Fermentation kinetics and in vitro degradation rates of grasses of the genus Cynodon

The present study aimed to evaluate the fermentation kinetics and degradation rates of Cynodon grasses estimated by semi-automated technique of in vitro gas production. The forages were: Coastcross, Tifton 85 and Tifton 68. Pressure readings were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Dry matter degradability (DMD) was obtained by the percentage of dry matter (DM) remaining after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours of fermentation. Tifton 85 showed a higher total gas production (p <0.05). Higher fermentation rates were found at the beginning of fermentation followed by subsequent reduction (p <0.05) over time. Tifton 85 and Tifton 68 showed higher values (p < 0.05) for soluble fraction, potentially degradable insoluble fraction, insoluble fraction, potential and effective degradability of dry matter in relation to Coastcross grass. Higher gas production during in vitro incubation of dry matter was observed for Tifton 85 g.

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Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3996-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Kamalak ◽

O. Canbolat ◽

Y. Gurbuz ◽

O. Ozay

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Gas Production ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Production Technique ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 – ect). In all incubations there were significant (P < 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)gas and (a + b)is or (a + b)gas and EDMDis) whereas there were no significant (P > 0.05) correlations between cgas and cis or bgas and bis. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters.

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Inclusion of yeast waste as a protein source to replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture on ruminal fermentation and gas kinetics using in vitro gas production technique

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18491 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 1682

Author(s):

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Chanadol Supapong ◽

Benjamad Khonkhaeng ◽

Metha Wanapat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Gas Production ◽

Protein Source ◽

Production Technique ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Concentrate Mixture

This experiment was conducted to investigate the utilisation of yeast waste as protein source to replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture on kinetic of gas, rumen ammonia-nitrogen and digestibility of nutrients by using in vitro gas production technique. The experimental design was a completely randomised design and the dietary treatments were replacing soybean meal with yeast wastein concentrate at the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, respectively. Yeast waste was obtained from KSL Green Innovation Public Co. Limited, Thailand. The gas production was recorded at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. The yeast waste contained 26.4% crude protein. Gas production from soluble fractions (a), gas production from the insoluble fraction (b), potential extent of gas production (a+b) and the gas production rate constants for the insoluble fraction (c) were not altered when increasing concentration of yeast waste replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05). Cumulative gas production (at 96 h of incubation) ranged from 69.3 to 72.8 mL and was similar among treatments. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was linearly increased (P < 0.05) whereas ruminal pH did not alter when inclusion various levels of yeast waste replacing soybean meal, which ranged from 15.2 to 19.1 mg/dL and 6.90 to 6.94, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro organic matter digestibility did not changed by increasing levels of yeast waste in the diets (P > 0.05), except only in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h, which higher in soybean meal:yeast waste at 25:75 ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, propionate (C3) molar was linearly higher when compared between inclusion yeast waste and the control group whereas acetate was decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) and protozoal population tended to be decreased (P = 0.07) when increasing the level of replacing yeast waste. In conclusion, yeast waste could replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture with no negative effect on gas kinetics, rumen fermentation and in vitro digestibility, and therefore its use in animal feeding would contribute to a reduction in environmental pollution.

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In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of diets containing oldman saltbush hay and forage cactus, using a cattle inoculum

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-6937 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.S.L. Tosto ◽

G.G.L. Araújo ◽

L.G.P. Ribeiro ◽

L.T. Henriques ◽

D.R. Menezes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Lag Time ◽

Gas Production ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Production Rates ◽

Fermentation Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate, by means of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, fermentation kinetics of carbohydrates and degradability of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of diets containing oldman saltbush hay levels (8.4; 18.8; 31.2 and 48.3%) associated to forage cactus in natura. Pressure readings of the gases were done with a pressure transducer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72 and 96h post-inoculation. The rumen kinetics was described by the following parameters: maximum potential of gas production, lag time and production rates of gas (k), fibrous carbohydrates (FC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). It could be observed that the addition of oldman saltbush hay to the diets promoted a quadratic effect in the production of gases originated from NFC. However, there was no significant effect on the production of gases originated from FC and on production rates of gases from NFC and FC. The degradability of DM and OM did not differ due to the addition of oldman saltbush hay. The use of 8.4% hay and 74.9% forage cactus promoted the maximum potential of production of gases from the fibrous fraction of diets containing cactus and oldman saltbush hay.

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Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10111957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1957

Author(s):

Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽

Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽

María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽

Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽

Mogens Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

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Comparison of four in vitro gas production methods to study rumen fermentation kinetics of starch rich feeds

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596379 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 196-196

Author(s):

S. Fakhri ◽

A. R. Moss ◽

D.I. Givens ◽

E. Owen

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Methods ◽

Fermentation Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Kinetics Of

Recently, the automatic in vitro gas production techniques (e.g. Cone. 1994; Theodorou et al., 1994) have been developed to study rumen fermentation kinetics. Many approaches have been taken. This work investigates the suitability of different methods for estimating the rumen fermentation of two starch rich feedstuffs.

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Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽

A. R. F. Lucena ◽

T. V. C. Nascimento ◽

L. M. L. Moura ◽

P. D. R. Marcelino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

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The nutritional evaluation of forage-based mixed rations in New Zealand using an in vitro gas production technique. 1: analytical survey

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.3920/jaan2021.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

N.D. Meads ◽

R. Tahmasbi ◽

N. Jantasila

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Environmental Science ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Real Data ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock are an important consideration in environmental science. Estimating GHG production can be problematic at a farm or animal level, and requires controlled conditions to produce real data. An in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was developed to evaluate forage-based total mixed rations in digestion kinetics and GHG production. Two hundred and sixty samples of complete mixed rations (MR), which included a pasture component used in commercial lactating dairy herds, were collected around NZ across three calendar years, 2017-2019. Twenty of the 260 samples were 100% total mixed rations (TMR) with no pasture content. The samples were submitted for proximate analysis as well as IVGPT to generate GHG production figures. The results showed an average total gas production (TGP) of 129.82 ml/g dry matter (DM), 78.6% true digestibility (TDMD), 125.06 mg/g DM microbial biomass (MB), 20.16 g CH4/kg DM, and 12.8 MJME/kg DM. The average nutrient composition was dry matter (DM) 31.55%, crude protein (CP) 21.85%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 44.35%, and starch 7.03%. The IVGPT CH4 production was negatively correlated to NDF (r=-0.312), ADF (r=-0.193), TGP (r=-0.216), and was positively correlated with TDMD (r=0.250), apparent digestibility (ADMD) (r=0.614), starch (r=0.117) and volatile fatty acids (r=0.538). The MR diet showed a strong positive relationship with ADMD digestibility (P=0.01) and a negative relationship with fibre content (NDF, P=0.01 and ADF, P=0.01). However, CH4 production reduced linearly with increasing TGP (P=0.01). The results indicated that a greater CH4 production may be related to higher digestibility of mixed ration.

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