Monitoring of a Cross-Sectional Vibrational Mode in the Trunk of a Palm Tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Djamel Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Radial Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Natural Agents

Palm trees, like all other tree species, are living entities that may be subject to the attack of several natural agents which affect the strength of the trunk. The most serious of these damaging agents are parasites and rot fungi, which proliferate in the substance of the stem, destroying its cells and fibers and weakening it. Consequently, this decay affects the physical characteristics of the modes of vibration in the tree trunk regarding resonance frequency, shape, and damping. Advanced stages of rot infection in a tree trunk may reach such an extreme level that substantial amounts of its solid mass are removed, ultimately leading to a hollow trunk rather than one of substance. In cases like these, the trunk presents less resistance to forced vibrations, and the active modes affecting the cross section of the trunk exhibit decreased resonance frequency values. This paper aims to present a method based on vibrations which might be employed for tracking a specific mode of radial vibrations known as the ovalling mode. To achieve this goal, the trunk of a palm tree was set into vibration via mechanical excitation in the radial direction and its response at some specific point on the trunk was examined. This method uses a single concentrated source of excitation and two vibration sensors, which are diametrically positioned and fastened to the surface of the tree trunk. The ovalling mode might be extracted from the frequency response by adding the signals recorded by the two sensors, which are in phase for a test specimen with a perfectly circular, cylindrical shape made of homogeneous, isotropic material. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the feasibility and reliability of this nondestructive method when applied for the identification of rot hosting by the trunks of standing trees, wooden poles, and logs, as well as the level of severity of rot attack.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Microbial Communities of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil)-Infected and Healthy Palm Trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Alshammari ◽  
Meshari Alazmi ◽  
Naimah A. Alanazi ◽  
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman ◽  
Vajid N. Veettil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Infected Tree ◽  
Palm Weevil

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated palm trees’ microbiota infected with red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), the major pest of palm trees. This study compared the microbial communities of infected and uninfected palm trees in the Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia, determined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Illumina MiSeq. The results indicated that taxonomic diversity variation was higher for infected tree trunk than the healthy tree trunk. Soil samples from the vicinity of healthy and infected trees did not have a significant variation in bacterial diversity. Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in RPW-infected tree trunk, and Pseudomonadaceae was the most prominent family. This study is the first report on the characterization of RPW-infected and healthy palm trees’ microbiome.

scholarly journals Biosorption Isotherms and Kinetics Studies for the Removal of 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol Using Palm Tree Trunk (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>)

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Cédric Deussi Ngaha ◽  
Lydiane Ghislaine Djemmoe ◽  
Evangéline Njanja ◽  
Ignas Tonle Kenfack
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Kinetics Studies

scholarly journals The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for Codeine: Preliminary Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the SDS in an Online Sample of Codeine Users From the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Deluca ◽  
Michelle Foley ◽  
Jacklyn Dunne ◽  
Andreas Kimergård
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Severity Of Dependence Scale

Objective: Investigate the psychometric properties of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for codeine and its association with aberrant codeine related behaviors.Design: A voluntary and uncompensated cross-sectional online survey.Setting: Online population (≥18 years).Respondents: Two hundred and eighty-six respondents (66% women) who had used codeine containing medicines in the last 3 months and were living in the UK.Results: Of the respondents (mean age = 35.4 years, SD = 12.5), more than half were employed. Only 3.5% respondents reported no income. The majority of respondents (45.1%) primarily obtained prescription-only codeine from a consultation with a health professional, whilst 40.9% mainly purchased “over-the-counter” codeine containing medicines in a pharmacy without a medical prescription. Principal component analysis indicated a single factor solution accounting for 75% of the variance. Factor loadings ranged from 0.83 to 0.89. Cronbach's Alpha was high (α = 0.92). Several behaviors relating to codeine use were found to significantly predict probable codeine dependence. These included: daily codeine use in the last 3 months (OR = 66.89, 95% CI = 15.8–283.18); tolerance to codeine (OR = 32.14, 95% CI = 13.82–74.75); problems with role responsibility due to intoxication (OR = 9.89, 95% CI = 4.95–19.78); having sought advice on the internet to manage codeine use (OR = 9.56, 95% CI = 4.5–20.31); history of alcohol or drug treatment (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.88–7.43).Conclusions: The SDS was acceptable and feasible to use to assess probable psychological codeine dependence in an online sample of people using codeine containing medicines. SDS scores were associated with behaviors known to be indicators of codeine dependence. Studies are needed in well-defined populations of people who use codeine to test the different aspects of psychometry of the scale compared against “gold standard” criterion [a diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)].

EFFECTS OF REPLACING CEMENT BY DATE PALM TREES WASTES ON CONCRETE PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salah Edeen Nassef ◽  
Kalifa Hamed AlMuqbali ◽  
Sheikha Mahmood Al Naqabi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Palm Trees

This paper was studying the effects of palm tree wastes on the behavior of the concrete to reduce cement content in the concrete to ensure a sustainable environment. Both fibers of palm tree and the ash of palm tree leaves are used in this study considering different percentages of palm tree wastes, which are replaced the cement, to investigate both of workability and strength of the concrete. Also, the combination of palm tree leaves ash and fibers of palm trees is investigated. The slump and compression tests are carried out to evaluate both workability and concrete strength. The palm fibers were reducing the workability of concrete at both of different percentage of replacement and different fiber lengths. The slump is reduced by 26.667% at 2 cm fibers length and it is completely lost at 5 cm length fibers at the same percentage of replacement of 5% of the cement content. The palm fibers were weakening concrete compressive strength at different percentages and different fiber lengths. Palm leaves ash was enhancing concrete workability and concrete compressive strength.

Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Lal awmpuia ◽  
◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

The Continuity of Palm Sugar Production: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Liska Simamora ◽  
Damara Dinda Nirmalasari Zebua ◽  
Yoga Aji Handoko ◽  
Nugraheni Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Increasing Demand

The demand for palm sugar is increasing since people prefer natural ingredients. Natural and organic food ingredients have the reputation of being healthier and safer than synthetic ingredients. This study will discuss one particular ingredient namely palm sugar which is known as a natural sweetener. Developed countries have started to import palm sugar as a natural sweetener from developing countries. The production of palm sugar in developing countries has an important benefit in the craftsman household economy. However, current production of palm sugar does not meet the increasing demand, which is caused mainly by the lack of farmers, palm sugar craftsmen’s inadequate knowledge of palm sugar production, and poor incorporation of technology both in the cultivation of palm tree and the production process of palm sugar. This literature review study aims to understand the continuity of palm sugar production within the following framework which consists of four steps: (1) identifying current situation, (2) identifying the problems, (3) presenting the resolution, (4) proposing programs and strategies. Based on this framework a few programs and strategies are generated to maintain the continuity of palm sugar production, they are: (1) Palm trees domestication, (2) research and development center for Indonesian palm sugar, and (3) ensuring a good collaboration among the stake holders involved.

Spatial characteristics of open park spaces and perceived warmness in a tropical city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Rosly Hanif ◽  
Chng Saun Fong ◽  
Logaraj Ramakreshnan ◽  
Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abd Aziz ◽  
Ainoriza Mohd Aini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Background: Rapid urbanization in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC) has resulted in urban heat island (UHI) effect that deteriorated public health of the urban dwellers. In a motive of identifying the heat sources, this study reported the perceived warmness and the characteristics of Open Park Spaces (OPS) that induce the reported warmness of the surrounding environment in Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan City (KLMC), a tropical city of Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional survey using structured questionnaires is conducted on randomly clustered respondents in selected localities of KLMC from January to May, 2018. Pearson correlation is performed to examine the relationship between perceived characteristics of OPS and perceived warmness of the surrounding environment according to three time slots of a day.Results: The outcomes demonstrated that respondents felt warm during nights (89%) compared to morning (75%) and afternoon (87%). Meanwhile, the existing OPS are reported to be equipped with a mix of biodiversity such as birds, rodents and insects (89%), a mix of natural plants and animal populations (88%), water bodies (88%), variety of plants (86%), well-maintained grass surfaces (80%), ornamental flowers (79%) as well as wooded pasture (78%) in their neighbourhood. As the maximum warming sensation is reported to be felt at nights, especially in the presence of water bodies (r= 0.318, p<0.01) and wooded pasture (r= 0.222, p<0.01) in the vicinity, the integration of heat ameliorators across the existing water bodies and wood pasture deemed essential to reduce the surrounding heat impacts.Conclusion: The findings of this preliminary investigation are useful for urban designers and policy makers to make tacit evidence-based decisions.

scholarly journals Identifying and Quantifying the Abundance of Economically Important Palms in Tropical Moist Forest Using UAV Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Tagle Casapia ◽  
Lourdes Falen ◽  
Harm Bartholomeus ◽  
Rodolfo Cárdenas ◽  
Gerardo Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Palm Fruits

Sustainable management of non-timber forest products such as palm fruits is crucial for the long-term conservation of intact forest. A major limitation to expanding sustainable management of palms has been the need for precise information about the resources at scales of tens to hundreds of hectares, while typical ground-based surveys only sample small areas. In recent years, small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an important tool for mapping forest areas as they are cheap and easy to transport, and they provide high spatial resolution imagery of remote areas. We developed an object-based classification workflow for RGB UAV imagery which aims to identify and delineate palm tree crowns in the tropical rainforest by combining image processing and GIS functionalities using color and textural information in an integrative way to show one of the potential uses of UAVs in tropical forests. Ten permanent forest plots with 1170 reference palm trees were assessed from October to December 2017. The results indicate that palm tree crowns could be clearly identified and, in some cases, quantified following the workflow. The best results were obtained using the random forest classifier with an 85% overall accuracy and 0.82 kappa index.

scholarly journals Drivers of nest survival rate in a southern Tunisian population of Laughing Doves (Spilopelia senegalensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihen Boukhriss ◽  
Slaheddine Selmi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Daily Nest Survival ◽  
Nest Height

Abstract Background Investigating the ecological factors and processes shaping nest survival is of great importance for assessing the breeding success of bird populations and understanding their spatio-temporal dynamics. Here, this question is addressed for the Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), an expanding Afro-tropical bird in the Tunisian oasis habitat. Methods This study took place in Kettana oasis, in south-eastern Tunisia. Natural Laughing Dove nests were searched for and monitored by means of regular visits, from the discovery date until the end of the breeding attempt (i.e. fledging or failure). Data were then used to investigate the relevance of laying date, nest age (days after clutch initiation), nest height and vegetation structure in the close nest tree environment as predictors of daily nest survival rate, using logistic-exposure models that accounted for heterogeneity in monitoring period among the studied nests. Models including different combinations of covariates were ranked according to their AICc scores, and the model-averaging technique was used for the assessment of the effects of covariates on daily nest survival rate. Results Vegetation structure in the close nest tree environment and nest age provided important predictors of daily nest survival rate, whereas neither nest height nor laying date showed significant effects. Daily nest survival rate was negatively associated with the presence of date palm trees in the close nest tree environment, but it was positively related to nest age. Daily nest survival rate was higher during the post-hatching stage than during the pre-hatching stage. Conclusions Nests placed on fruit trees close to clumps of palm trees suffered higher predation risks compared to those placed on fruit trees situated far from palm trees. This is probably because palm tree clumps provided refuges for nest predators, notably the Black Rat (Rattus rattus) which has been reported to be the main nest predator in the oasis habitat. The predatory activity of this rodent seemed more directed against eggs than nestlings, which may explain the observed increase in daily survival rate with nest age.

scholarly journals The palm tree Copernicia cerifera (carnaúba) as an ecotope of Rhodnius nasutus in rural areas of the State of Piauí Northeastern Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur da S. Pinto ◽  
Dalva N. da C. Bento
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Triatomine Species

The C. cerifera palm tree (carnaúba) is widely distributed in the Northeastem Brazil, including the State of Piauí. This investigation revealed that R. nasutus is the ortly triatomine species captured on that palm tree, in five different localities. 78% of palm trees were infested with triatomines, and 4.0% were infected with flagellates morphologically and biologically indistinguishable from Trypanosoma cruzi. Birds, rodents and marsupials were found as major blood meai sources for R. nasutus.

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