scholarly journals Influence of xylanase and vitamin A in wheat-based diet on performance, nutrients digestibility, small intestinal morphology and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Khoramabadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Akbari ◽  
Fariborz Khajali ◽  
Hossein Noorani ◽  
Enayat Rahmatnejad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

Impact of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, chyme viscosity, and enzymes activity of broilers fed corn-soybean diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbo Liu ◽  
Kun Xing ◽  
Ran Ning ◽  
Sergi Carné ◽  
Xingqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300 and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn-Soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr and Phe (P < 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn-SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P < 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P < 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE) (P < 0.05) when compared to those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P < 0.001) and stachyose (P < 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 days (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal amino acid digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Proteomic Profile of Newly Harvested Corn and Metagenomic Analysis of the Broiler Intestinal Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafei Yin ◽  
Youli Wang ◽  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Yuqin Wu ◽  
Xiaoyi Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

Abstract BackgroundThe use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens. MethodsNewly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7d Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens. ResultsPasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P≤0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens. ConclusionsStorage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Effect of processed quinoa on performance traits, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Zeyghami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Jafari ◽  
Mehrdad Irani
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Restrictions on access to important components of poultry rations such as corn and soybean meal are among the biggest issues in the poultry feed industry. Quinoa with a very high nutritional value can be a good alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of processed quinoa seeds on performance, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens. The present experiment was performed with 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 15 chickens per pen in a completely randomized design. Hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods were used to process quinoa seeds. Apart from the control treatment, 15% of quinoa seeds were included in the other treatments. The studied traits were recorded. The general linear model procedure in SAS software was used to compare the means of treatments. The effect of processing methods on body weight, feed conversion ratio, total protein, uric acid, and blood cholesterol, villi height, crypt villi depth, and length to depth ratio of cryogenic villi of jejunum were significant (P<0.01). Quinoa processing improved its nutritional properties. In general, extrusion and expansion processing methods were more effective than the hydrothermal method in improving the quality of quinoa.

scholarly journals Performance, intestinal histomorphology and bone composition of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with genistein

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
M. Glisic ◽  
M. Boskovic ◽  
M. Z. Baltic ◽  
D. Sefer ◽  
A. Radovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The effect of dietary genistein on performance, intestinal morphology, caecal Lactobacillus spp. count, and tibia composition in broiler chickens after 21 and 37 days of feeding was investigated. A total of 360 Cobb 500 broiler chickens (21 days old) were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates of 12 birds each. They were fed a basal diet (C) or a basal diet supplemented with 200 (T1), 400 (T2), 600 (T3) and 800 (T4) mg genistein/kg of feed. Genistein supplementation did not affect feed intake, but improved bodyweight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) after 21 days, while 600 mg/kg led to a significant increase in FCR after 37 days of feeding. Plasma triglyceride level decreased with dietary genistein after 21 days, while increases were found in T3 and T4 groups after prolonged supplementation. Significantly improved duodenal and jejunal villus length and width, crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio were observed after the first and the second finishing periods, respectively, while adverse effects were found in the ileum for both periods. At 42 days old, greater spleen and heart weights were measured in broilers fed diets with 800 mg/kg than in other broiler groups. The shorter genistein supplementation period (21 days) of 200 and 400 mg/kg had a positive effect on tibia wet weight, ash and calcium (Ca) content, while 37 days of the higher genistein doses administered to the T2, T3 and T4 birds significantly increased caecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. Thus, recommended doses should not exceed 400 mg/kg. Keywords: broiler performance, blood triglyceride, Lactobacillus, prolonged fattening, small intestinal morphology

scholarly journals Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliin newly-weaned pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McDonald ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
D. J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Accelerate Development ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Small Intestinal Villus

Sources of viscous soluble fibre, such as barley and oats, have often been included in the weaning diet of the pig to accelerate development of the large intestine. Inclusion of a non-fermentable, viscous compound, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), in a low-fibre weaning diet was tested to assess the influence of digesta viscosity on the gut in the absence of increased fermentation. Two CMC sources, of low and high viscosity, were added to cooked rice-based diet at 40 g/kg total diet. A third control rice diet did not contain any CMC. Diets were fed for 13 d following weaning at 3 weeks of age. Addition of CMC to the diet significantly increased the intestinal viscosity of digesta within the small (P<0·001) and large (P<0·05) intestine. No simple association was found between increases in intestinal viscosity and effects on intestinal morphology and whole-body growth. The average empty-body-weight gain and the small intestinal villus height increased with low-viscosity CMC, but decreased with the high-viscosity CMC group. The full large intestinal weight increased in all pigs fed CMC. Dietary CMC (both low- and high-viscosity) increased the percentage moisture of digesta and faeces, and was associated with increased faecal shedding of enterotoxigenic haemolyticEscherichia coli. Feed ingredients in weaning diets that excessively increase the viscosity of the intestinal digesta may be detrimental to pig health and production.

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