PCB Image Registration Method Based on Mark Hole Feature Extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 1475-1480
Author(s):  
Na Gao ◽  
Yan Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Printed Circuit

In the processing of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) defect inspection with reference comparison method, the very critical aspect is to make the image to be inspected and the reference standard PCB image accurate registration . Image registration has many ways, according to the characteristics of PCB, a new image registration method based on Mark hole center feature extraction was presented, also this method is carried out relevant experimental verification.

A Comparison of Image Registration Methods Used for Printed Circuit Board Inspection

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Shin Chieh Lin ◽  
C.T. Chen ◽  
C.H. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Inspection Machine

In this study, registration methods used to estimate both position and orientation differences between two images had been evaluated. This is an important issue since that there are always some position and orientation differences when loading test samples on the inspection machine. These differences should be calculated and compensated before further analysis. Registration methods tested including one area method and three feature based method. It was shown that the area method had better performance than other feature based method in these cases studied. And it is shown that it is much easy to detect defect by analyzing the subtracted image with position and orientation compensation instead of those without compensation.

Positional deviation detection of silicone caps on FPCB

Circuit World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Dejian Li ◽  
Shaoli Li ◽  
Weiqi Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Flexible Deformation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a defect detection method of silicone caps positional deviation on flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) of keyboard based on automatic optical inspection. Design/methodology/approach First, the center of silicone caps of target keyboard FPCB image was extracted as feature points for generating the feature image which is used for registration rigidly with the reference feature image generated from the CAD drawings. Then, a flexible image registration method based on the surrounding-control-center B-splines (SCCB) strategy was proposed, which could correct the flexible deformation of the image generated by FPCB substrate while keeping the pasting deviation information about silicone caps unchanged. Finally, on this basis, a nearest neighbor strategy was proposed to detect the positional deviation of silicone caps. Findings Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the positional deviation defect of silicone caps. The G-mean value of the proposed method is 0.941746, which is 0.3 higher compared to that of similar research. Originality/value This paper presents a method to detect positional deviation defect of silicone caps on keyboard FPCB. Different from the classic B-spline image registration method, the proposed SCCB method used the neighborhood information of the pixel to be registered selectively to calculate the displacement vector needed for its registration, which overcame the problem that the silicone cap pasting deviation information disappears with the correction of the flexible deformation of the image.

Key Contour Feature Extraction of Printed Circuit Board Point Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (14) ◽  
pp. 141001
Author(s):  
钟文彬 Zhong Wenbin ◽  
李旭瑞 Li Xurui ◽  
孙思 Sun Si ◽  
刘光帅 Liu Guangshuai
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Contour Feature

scholarly journals An Efficient and Robust Target Detection Algorithm for Identifying Minor Defects of Printed Circuit Board Based on PHFE and FL-RFCN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Xia ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Fully Convolutional Network ◽  
Printed Circuit

For ensuring the safety and reliability of electronic equipment, it is a necessary task to detect the surface defects of the printed circuit board (PCB). Due to the smallness, complexity and diversity of minor defects of PCB, it is difficult to identify minor defects in PCB with traditional methods. And the target detection method based on deep learning faces the problem of imbalance between foreground and background when detecting minor defects. Therefore, this paper proposes a minor defect detection method on PCB based on FL-RFCN (focal loss and Region-based Fully Convolutional Network) and PHFE (parallel high-definition feature extraction). Firstly, this paper uses the Region-based Fully Convolutional Network(R-FCN) to identify minor defects on the PCB. Secondly, the focal loss is used to solve the problem of data imbalance in neural networks. Thirdly, the parallel high-definition feature extraction algorithm is used to improve the recognition rate of minor defects. In the detection of minor defects on PCB, the ablation experiment proves that the mean Average accuracy (mAP) of the proposed method is increased by 7.4. In comparative experiments, it is found that the mAP of the method proposed in this paper is 12.3 higher than YOLOv3 and 6.7 higher than Faster R-CNN.

scholarly journals Noise Elimination for Image Subtraction in Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1317-1329
Author(s):  
Zuwairie Ibrahim ◽  
Ismail Ibrahim ◽  
Kamal Khalil ◽  
Sophan Wahyudi Nawawi ◽  
Muhammad Arif Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Automated Visual Inspection ◽  
Noise Elimination ◽  
Image Subtraction ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Thresholding Algorithm

Image subtraction operation has been frequently used for automated visual inspection of printed circuit board (PCB) defects. Even though the image subtraction operation able to detect all defects occurred on PCB, some unwanted noise could be detected as well. Hence, before the image subtraction operation can be applied to real images of PCB, image registration operation should be done to align a defective PCB image against a template PCB image. This study shows how the image registration operation is incorporated with a thresholding algorithm to eliminate unwanted noise. The results show that all defects occurred on real images of PCB can be correctly detected without interfere by any unwanted noise.

Characteristics of Radiated Emission from a Printed Circuit Board with a Slit

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Nakayama ◽  
Kenichi Kagoshima ◽  
Shigeki Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Radiated Emission

Confirming the Signal Integrity in Transmission of Digital Signals on Microstrip Straight Circuits via the Eye Diagrams

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dueñas Jiménez ◽  
Francisco Jiménez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulation ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Printed Circuit

Because of the high volume of processing, transmission, and information storage, electronic systems presently requires faster clock speeds tosynchronizethe integrated circuits. Presently the “speeds” on the connections of a printed circuit board (PCB) are in the order of the GHz. At these frequencies the behavior of the interconnects are more like that of a transmission line, and hence distortion, delay, and phase shift- effects caused by phenomena like cross talk, ringing and over shot are present and may be undesirable for the performance of a circuit or system.Some of these phrases were extracted from the chapter eight of book “2-D Electromagnetic Simulation of Passive Microstrip Circuits” from the corresponding author of this paper.

Root Cause Analysis of a Connector Time-Delayed Fracture

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabjit Singh ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Robert E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Ceramic Substrate ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Delayed Fracture ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Chip Carrier ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Grain Boundary Grooves

Abstract A land-grid array connector, electrically connecting an array of plated contact pads on a ceramic substrate chip carrier to plated contact pads on a printed circuit board (PCB), failed in a year after assembly due to time-delayed fracture of multiple C-shaped spring connectors. The land-grid-array connectors analyzed had arrays of connectors consisting of gold on nickel plated Be-Cu C-shaped springs in compression that made electrical connections between the pads on the ceramic substrates and the PCBs. Metallography, fractography and surface analyses revealed the root cause of the C-spring connector fracture to be plating solutions trapped in deep grain boundary grooves etched into the C-spring connectors during the pre-plating cleaning operation. The stress necessary for the stress corrosion cracking mechanism was provided by the C-spring connectors, in the land-grid array, being compressed between the ceramic substrate and the printed circuit board.

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