Catalytic Steam Gasification of Waste Palm Tree Trunk Derived Bio-Char

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Nor Azizi ◽  
Young Kwang Kim ◽  
Jin Miyawaki ◽  
Isao Mochida ◽  
Seong Ho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Combustion ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Short Time

Catalytic steam gasification of Malaysia Waste Palm Tree Trunk Derived Bio-char was studied using alkali metal carbonate (K2CO3) supported perovskite oxide catalysts which showed a favor catalytic activity in the carbon combustion. The bio-char steam gasification reactions were carried out using a fixed reactor under a steam atmosphere with different catalysts, such as K2CO3/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3, K2CO3/Alumina, Nikel/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3, Nikel/Alumina, and Alumina, respectively. The effects of temperature, catalyst support and catalysts mixing ratio on the syngas compositions and carbon conversion were carefully investigated. The syngas compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). K2CO3/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3catalyst showed better carbon conversion compared to the other catalysts, which indicated the Perovskite Oxide was more effective as a support for the gasification catalyst. The results showed that the better carbon conversion within short time removed nearly 100% of heavy and light tar.

Low Temperature Catalytic Steam Gasification of Waste Palm Trunk by Pottasium Carbonate Supported on Perovskite Oxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 551-558
Author(s):  
Nor Azizi ◽  
Young Kwang Kim ◽  
Jin Miyawaki ◽  
Isao Mochida ◽  
Seong Ho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Gasification Temperature

A waste palm trunk was used as raw materials of derived biochar in catalytic steam gasification experiments. Pre-treatment was done to enrich the carbon content and removed the heavy and light tar. Waste palm trunk has been added in pyrolysis reactor to produce biochar at temperature 550°C under N2 flow. The experimental ran in a bubbling fluidized reactor at atmospheric pressure by the steam as gasification agent and Nitrogen as a carrier gas with different catalysts such as K2CO3 / LaMn0.8Cu0.2, K2CO3 / Alumina, Alumina and K2CO3 respectively. The experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of gasification temperature, effect of catalyst and effect of catalyst ratio to biochar on the carbon conversion into syngas. The syngas compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography. K2CO3 / LaMn0.8Cu0.2 catalyst showed the better carbon conversion as compared to the other catalysts. Perovskite oxide was more effective as a support for the gasification catalyst. The results showed that the better carbon conversion ratio within short time gasification and removed heavy and light tar. K2CO3 / LaMn0.8Cu0.2 showed high activity for biochar gasification at low temperature and good recovery property near 750°C.

scholarly journals Biosorption Isotherms and Kinetics Studies for the Removal of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol Using Palm Tree Trunk (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>)

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Cédric Deussi Ngaha ◽  
Lydiane Ghislaine Djemmoe ◽  
Evangéline Njanja ◽  
Ignas Tonle Kenfack
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Kinetics Studies

Monitoring of a Cross-Sectional Vibrational Mode in the Trunk of a Palm Tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Djamel Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Radial Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Natural Agents

Palm trees, like all other tree species, are living entities that may be subject to the attack of several natural agents which affect the strength of the trunk. The most serious of these damaging agents are parasites and rot fungi, which proliferate in the substance of the stem, destroying its cells and fibers and weakening it. Consequently, this decay affects the physical characteristics of the modes of vibration in the tree trunk regarding resonance frequency, shape, and damping. Advanced stages of rot infection in a tree trunk may reach such an extreme level that substantial amounts of its solid mass are removed, ultimately leading to a hollow trunk rather than one of substance. In cases like these, the trunk presents less resistance to forced vibrations, and the active modes affecting the cross section of the trunk exhibit decreased resonance frequency values. This paper aims to present a method based on vibrations which might be employed for tracking a specific mode of radial vibrations known as the ovalling mode. To achieve this goal, the trunk of a palm tree was set into vibration via mechanical excitation in the radial direction and its response at some specific point on the trunk was examined. This method uses a single concentrated source of excitation and two vibration sensors, which are diametrically positioned and fastened to the surface of the tree trunk. The ovalling mode might be extracted from the frequency response by adding the signals recorded by the two sensors, which are in phase for a test specimen with a perfectly circular, cylindrical shape made of homogeneous, isotropic material. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the feasibility and reliability of this nondestructive method when applied for the identification of rot hosting by the trunks of standing trees, wooden poles, and logs, as well as the level of severity of rot attack.

scholarly journals Examination of steam gasification of coal with physically mixed catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Śpiewak ◽  
Grzegorz Czerski ◽  
Agnieszka Sopata
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the steam gasification process of ‘Janina’ coal with and without Na-, K- and Ca-catalysts. The catalysts were physically mixed with the coal due to the simplicity of this method, short time of execution and certainty that the amount of catalyst is exactly as the adopted one. The isothermal measurements were performed at 800, 900 and 950°C and a pressure of 1 MPa using thermovolumetric method. The obtained results enabled assessment of the effect of analysed catalysts on the process at various temperatures by determination of: i) carbon conversion degree; ii) yield and composition of the resulting gas; and iii) kinetics of formation reactions of main gas components – CO and H2. The addition of catalysts, as well as an increase in operating temperature, had a positive effect on the coal gasification process – reactions rates increased, and the process time was reduced.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ferreira ◽  
Eliseu Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Brito ◽  
Carlos Castro ◽  
Luís Calado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Rotary Dryer ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

In this work, brewers’ spent grains (BSG) were evaluated and studied in order to obtain a combustible gas by means of allothermal steam gasification. BSG were preprocessed in a rotary dryer and a pelletizer prior to gasification in an indirectly heated batch reactor. BSG characterization was conducted by means of proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analysis, allowing us to conclude that BSG have characteristics comparable to those of regular lignocellulosic biomasses. Gasification tests were performed in an allothermal bench-scale batch reactor in order to determine the effect of temperature and steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) in the produced gas. The produced gas was mainly composed of 22.8–30.2% H2, 15.1–22.3% CO, and 7.2–11.1% CH4, contributing to a heating value of 8.11–9.0 MJ/Nm3 with the higher values found for a low S/B ratio and for high temperatures. The performance of the process was assessed by evaluating the cold gas and carbon conversion efficiencies. These indicators were found to be in the ranges 47.0%–52.1% and 57.0%–62.7%, respectively. The main conclusion of this work is that the produced gas obtained from BSG steam gasification has sufficient quality to open other options to beer producers to use their own brewing wastes to satisfy their energy needs, allowing them to progress toward the circular economy concept.

Effects of temperature acclimation and age on movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) adults in response to temperature gradients

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuji Jian ◽  
Digvir S. Jayas ◽  
Noel D.G. White
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Insect Behaviour ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Mixed Age

AbstractAdult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were reared at 30 °C or acclimated to 15, 25, or 35 °C for different periods (2 days or 1, 2, or 5 weeks). Populations 1 day old, 1, 5, 10, or 20 weeks old, or of mixed age were held in 10 cm × 10 cm × 100 cm wheat columns (14.5% ± 0.2% moisture content) with a temperature gradient (10 °C/m, 25–35 °C) or a constant temperature (25 or 30 °C) for 1, 6, or 12 days; movement and distribution were then determined. Acclimation to 25 °C for a short time (less than 2 days) did not influence adults' response to temperature in the wheat column. Adults acclimated to 15 and 35 °C responded differently to temperature in the wheat column, preferring temperatures above 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Increasing the duration of the acclimation to 15 or 35 °C resulted in higher aggregation. Acclimation temperature might be more important than exposure time for influencing insect behaviour. During their movement in the wheat columns, adults were also acclimated to the tested temperatures, and they did not always stay in a warmer area if the "cold" area was warmer than 25 °C. Adults that were 1 day old had a lower response (i.e., less movement) to temperature gradients than the older insects. Among the older insects, the response to temperature gradients did not decrease with increasing age, even at 20 weeks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document