Biosorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II) in Synthetic Waste Water by Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F.H Azizul-Rahman ◽  
A.A. Mohd-Suhaimi ◽  
Norzila Othman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Optimum Ph

Water pollution by heavy metal is great concern due to its toxicity to nature and environment. Extensive studies were carried out to remove heavy metal through physical, chemical and biological approaches. One of the biological approaches is biosorption. This study was conducted under several conditions namely pH, biosorbent dosage, initial wastewater concentration and contact time. Final concentrations of metals were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results revealed that optimum removal for Lead and Zinc was 77.3% and 90.30%. Optimum pH, for Lead was 6.0 whereas Zinc was 7.0 respectively. Both metals have showed the same optimum biosorbent dosage of 0.02g and 30 minutes of contact times. Meanwhile, the optimum initial metal concentration for Lead and Zinc were 5 ppm and 1ppm. It is proven that watermelon rind is able to treat wastewater with the present of Lead and Zinc.

scholarly journals Biosorption of Zn(II) in High and Low Strength Synthetic Wastewater by Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1286-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F.H. Azizul-Rahman ◽  
A.A. Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Norzila Othman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Low Strength

The heavy metal contain in the industrial wastewater can cause a pollution towards the environment and human due to its toxicity. Therefore extensive studies were conducted for the heavy metal removal. This study was conducted under several conditions by varying pH, biosorbent dosage, initial wastewater concentration and contact time. The results revealed that optimum pH, for high strength synthetic wastewater was 8.0 meanwhile for low strength synthetic wastewater was 7.0. Both high and low strength synthetic wastewater was optimum at 30 minutes of contact time with 1.5g and 0.02g of bisorbent dosage respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum initial metal concentration for high and low strength synthetic wastewater was 400ppm and 1ppm respectively. The results had proven that watermelon rind is able to treat wastewater with high and low concentration of metal.

scholarly journals Biosorpsi logam Zn oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae *) Biosorption of Zn metal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
. TRI-PANJI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Excess Base ◽  
Maximum Limit ◽  
Latex Rubber

SummaryHeavy metal in waste water potentiallycauses environmental pollution. Generally,heavy metal pollutions come from metalplating, textile, latex-rubber goods, and otherindustries. The process of latex-rubber goodindustries uses heavy metal in the form ofZnO as accelerator for rubber vulcanizationprocess, so that Zn 2+ ion exists in wastewatereffluents in concentration as much as 300 ppm,whereas the maximum limit allowed is 2.5 ppm.The chemical way generally used to decreaseZn 2+ concentration in wastewater effluents isby adding bases, NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 until pHreached 11, hence this metal is precipitated asits hydroxide. However, the way is done, isvery high cost and has a risk of the emergencesecondary pollution caused by excess base. Analternative way to absorb Zn 2+ consideredinexpensive is by using biosorbent in the formof Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass frombioethanol industrial waste. The research wasconducted using artificial wastewater withZn 2+ ion concentration of 300 ppm and the pHwas adjusted to the range between 3-7.Biosorption was conducted by addition of freeS. cerevisiae biomass as well as byimmobilized cells on filter paper. Observationwas carried out for Zn 2+ concentration aftercontact time of two and five hours. The resultsof the research indicated that free andimmobilized S. cerevisiae biomass couldabsorb Zn 2+ metal and decreased itsconcentration from 250-300 ppm to 20-50 ppm.The optimum contact time was reached at onehour, while optimum sorption process occurredat pH 5. At low concentration, less than20 ppm S. cerevisiae biomass absorbed lessZn 2+ The NaOH-treated biomass showed bettersorption capabilities compared to cells treatedby formaldehyde or heat treatments. Thecontinue experiment showed the high capacityof biomass treated with NaOH to absorb Zn 2+ ,until concentration 24,02- 47,95 ppm in thefirst sampling and 1,15-10,99 ppm in thesecond sampling. Combination adsorptionprocess using charcoal and zeolite couldadsorp remain concentration of Zn 2+ , so thatcould reached the limit concentration-allowed.RingkasanLogam berat di dalam air limbahmerupakan penyebab pencemaran lingkunganyang potensial. Pencemaran logam berat padaumumnya berasal dari industri penyepuhanlogam, tekstil, barang jadi lateks, serta industrilain. Pada proses industri barang jadi lateksdigunakan logam berat dalam bentuk ZnOsebagai akselerator proses vulkanisasi karet,sehingga ion Zn 2+ terbawa dalam air limbahindustri barang jadi dengan konsentrasimencapai 300 ppm, sedangkan ambang bataskonsentrasi yang diperbolehkan maksimaladalah 2,5 ppm. Cara kimia yang umum di-gunakan untuk menurunkan kandunganZn 2+ dalam air limbah adalah dengan caramenambahkan basa, umumnya NaOH atauCa(OH) 2 , sampai pH sekitar 11, sehinggalogam berat ini diendapkan sebagai hidroksida-nya. Namun demikian, cara ini sangat mahaldan beresiko munculnya pencemaran sekunderakibat kelebihan basa. Salah satu alternatifyang murah untuk penyerapan Zn 2+ adalahmenggunakan biosorben berupa biomassaSaccharomyces cerevisiae yang berasal darilimbah pabrik bioetanol.Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengguna-kan air limbah artifisial yang mengandung ionZn 2+ dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm. Limbahartifisial diatur pHnya antara 3-7. Biosorpsidilakukan dengan menambahkan biomassaS. cerevisiae bebas maupun yang diamobilisasidengan kertas saring. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap kandungan Zn 2+ setelah waktu kontakdua dan lima jam. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa biomassa S. cerevisiae bebasmaupun amobil mampu menyerap logam Zn 2+dan menurunkan konsentrasinya dari 250-300 ppm menjadi 20-50 ppm. Waktu kontakoptimum dicapai setelah satu jam, sedangkanproses sorpsi optimum terjadi pada pH 5.Biomassa S. cerevisiae kurang efektifmenyerap logam Zn 2+ pada konsentrasi rendah,di bawah 20 ppm. Perlakuan biomassa meng-gunakan NaOH menunjukkan kemampuanpenyerapan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkandengan yang diperlakukan menggunakanformaldehida dan pemanasan. Percobaan padaaliran kontinyu yang menggunakan biomassayang diperlaukan menggunakan NaOH,menunjukkan bahwa limbah artifisial Zn 2+dapat diturunkan sampai konsentrasi 24,02-47,95 ppm pada sampling pertama, dan 1,15-10,99 ppm pada sampling kedua. Kombinasipenyerapan menggunakan arang aktif danzeolit dapat menyerap sisa Zn 2+ mencapai batasyang diperbolehkan.

Watermelon Rind: A Potential Adsorbent for Zinc Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzila Othman ◽  
Y.S. Kueh ◽  
F.H. Azizul-Rahman ◽  
R. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Zinc Removal ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Optimum Ph

The industrial revolution has significantly increase the discharge of wastewater into water bodies with heavy metals. In this study, watermelon rind was used as a biosorbent. Wastewater from mosaic industry was characterized by using flame AAS and zinc was found to have concentration range of 350mg/L to 450mg/L. Watermelon rind was characterized by using XRF and SEM. The results from XRF before biosorption shows the presence of Si to enhance biosorption. Zinc present after biosorption. The optimum pH, biosorbent amount, zinc concentration and contact time were found to be pH8, 1.5g, 400mg/L, and 30minutes respectively. The watermelon rind was proven as an effective biosorbent for zinc removal from aqueous solution

Phytoremediation Ability of the New Heavy Metal Accumulator Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba; Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Roghayeh; Mohammadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine ◽  
Lead And Zinc Mine

Abstract Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a global disaster. This study investigated metal-accumulating ability of plants growing in a lead and zinc mine area located in Hamedan, Iran. Three dominant plants, including Conium maculatum, Stachys inflata, and Reseda lutea, were collected, and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the aerial parts of the plants and in the soils, collected from the mine area and out of the mine, were measured via atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of all the metals in the soil of the mine were greater than the control area (1 km out of mine area); Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd were 120, 17, 17, 2.6, and 40 times higher than in the control area, respectively. In the studied plants, Pb and Zn were the highest in C. maculatum (1,200 and 820 mg kg−1, respectively). The highest concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Cd were in S. inflata (140, 96, and 20 mg kg−1, respectively). Phytoremediation tests were done using experimental pots, and results indicate that the plant species are effective accumulator plants for the phytoremediation of heavy metal–polluted soils. Specifically, C. maculatum was effective in removing Pb and Zn, S. inflata was effective in reducing Ni, and R. lutea was effective in reducing Cu.

scholarly journals Kombinasi Proses Presipitasi dan Adsorpsi untuk Menangani Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Beracun (B3) Hasil Kegiatan Analisis di Laboratorium Analisis Polinela

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Ismadi Raharjo ◽  
Didik Kuswadi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Analysis Laboratory

The objectives of this research to determine the combination of the process of precipitation and adsorption in reducing the content of pollutant metals in the hazardous waste category B3 (hazardous toxic substances) produced at the Polinela Analysis Laboratory. The study was conducted in May to November 2019. The results obtained from 3 (three) times of sampling in May 2019 obtained a description of the characteristics of heavy metal content in wastewater in the form of Aluminum (Al) an average of 1.59 ppm, iron content ( Fe) an average of 9.73 ppm and Cadmium (Cd) an average of 0.022 ppm. From these results it can be seen that the wastewater containing Al and Fe has passed the threshold quality standard of waste water that is allowed to be discharged into water resource (PP No.82 of 2001), while the Cd content is still below the threshold. Furthermore, through the precipitation process with Ca (OH)2 0.8 M and adsorption using activated charcoal with contact time of 3 (three) hours the content of pollutants in wastewater can be reduced to 0.92 ppm for Al metals and 0.1 ppm for metals Fe, so that it is below the standard quality of waste water that is allowed to drain in water. Keywords: adsorption, precipitation, quality standard

scholarly journals Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in North Macedonia from 2002 to 2010 Studied by Moss Biomonitoring Technique

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambe Barandovski ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva ◽  
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring

Moss biomonitoring technique was used for a heavy-metal pollution study in Macedonia in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (UNECE IPC Vegetation). Moss samples (n = 72) were collected during the summers of 2002, 2005, and 2010. The contents of 41 elements were determined by neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Using factor and cluster analyses, three geogenic factors were determined (Factor 1, including Al, As, Co, Cs, Fe, Hf, Na, Rb, Sc, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, Zr, and rare-earth elements–RE; Factor 4 with Ba, K, and Sr; and Factor 5 with Br and I), one anthropogenic factor (Factor 2, including Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn), and one geogenic-anthropogenic factor (Factor 3, including Cr and Ni). The highest anthropogenic impact of heavy metal to the air pollution in the country was from the ferronickel smelter near Kavadraci (Ni and Cr), the lead and zinc mines in the vicinity of Makedonska Kamenica, Probištip, and Kriva Palanka in the eastern part of the country (Cd, Pb, and Zn), and the former lead and zinc smelter plant in Veles. Beside the anthropogenic influences, the lithology and the composition of the soil also play an important role in the distribution of the elements.

scholarly journals STUDY OF EICHORNIA CRASSIPES POWDER FROM PANTE RIEK FOR PB2+ ION ADSORPTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mirna Rahmah Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Lead Adsorption ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

Adsorption capacity was calculated in Eichornia crassipes adsorbent. In several areas of Aceh province such as Meulaboh, Takengon, and Tamiang, people extirpate Eichornia crassipes because it is considered disturbing water flow. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the utilization of Eichornia crassipes so that it could be used as bioadsorbent in order to reduce heavy metal from waste water. The main obejctive of this research is to reduce lead content, and to determine the best condition of lead adsorption in solution by using Eichornia crassipes powder. The analysis is conducted by using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer. Research result indicates that optimum adsorption occurs at solution with pH of 4.4, lead concentration of 40 mg/L, and contact time of 75 minutes. Lead adsorption by Eichornia crassipes biomass follows adsorption isotherm of Langmuir and pseudo-second order with capacity of adsorption (am) of 27,78 mg/g, and adsorption constant (K) is 12 L/mg.

scholarly journals ANALISA EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN ION LOGAM MENGGUNAKAN CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Linda Hevira ◽  
Rahmiana Zein ◽  
Edison Munaf
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Ion Concentration

On cause of environmental pollution is the presence of heavy metals. Heavy metal such as Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) are the metals commonly found in water pollution. The untapped shell of ketapang fruit can be used as an absorbent because it has an active side that can bind to the metal ion. From the research with batch sistem was found that the absorption efficiency of metal Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) by shell of ketapang will be optimum if done at pH 6 with contact time 60 minute for ion Cd(II), 45 minute for ion Pb (II) and 75 minute for ion Cu. The optimum stirring speed of each is 100 rpm, 150 rpm and 100 rpm. The optimum absorption efficiency occured at concentration of 10 mg/L on metal Cd (II) and Pb (II) that are 86,38 % and 98,51 % while the Cu (II) metal at 5 mg/L concentration is 94,06 % with mass of ketapang 0.1 g,0.5 g and 0.5 g each metal ion. The metal ion concentration was analyzed by AAS and the dominant functional group binding metal ions was analiyzed by FTIR Salah satu penyebab pencemaran lingkungan adalah terdapatnya logam berat. Logam berat seperti Cd, Pb dan Cu merupakan logam yang sering ditemukan dalam pencemaran air. Cangkang buah ketapang yang tidak termanfaatkan dapat dijadikan sebagai penyerap karena mempunyai sisi aktif yang dapat berikatan dengan ion logam. Dari penelitian dengan sistem batch didapatkan bahwa efisiensi penyerapan ion logam Cd (II), Pb (II) dan Cu II) oleh cangkang buah ketapang akan optimum jika dilakukan pada pH 6 dengan waktu kontak 60 menit untuk ion Cd (II), 45 menit untuk ion Pb (II) dan 75 menit untuk ion Cu (II). Kecepatan pengadukan optimum masing-masingnya adalah 100 rpm, 150 rpm dan 100 rpm. Efisiensi penyerapan optimum terjadi pada konsentrasi 10 mg/L pada logam Cd(II) dan Pb (II) yaitu 86,38 % dan 98, 51 %, sedangkan logam Cu (II) terjadi pada konsentrasi 5 mg/L yaitu 94,06 % dengan massa cangkang buah ketapang 0.1 g, 0.5 dan 0.5 g pada masing-masing ion logam. Konsentrasi ion logam dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom dan gugus fungsi dominan yang mengikat ion logam dianalisis dengan FTIR.

scholarly journals Biosorpsi logam Zn oleh biomassa Saccharomyces cerevisiae *) Biosorption of Zn metal by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
. TRI-PANJI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Excess Base ◽  
Maximum Limit ◽  
Latex Rubber

SummaryHeavy metal in waste water potentiallycauses environmental pollution. Generally,heavy metal pollutions come from metalplating, textile, latex-rubber goods, and otherindustries. The process of latex-rubber goodindustries uses heavy metal in the form ofZnO as accelerator for rubber vulcanizationprocess, so that Zn 2+ ion exists in wastewatereffluents in concentration as much as 300 ppm,whereas the maximum limit allowed is 2.5 ppm.The chemical way generally used to decreaseZn 2+ concentration in wastewater effluents isby adding bases, NaOH or Ca(OH) 2 until pHreached 11, hence this metal is precipitated asits hydroxide. However, the way is done, isvery high cost and has a risk of the emergencesecondary pollution caused by excess base. Analternative way to absorb Zn 2+ consideredinexpensive is by using biosorbent in the formof Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass frombioethanol industrial waste. The research wasconducted using artificial wastewater withZn 2+ ion concentration of 300 ppm and the pHwas adjusted to the range between 3-7.Biosorption was conducted by addition of freeS. cerevisiae biomass as well as byimmobilized cells on filter paper. Observationwas carried out for Zn 2+ concentration aftercontact time of two and five hours. The resultsof the research indicated that free andimmobilized S. cerevisiae biomass couldabsorb Zn 2+ metal and decreased itsconcentration from 250-300 ppm to 20-50 ppm.The optimum contact time was reached at onehour, while optimum sorption process occurredat pH 5. At low concentration, less than20 ppm S. cerevisiae biomass absorbed lessZn 2+ The NaOH-treated biomass showed bettersorption capabilities compared to cells treatedby formaldehyde or heat treatments. Thecontinue experiment showed the high capacityof biomass treated with NaOH to absorb Zn 2+ ,until concentration 24,02- 47,95 ppm in thefirst sampling and 1,15-10,99 ppm in thesecond sampling. Combination adsorptionprocess using charcoal and zeolite couldadsorp remain concentration of Zn 2+ , so thatcould reached the limit concentration-allowed.RingkasanLogam berat di dalam air limbahmerupakan penyebab pencemaran lingkunganyang potensial. Pencemaran logam berat padaumumnya berasal dari industri penyepuhanlogam, tekstil, barang jadi lateks, serta industrilain. Pada proses industri barang jadi lateksdigunakan logam berat dalam bentuk ZnOsebagai akselerator proses vulkanisasi karet,sehingga ion Zn 2+ terbawa dalam air limbahindustri barang jadi dengan konsentrasimencapai 300 ppm, sedangkan ambang bataskonsentrasi yang diperbolehkan maksimaladalah 2,5 ppm. Cara kimia yang umum di-gunakan untuk menurunkan kandunganZn 2+ dalam air limbah adalah dengan caramenambahkan basa, umumnya NaOH atauCa(OH) 2 , sampai pH sekitar 11, sehinggalogam berat ini diendapkan sebagai hidroksida-nya. Namun demikian, cara ini sangat mahaldan beresiko munculnya pencemaran sekunderakibat kelebihan basa. Salah satu alternatifyang murah untuk penyerapan Zn 2+ adalahmenggunakan biosorben berupa biomassaSaccharomyces cerevisiae yang berasal darilimbah pabrik bioetanol.Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengguna-kan air limbah artifisial yang mengandung ionZn 2+ dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm. Limbahartifisial diatur pHnya antara 3-7. Biosorpsidilakukan dengan menambahkan biomassaS. cerevisiae bebas maupun yang diamobilisasidengan kertas saring. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap kandungan Zn 2+ setelah waktu kontakdua dan lima jam. Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa biomassa S. cerevisiae bebasmaupun amobil mampu menyerap logam Zn 2+dan menurunkan konsentrasinya dari 250-300 ppm menjadi 20-50 ppm. Waktu kontakoptimum dicapai setelah satu jam, sedangkanproses sorpsi optimum terjadi pada pH 5.Biomassa S. cerevisiae kurang efektifmenyerap logam Zn 2+ pada konsentrasi rendah,di bawah 20 ppm. Perlakuan biomassa meng-gunakan NaOH menunjukkan kemampuanpenyerapan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkandengan yang diperlakukan menggunakanformaldehida dan pemanasan. Percobaan padaaliran kontinyu yang menggunakan biomassayang diperlaukan menggunakan NaOH,menunjukkan bahwa limbah artifisial Zn 2+dapat diturunkan sampai konsentrasi 24,02-47,95 ppm pada sampling pertama, dan 1,15-10,99 ppm pada sampling kedua. Kombinasipenyerapan menggunakan arang aktif danzeolit dapat menyerap sisa Zn 2+ mencapai batasyang diperbolehkan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document