PSO Applied to Reduce the Cost of Energy in Water Supply Networks

The growth of urban population and subsequent expansion of the cities impose difficulties of gather a reliable water supply systems that attend the fluctuations of demand throughout the day, and their operation with appropriate hydraulic and operational parameters. The search of better routines for water pumping stations with both starting and stopping of pumps or use of variable speed devices has become increasingly common, and the motivation of this search is found in the need for energy saving. But the task is arduous and becomes fertile field for the application of modern techniques and robust optimization. Noteworthy are currently those that seek their inspiration in nature systems, such as Particle Swarm Optimization, which is based on intelligence of groups, such as schools of fish or swarms of bee. By this way, the present work aims to contribute to the topic, developing a hybrid algorithm (simulator-optimizer) for determination of optimized routines for pumping station i.e., routines that seek the best operational routine for an extended period of 24 hours.

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Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽

10.3390/w13152004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2004

Author(s):

Aakash Dev ◽

Timo C. Dilly ◽

Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽

Ulrich Dittmer ◽

S. Murty Bhallamudi

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Test Cases ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽

Graywater Reuse ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

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Selection of filter parameters of Individual water supply systems

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911001072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 01072 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir Shcherbakov ◽

Aleksandr Akulshin ◽

Aleksandr Bachmetev ◽

Anatolyi Akulshin

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Intake ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Design Flow ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Minimum Diameter ◽

Water Well ◽

Pumping Equipment ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimal design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. The key element of the system is a water well. The quality of its design and construction determines the operation of the water intake as a whole. Disadvantages in the construction of a well lead to disruption of the entire water supply system of a particular object. The paper proposed a methodology for selecting the optimal diameter and length of the well filter of a water well. Based on the methodology, an example of filter parameters selection for hydrogeological conditions of the city of Kursk is given. The above calculation showed that the use of the entrance velocity criterion in the design of wells can significantly reduce the cost of well construction while ensuring the design flow rate and allowable lowering of the water level. The cost of the filter, depending on the well design, is 20-30% of the total price for its construction. The most important filter parameters affecting the cost of a well are its length and diameter. Justifying the minimum diameter of the filter that ensures the designed water intake and allowable dewatering can significantly reduce the cost of the well, taking into account the fact that modern pumping equipment allows the use of columns of small diameter above the filter.

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Comparative analysis of water–pipe network deterioration–case study

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2016.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 148-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Małgorzata Kutyłowska ◽

Maria Orłowska-Szostak

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Water Supply ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Water Utilities ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Failure Rates ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Mains ◽

Supply Systems

The paper presents a comparative analysis of water-supply network deterioration in three Polish cities. The comparison was made on the basis of operating data (from the period 2007 to 2012) received from water utilities. The comparison is necessary to determine whether and to what extent water utilities should improve the technical condition of their water-supply networks. On average in cities A, B and C, failure rates λ (fail km−1 a−1) of water mains, distribution pipes and house connections were 0.20, 0.24 and 0.53; 0.17, 0.32 and 0.50; and 0.01, 0.48 and 1.63, respectively. The failure rates of the main and distribution conduits were higher in winter than summer, due to the weather conditions and the pipes' shallow depth. Smaller diameter pipes were more vulnerable. One city is exposed to mining exploitation and most cracking observed on the main and distribution pipelines arose from this. As the literature and these investigations indicate, the technical condition of water supply systems in Poland is still improving and rates of deterioration decreasing.

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The Disinfection Efficacy of Chlorine on Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Iron Bacteria in Water Supply Systems

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.657 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 316-317 ◽

pp. 657-660

Author(s):

Bei Meng Qi ◽

Bei Jia Wang ◽

Chen Guang Wu ◽

Yi Xing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽

Metal Corrosion ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Minimum Requirement ◽

Iron Reducing Bacteria ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Reducing Bacteria ◽

Supply Systems

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron reducing bacteria (IRB) that widely exist in water supply networks are the main microorganisms leading to metal corrosion in pipelines. Chlorine is widely used in drinking water supply systems. The concentration of chlorine with SRB declined rapidly after 10 mins and reached 0 mg/L finally whereas it decreased more slowly with IRB. If the concentration of chlorine is lower than 0.2mg/L, IRB cannot be sterilized. It indicates that at the end of water pipes where the concentration of chlorine is required to be 0.05mg/L, chlorine is not effective since the concentration is below the minimum requirement of removing IRB

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ABOUT FEATURES OF WATER CONSUMPTION CALCULATION WHEN DESIGNING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

URBAN CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE ◽

10.17673/vestnik.2020.02.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Sayriddin Sh. SAYRIDDINOV

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

High Rise ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Supply And Distribution ◽

Effi Ciency ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Research And Design

This article discusses the hydraulic and technological features of calculating water consumption when designing water supply systems for high-rise buildings in order to increase the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected object. The basic criteria for the operation of water supply systems for high-rise buildings in accordance with modern requirements of regulatory documents are given. The technological need is justifi ed and completed operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of methods determination of water consumption to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems of high-rise buildings. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for determining the cost of internal water supply performed by various research and design institutes are indicated.

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DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF THE COST OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PIPELINES OF EFFECTIVE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Modern problems of modeling ◽

10.33842/2313-125x/2020/19/130/137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 130-137

Author(s):

Y. Orel ◽

◽

A. Magalov ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

The Cost ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Cost Of Construction ◽

Effective Water

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Microgeração de energia com uso de bomba funcionando como turbina (BFT) em sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA)

Revista DAE ◽

10.36659/dae.2020.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (68) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Silvia Fernanda Paffrath

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Energy Use ◽

Excess Pressure ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Dissipation Of Energy ◽

Theoretical System ◽

Pumping Stations ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Supply Systems

Resumo Cada vez mais têm sido estudadas formas de minimizar gastos com energia e/ou de obter formas alternativas de geração, principalmente pela diminuição de oferta hídrica em diversos locais. Nos sistemas de abastecimento de água, são altos os gastos com energia, principalmente nas estações elevatórias. Em sistemas que fazem a distribuição de água por gravidade, não é rara a utilização de válvulas redutoras de pressão em pontos especí- ficos em que é necessária essa redução para garantir condições favoráveis de transporte de água na tubulação. Nesse sentido, ocorre dissipação de energia que poderia ser aproveitada no próprio sistema. Tendo em vista esse aproveitamento energético, esse estudo tem como objetivo determinar de forma teórica a potência gerada por uma bomba funcionando como turbina em locais onde há excedente de pressão, tomando por base dados de um sistema teórico de abastecimento de água de município de pequeno porte. Os resultados mostram que a alternativa é tecnicamente viável, gerando 2,2 KW de potência e 16,4 MW/ano de energia, que poderia ser uti- lizada no próprio sistema, em pontos onde seria necessário bombeamento, seja na captação ou na própria rede de abastecimento, em transição de zonas baixas para altas. Palavras-chave: Eficiência energética. Bomba funcionando como turbina (BFT). Abstract It has increasingly been studied ways to minimize energy costs and to obtain alternative forms of generation, mainly by the reduction of water supply in various locations. In water supply systems, energy costs are high, especially in pumping stations. In systems that make the distribution of water using gravity, it is not uncommon to use pres- sure reducing valves at specific points at which this reduction is necessary to ensure favorable conditions of water transport in the pipe. In this sense, there is dissipation of energy that could be used in the system itself. In view of this energy use, this study aims to determine theoretically the power generated by a pump functioning as turbine in places where there is excess pressure, based on data from a theoretical system of a small town water supply. From the results, the alternative proved to be technically feasible, with power generated at 2.2 KW and energy at 16.4 MW/year, which could be used in the system itself, at points where pumping would be required, either on capture or in the supply network, in transition from low to high areas. Keywords: Energy efficiency. pump functioning as turbine.

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Dimensionless curves of centrifugal pumps for water supply systems: development and case study

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.0217170018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jóice Cristini Kuritza ◽

Giovani Camponogara ◽

Marcelo Giulian Marques ◽

Daniela Guzzon Sanagiotto ◽

Cristiane Battiston

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Centrifugal Pumps ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Performance Curves ◽

Supply Systems

ABSTRACT Centrifugal pumps are widely used in water supply systems and account for more than 90% of the electricity consumption of water pumping stations. Studies that seek to generalize the characterization of performance curves of centrifugal pumps are extremely useful. A study was carried out on the dimensionless characteristics of the operating conditions of centrifugal pumps for preliminary design estimations of water supply systems aiming at energy efficiency. The research consisted of the analysis of performance curves of centrifugal pumps from which data was collected regarding the point of maximum yield (PMY). The curves and the equations obtained were made dimensionless so that the information could be extrapolated to other situations. A case study was conducted in the Water Supply System of Vale Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) to demonstrate the application of those equations and curves developed. The dimensionless equations were useful to determine which discharge should be adopted so that the system would be more efficient hydro and energetically and, also, to determine how much more energy would be consumed in the case of alteration of the point of operation of the pump by a throttling valve.

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The information and computing complex “ANGARA-VS” for end-to-end modeling of water supply systems when developing development schemes, scheduling modes, and dispatching management

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201821206001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 06001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Alexeev ◽

Nikolay Novitsky

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Water Supply Networks ◽

Management And Development ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

End To End ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Operational Modes

The paper presents a brief description of the problems of making technological decisions to manage the development and functioning of water supply networks in conditions of territorial, structural, and temporal disconnection of the decision-making processes at WKX enterprises. An approach to overcome such problems is proposed, based on the application of end-to-end modeling technologies and a single information space of the enterprise based on the application of the ANGARA-VS information and computing complex. Its brief characteristics and functions are given. The experience of automation of development of operational modes and dispatching management and development of perspective schemes of water supply in Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal", Irkutsk.

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