scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

scholarly journals The nutritional evaluation of forage-based mixed rations in New Zealand using an in vitro gas production technique. 1: analytical survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N.D. Meads ◽  
R. Tahmasbi ◽  
N. Jantasila
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock are an important consideration in environmental science. Estimating GHG production can be problematic at a farm or animal level, and requires controlled conditions to produce real data. An in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) was developed to evaluate forage-based total mixed rations in digestion kinetics and GHG production. Two hundred and sixty samples of complete mixed rations (MR), which included a pasture component used in commercial lactating dairy herds, were collected around NZ across three calendar years, 2017-2019. Twenty of the 260 samples were 100% total mixed rations (TMR) with no pasture content. The samples were submitted for proximate analysis as well as IVGPT to generate GHG production figures. The results showed an average total gas production (TGP) of 129.82 ml/g dry matter (DM), 78.6% true digestibility (TDMD), 125.06 mg/g DM microbial biomass (MB), 20.16 g CH4/kg DM, and 12.8 MJME/kg DM. The average nutrient composition was dry matter (DM) 31.55%, crude protein (CP) 21.85%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 44.35%, and starch 7.03%. The IVGPT CH4 production was negatively correlated to NDF (r=-0.312), ADF (r=-0.193), TGP (r=-0.216), and was positively correlated with TDMD (r=0.250), apparent digestibility (ADMD) (r=0.614), starch (r=0.117) and volatile fatty acids (r=0.538). The MR diet showed a strong positive relationship with ADMD digestibility (P=0.01) and a negative relationship with fibre content (NDF, P=0.01 and ADF, P=0.01). However, CH4 production reduced linearly with increasing TGP (P=0.01). The results indicated that a greater CH4 production may be related to higher digestibility of mixed ration.

scholarly journals Residue of propolis extract in bovine diets with increasing levels of protein on rumen fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Junior Teixeira Nascimento ◽  
Rafael Monteiro Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Thierry Ribeiro Tomich ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Tânia Dayana do Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the residue from the extraction of propolis, added to bovine diets with increasing levels of protein, on ruminal fermentation in vitro. For this, the in vitro gas production technique was used. Incubation was carried out with inocula from three fistulated cows, in three periods. In each period, a cow received a daily dose of 100 g propolis residue. Four diets were evaluated: corn silage (control); and 25, 50, and 75% concentrate based on soybean meal. The following were determined: kinetics of rumen fermentation; dry matter degradation; production of gases, volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), methane, and ammonia nitrogen; and pH. The inclusion of 14.4, 15.1, and 9.5% propolis residue, respectively, to 25, 50, and 75% concentrate increased the production of gases from the degradation of fibrous carbohydrates, when compared with the control. The propolis residue reduces methane production and the acetate:propionate ratio at all tested concentrate inclusion levels.

scholarly journals Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Leaves Of Grass ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Kinetics Of Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of Urochloa exotic grasses to quantify aspects of anti-quality and to identify their correlation with quality grasses. We evaluated the grasses U. humidicola cv. Comum, U. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, D70 U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis ecotype R124, and we grouped them into summer, autumn, winter and spring. We determined the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, levels of protodioscin and cumulative gas production from the leaves of grass materials in nature. Basilisk and D70 showed higher content protodioscin in all seasons, with the highest values (31.4 and 27.4 g kg-1, respectively) in spring. D70 had a crude protein content of 140.0 g kg-1 in summer and a better in vitro digestibility of dry matter (888.7 g kg-1). R124 had a higher cumulative gas production in the spring (16.44 mL gas 100 mg DM-1). U. humidicola (Comum and BRS Tupi) presented lower protodioscin concentrations (1.22 and 1.07 g kg DM-1, respectively), and U. decumbens (Basilisk and D70) presented higher concentrations (27.25 and 24.55 g kg DM-1, respectively). The presence of protodioscin interfered with in vitro digestibility results and cumulative gas production in vitro.

Effects of nitrate supplementation and forage level on gas production, nitrogen balance and dry-matter degradation in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
M. Sharifi ◽  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
A. A. Khadem ◽  
A. Hosseinkhani ◽  
H. Mohammadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrate supplementation on dry-matter (DM) degradation and ruminal fermentation parameters by using in vitro gas production and in situ technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM degradation in the presence or absence of nitrate were recorded at all incubation times. At all incubation times, diets incubated with nitrate gave a significantly lower gas production than did the other diets, except at 2-h incubation. Ruminal DM degradation did not differ among the experimental treatments. Furthermore, at most incubation times, total volatile fatty acids in diets containing nitrate were lower than those in the other treatments. Nitrate supplementation considerably increased gas production from the insoluble fraction, whereas it decreased gas production from the quickly soluble fraction, and potential gas production. Moreover, in all incubations, there were significant correlations between gas production and in situ DM-degradation parameters. The control diet had the greatest retained nitrogen content, but the diets containing nitrate had the greatest faecal nitrogen. The results showed that nitrate addition resulted in a lower gas production and volatile fatty acid production in in vitro assay. It was concluded that considering the strong posetive relationship between the two methodologies, the degradability parameters can be predicted from obtained gas production.

scholarly journals In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of diets containing oldman saltbush hay and forage cactus, using a cattle inoculum

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.L. Tosto ◽  
G.G.L. Araújo ◽  
L.G.P. Ribeiro ◽  
L.T. Henriques ◽  
D.R. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate, by means of the semi-automated in vitro gas production technique, fermentation kinetics of carbohydrates and degradability of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of diets containing oldman saltbush hay levels (8.4; 18.8; 31.2 and 48.3%) associated to forage cactus in natura. Pressure readings of the gases were done with a pressure transducer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 28, 34, 48, 72 and 96h post-inoculation. The rumen kinetics was described by the following parameters: maximum potential of gas production, lag time and production rates of gas (k), fibrous carbohydrates (FC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). It could be observed that the addition of oldman saltbush hay to the diets promoted a quadratic effect in the production of gases originated from NFC. However, there was no significant effect on the production of gases originated from FC and on production rates of gases from NFC and FC. The degradability of DM and OM did not differ due to the addition of oldman saltbush hay. The use of 8.4% hay and 74.9% forage cactus promoted the maximum potential of production of gases from the fibrous fraction of diets containing cactus and oldman saltbush hay.

Comparison of four in vitro gas production methods to study rumen fermentation kinetics of starch rich feeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S. Fakhri ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

Recently, the automatic in vitro gas production techniques (e.g. Cone. 1994; Theodorou et al., 1994) have been developed to study rumen fermentation kinetics. Many approaches have been taken. This work investigates the suitability of different methods for estimating the rumen fermentation of two starch rich feedstuffs.

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. M. L. Moura ◽  
P. D. R. Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

scholarly journals Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42569
Author(s):  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Percivaldo Xavier Resende ◽  
Clístenes Amorim Benicio ◽  
Jackson De Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p < 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.  

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