Finding Key Stations of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System by a Improved K-Means Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 925-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Xu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xu Jian Fang ◽  
Wan Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Special Care ◽  
The Public ◽  
Initial Cluster ◽  
The World ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Set Up

In China, Hangzhou is the first city to set up the Public Bicycle System. Now, the System has been the largest bike- sharing program in the world. The software of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System was developed by our team. There are many and many technology problems in the decision of intelligent dispatch. Among of these problems, determining how to find the key stations to give special care is very important. In this paper, a improved k-means algorithm is used to recognize the key stations of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System. At first, by passing over the two week’s real data, a rent-return database is initialed. Then the algorithm builds minimum spanning tree and splits it to gets k initial cluster centers. The key stations are determined from the rent-return database by the algorithm. Practice examples and comparison with the traditional k-means algorithm are made. The results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust. The research result has been applied in Hangzhou.

Using minimal spanning tree based ICA optimization for volcanic unrest determination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binayak Ghosh ◽  
Mahdi Motagh ◽  
Mahmud Haghshenas Haghshenas ◽  
Thomas Walter
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Volcanic Unrest ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Baseline Subset ◽  
Small Baseline ◽  
Synthetic Datasets

<p>Over the years, various satellites like ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat has been in use for the interferometric capability for a wide range of geophysical and environmental applications. With the launches of Sentinel-1A and 1B satellites in 2014 and 2016 respectively, the availability of SAR data from every part of the world has been increased many folds. With short revisit times of 1-6 days, the Sentinel-1 and the planned Tandem-Land NISAR missions provide an unprecedented wealth of topography and surface change data using InSAR technique. Utilizing these Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) acquisitions, repeated approximately from the same point in space at different times, it is possible to produce measurements of ground deformations at some of the world’s active volcanoes and can be used to detect signs of volcanic unrest. Most of the existing traditional algorithms like Permanent Scatterer (PS) analysis and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique are computationally extensive and cannot be applied in near real time to detect  precursory deformation and transient deformations. To overcome this problem, we have adapted a minimum spanning tree (MST) based spatial independent component analysis (ICA) method to automatically detect deformation signals of volcanic unrest. We utilize the algorithm’s capability to isolate signals of geophysical interest from atmospheric artifacts, topography and other noise signals, before monitoring the evolution of these signals through time in order to detect the onset of a period of volcanic unrest, in near real time. We demonstrate our approach on synthetic datasets having different signal strengths, varying temporally. We also present the results of our approach on the volcanic unrest of Mt. Thorbjörn in Iceland on 2020 and also the volcanic unrest of a volcano in Mexico from 2017 to 2019.</p>

scholarly journals Does Determination of Initial Cluster Centroids Improve the Performance of K-Means Clustering Algorithm? Comparison of Three Hybrid Methods by Genetic Algorithm, Minimum Spanning Tree, and Hierarchical Clustering in an Applied Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Pourahmad ◽  
Atefeh Basirat ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Marziyeh Doostfatemeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Spanning Trees ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Initial Cluster ◽  
Algorithm Comparison

Random selection of initial centroids (centers) for clusters is a fundamental defect in K-means clustering algorithm as the algorithm’s performance depends on initial centroids and may end up in local optimizations. Various hybrid methods have been introduced to resolve this defect in K-means clustering algorithm. As regards, there are no comparative studies comparing these methods in various aspects, the present paper compared three hybrid methods with K-means clustering algorithm using concepts of genetic algorithm, minimum spanning tree, and hierarchical clustering method. Although these three hybrid methods have received more attention in previous researches, fewer studies have compared their results. Hence, seven quantitative datasets with different characteristics in terms of sample size, number of features, and number of different classes are utilized in present study. Eleven indices of external and internal evaluating index were also considered for comparing the methods. Data indicated that the hybrid methods resulted in higher convergence rate in obtaining the final solution than the ordinary K-means method. Furthermore, the hybrid method with hierarchical clustering algorithm converges to the optimal solution with less iteration than the other two hybrid methods. However, hybrid methods with minimal spanning trees and genetic algorithms may not always or often be more effective than the ordinary K-means method. Therefore, despite the computational complexity, these three hybrid methods have not led to much improvement in the K-means method. However, a simulation study is required to compare the methods and complete the conclusion.

THE NEED ANALYSIS ONBIKE SHARING SYSTEM AMONG STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA (UUM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Rahimi Abidin ◽  
Leong Hui Lin ◽  
Tan Shih Yen ◽  
Liew Lai Poh ◽  
Chin Chin Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universiti Utara Malaysia

At the present time bicycle services are becoming important in the public transport due to its good impact on environmental and health issue. Bike Sharing System is a program in which many bicycle stations are set up and peoples can rent a bike to use for a certain time frame and return it at a different station.However, in order to promote cycling culture, a well urban planning along with reliable cycling infrastructure is a must.This article provides the result of a need analysis study on thecritical factors in the operation of bike sharing system. The aim of this study is to determine the students’ intention on bike sharing system among STML students based on the impact of bike sharing services. A survey was conducted on undergraduate students to determine the level of the critical factors among the participants based on the year of study. The research instrument for this study is a set of questionnaire that consists of 5-point Likert scale adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model.The outcomes of the study possiblyreflect the young generation views on the bike sharing system implementation.

Project Micro on Display At Sciencefest

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
David C. Bell ◽  
Ann T. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Low Power ◽  
John Ford ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Jason Project ◽  
Lawrence Hall Of Science

ScienceFest is coordinated through the International JASON Project that introduces the world of science through live satellite broadcasts. Dr. Robert Ballard, the ocean explorer who found the Titanic, started the program in 1989. Included in the ScienceFest presentations at the John Ford Bell Museum of Natural History, Project MICRO run by the Minnesota Microscopy Society (MMS) was on display to the public. As in past years [1] the Project MICRO team of the MMS set up various microscope stations and invited the participants to record the things that they saw and to note what they learnt and mention the things they would like to see. The microscope stations are quite simple, low power ‘field’ microscopes and various samples as documented by the “Microscopic Explorations” [2] handbook that has been developed by the MSA in collaboration with the Lawrence Hall of Science [3] as part of their Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) series.

Cafematics

2011 ◽  
pp. 320-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Set Up

While mainstream industry and government focus on individual, home and business ownership and use of new ICTs, there is a quiet revolution going on as computers, and all their applications from games to the Internet, move into public spaces. There are commercial kiosk systems in the streets and malls, and many government projects to empower communities and stimulate the local economy, but perhaps the most important, overlooked and oft-derided development is the cybercafe. The cybercafe is a cafe or shop open to the public, where a computer can be hired for periods of a half hour to access the Internet, write a CV or play a game. With the explosion in the use and profile of the Internet and personal use of new information and communications technology—‘multimedia’—cybercafes have become part of contemporary culture, established among the public places of modern cities, towns and villages around the world. In December 1999 an on-line cybercafe guide listed 4,397 cafes around the world.1 There is very little research on what these cybercafes are used for, who uses them and why.2 This study, conducted in 1998 (Stewart, 1998), addressed the use and users of three cybercafes in the same city, the reasons and manner they were set up and developed, and the role cybercafes play in the general development of use and knowledge about multimedia. What emerged was that cybercafes are not only sites for technical access and consumption and use of multimedia content and services, but also public, physical, community and cultural spaces. In this context I challenge the view that computers either undermine the community, or are only relevant to the formation and activities of ‘virtual’ communities.

scholarly journals The Difference in Night Visibility between Shared Bikes and Private Bikes during Night Cycling with Different Visibility Aids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7035
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Wu ◽  
Dawei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aid Policy

In recent years, bike sharing has increasingly spread across the world. Compared with personal bikes, shared bikes are uniform and have bright surfaces to help the public to find them easily. At the same time, unfamiliarity is still a problem for some users of shared bikes. Therefore, these features should be understood to improve the night visibility of cyclists and improve traffic safety. Our study tested and compared differences in night visibility using five types of visibility aids. The results showed two cognitive differences between cyclists and drivers. First, cyclists believed that using flashing lights or static lights would provide better visibility than other visibility aids. However, using a static light and reflectors showed better results in our research. Secondly, compared to private bikes, cyclists showed more confidence in the nighttime visibility of shared bikes, especially with retroreflective strips. But the behavior of drivers in our study did not support such differences. A post-experiment survey was conducted to explore such cognitive differences, and showed that unfamiliarity with these strips was a possible reason for driver unawareness. This study will aid policy makers in incorporating suitable visibility aids within bike-sharing programs. Further, this study includes helpful advice for cyclists in terms of improving their night visibility.

scholarly journals Effective Management of Private Schools in Nigeria: Necessity for Governments’ Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
John Oluyemi Egbebi ◽  
Olayinka Tijani Wakili
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Set Up

Private schools and owners invest a lot of worthwhile input in the provision of functional educational service delivery thus paving way for further access, equity and fair play to every intending learner as complement to the effort of government, the public school providers in Nigeria. This development actually met the world declaration of the expectation from all nations of the world to provide mass, quality and free education to all citizens. By and large, education service delivery as a social service requires huge sum of money in its operations across all levels of educational institutions – basic, post basic and tertiary. The paper examined effective management of private schools in Nigeria and the necessity for governments’ intervention. In a nutshell, the paper espoused: the world demand on provision of quality education; available sources of funding for private school ownership; challenges of private school ownership and management; justification for the establishment of private schools to support government established institutions; comparism of funding and management pattern of private schools in Nigeria and diaspora; and core constraints of private schools. The paper concludes and recommends that, respective governments, their agencies and parastatals should participate actively in rendering adequate support regarding award of grant-in-aid to owners of private schools; and that cost of registration and set up cost on infrastructural facilities for private schools - low, medium and high scales should be cut down by FME or SMoEs , ZIE, LIE, UBEC, TRCN, and similar institutions thus, affordable to create more access to learners with standards.

“All in a Garden Green”: Shakespeare's Staging of Garden Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Deborah Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Audience Interaction ◽  
The Many ◽  
Green World

This essay draws attention to the surprising lack of scholarship on the staging of garden scenes in Shakespeare's oeuvre. In particular, it explores how garden scenes promote collaborative acts of audience agency and present new renditions of the familiar early modern contrast between the public and the private. Too often the mention of Shakespeare's gardens calls to mind literal rather than literary interpretations: the work of garden enthusiasts like Henry Ellacombe, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, and Caroline Spurgeon, who present their copious gatherings of plant and flower references as proof that Shakespeare was a garden lover, or the many “Shakespeare Gardens” around the world, bringing to life such lists of plant references. This essay instead seeks to locate Shakespeare's garden imagery within a literary tradition more complex than these literalizations of Shakespeare's “flowers” would suggest. To stage a garden during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries signified much more than a personal affinity for the green world; it served as a way of engaging time-honored literary comparisons between poetic forms, methods of audience interaction, and types of media. Through its metaphoric evocation of the commonplace tradition, in which flowers double as textual cuttings to be picked, revised, judged, and displayed, the staged garden offered a way to dramatize the tensions produced by creative practices involving collaborative composition and audience agency.

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