granted investor licenses, amounting to a total of $141mn of investment deals. The Saudi government introduced Saudi Vision 2030, an aspiring development plan that foresees vital prospects for foreign investors in the regions of education, housing, health and energy, amongst others. In 2016, Saudi Arabia permitted the procurement of 100% of assets by foreign investors in retail and wholesale trade. A privatisation program has also been introduced. The government also attempts to attract FDI in the regions of renewable energy and entertainment. A foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a vital role in local and international economy. Several opportunities and ventures are encouraged by Saudi Arabia to improve the standard of business and economical environments. To accomplish the finances for the projects SAGIA, the lawful authority is there to smooth the progress of investments, which encourages Saudi FDI prospective to grow simultaneously. FDI has a greater scope for diverse businesses and investing in to underdeveloped industrial sectors. FDI plays an important role in boosting the economy of Saudi Arabia by managing international investors who shares the huge portion of 34% in General GDP (Gross domestic product) of Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to review the literature to shed light on the steps taken by the government to increase FDI in the country and what are the current trends that are helping to fulfil VISION 2030.

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Infrastructure Joint Venture Projects in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183401020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 01020

Author(s):

Norsyakilah Romeli ◽

Faridah Muhamad Halil ◽

Faridah Ismail ◽

Muhammad Sufian Hasim

Keyword(s):

Joint Venture ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Developed Country ◽

Survey Question ◽

Construction Period ◽

Railway Infrastructure ◽

Infrastructure Project ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Spss Software ◽

The Government

As many developed country practise, the function of the infrastructure is to connect the each region of Malaysia holistically and infrastructure is an investment network projects such as transportation water and sewerage, power, communication and irrigations system. Hence, a billions allocations of government income reserved for the sake of the infrastructure development. Towards a successful infrastructure development, a joint venture approach has been promotes by 2016 in one of the government thrust in Construction Industry Transformation Plan which encourage the internationalisation among contractors. However, there is depletion in information on the actual practise of the infrastructure joint venture projects in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempt to explore the real application of the joint venture in Malaysian infrastructure projects. Using the questionnaire survey, a set of survey question distributed to the targeted respondents. The survey contained three section which the sections are respondent details, organizations background and project capital in infrastructure joint venture project. The results recorded and analyse using SPSS software. The contractors stated that they have implemented the joint venture practice with mostly the client with the usual construction period of the infrastructure project are more than 5 years. Other than that, the study indicates that there are problems in the joint venture project in the perspective of the project capital and the railway infrastructure should be given a highlights in future study due to its high significant in term of cost and technical issues.

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Economic Actors' Lobbying Influence on the Prospects for War and Peace

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818313000283 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 863-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephen G. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Global Economy ◽

Economic Globalization ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Special Interests ◽

War And Peace ◽

The Past ◽

The Government

AbstractPolitical scientists and economists have long been interested in the role of special interests in the policymaking process. In the past few years, a series of important new books have argued forcefully that the lobbying activities of economic actors have an important influence on the prospects for war and peace. All of these analyses claim that whether economic actors enhance or decrease the likelihood of conflict ultimately depends on the domestic political balance between economic actors who have a strong vested interest in pushing for peace versus those that do not. I advance two contrary arguments. At least among the advanced states, I posit there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference. All of the identified mechanisms that previously contributed to such lobbying in these states have been swept away with the end of colonialism and the rise of economic globalization. In particular, I show that the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras. My second argument concerns those economic actors in advanced states with a preference for peace. I posit that it has become unnecessary for them to directly lobby the government to avoid war on economic grounds because economic globalization—the accumulation of decisions by economic actors throughout the globe—now has sufficiently clear economic incentives for leaders.

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