Biogas Generation from Co-Digestion Waste Systems: The Role of Water Hyacinth

Using biomass as a renewable energy source has earned tremendous interest from researchers in recent decades, especially because the technology is environmentally benign. This article reviews the recent methods for generating biogas from water hyacinth (WH, Eichornia crassipes), arguably the world’s most evasive aquatic macrophyte. Therefore, various economic, environmentally benign, and renewable procedures that enhance biogas production from WH biomass are reviewed. WH has been co-digested with numerous waste types, including poultry droppings, municipal wastes, animal tissue wastes, pig wastes, cow dungs, etc., recording varying success degrees. Other studies focused on optimizing the operation parameters, such as mixing ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, organic loading rate, etc. We observed that most attempts to generate biogas from WH alone were not promising. However, when co-digested with other biomasses or wastes, WH either increases the process rate or improves the methane yield content. Also, the potential of WH as a phytoremdiator-cum-biogas source was investigated. This chapter provides mathematical models, scale-up installation models, and specific experimental results from various studies to guide future study plans toward optimizing CH4 generation from WH co-digestion.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN UJI POT ORGANIK BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH KULIT GALAM (Melaleuca cajuputi) DAN ENCENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI POLYBAG

The forestry and plantation sectors till now, the mass supply of seeds still using polybags made from plastic. The purpose of the study was to examine the physical characteristics and test the organic pots based on waste from galam skin and water hyacinth as well as to find out the best basic ingredients for making organic pots. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of organic pot testing for water content ranged from 4.2133 – 6.033%, all treatments met the SNI standard 03-2105-2006 (<14%). The range of water absorption values is 97.9981 – 176.2218% and the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard does not require water absorption values. Density values ranged from 0.3584 – 0.8767 gr/cm3, A, C, D, E treatments were included in the SNI 03-2105-2006 standard. The best treatment of organic pot water content was in treatment A (100% galam peel waste), water absorption was found in treatment E (100% water hyacinth) and the best density was found in treatment E (100% water hyacinth. Results of organoleptic test of organic pots Based on the preference for color and texture, the highest was found in treatment A (100% galam bark waste) with a very hard texture and blackish color

A City as a Source of Introduction for Tropical Alien Species (Egeria Densa Planch., Pistia Stratiotes L. & Eichornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in Natural Ecosystems with a Temperate Climate

This paper is concerned with the study of ecology and invasive behaviour of southern tropical invaders (Egeria densa, Pistia stratiotes, Eichornia crassipes) in the setting of urban landscape water bodies with a temperate climate (the case of Kyiv, Ukraine). The article explores the role of a city as a source of invasions. It shows that escape from aquaculture (aquariums or decorative ponds) or deliberate release into natural water bodies are the main settlement solution. A brief historical background of these species found in water bodies of Ukraine has been presented. Favourable treatment for modern invasions of pantropical species has been analysed. Phytocoenotic special aspects of the communities formed by these species and ways and possibilities of naturalization of species in natural water bodies have been explored. Production indicators are being analysed.

PENGOMPOSAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia Crassipes SOLMS) DENGAN METODE SEMI ANAEROB DAN PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR EM4

Eceng gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) adalah tumbuhan yang tumbuh di perairan seperti danau, sungai dan rawa-rawa. Eceng gondok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik yang terlebih dahulu harus dikomposkan. Kompos eceng gondok tidak hanya dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan unsur hara bagi tanaman, tetapi dapat membantu memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara di dalam kompos eceng gondok dan memanfaatkan tanaman eceng gondok sebagai alternatif pembuatan kompos untuk media tumbuh tanaman di persemaian serta mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan aktivator EM4 pada proses pengomposan eceng gondok. Pembuatan kompos eceng gondok dengan metode semi anaerob menggunakan aktivator EM4 dilakukan dengan tujuan mempercepat penguraian bahan organik menjadi kompos. Proses pengomposan dilakukan selama 21 hari dan menghasilkan kompos jadi sebanyak 25,4 kg (17,15%) dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi warna, bau, suhu, kelembaban, pH, kadar unsur hara N, P, K ,Ca, Mg dan kadar C-Organik serta C/N bahan. Hasil analisis kualitas kimia kompos yang dihasilkan dari kompos eceng gondok dengan metode semi anaerob menggunakan aktivator EM4, untuk suhu rata-rata = 42,1 °C, Kadar unsur hara N = 2,00%, P = 0,582%, K = 1,87%, CaO = 2,358%, MgO = 0,390%, Kadar C - Organik = 19,29% memenuhi Standar SNI 19-7030-2004 kecuali pH = 7,82 melebihi standar.

Potential of local plant Eleocharis dulcis for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands system: review

Plants have a vital role in constructed wetlands because they provide oxygen in removing pollutants, as a medium of microorganisms, as absorbers of nutrients and other pollutants, must be resistant to high levels of pollutant loads and stressful conditions. Several plants have potential for constructed wetland, namely Phragmites sp., Typha sp., Canna indica, Colocasia esculenta, Eichornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis, and others. Eleocharis dulcis is a local plant commonly found in South Kalimantan. Eleocharis dulcis in the local, namely Purun tikus, grows in tidal swamps and grows in areas of high soil acidity (pH 2.5 – 3.5). Eleocharis dulcis can be used in tackling reclamation waste of acid sulfate soil which can absorb 1.45% of N elements; Cu 15 ppm; P 0.08%; Zn 48 ppm; Mg 0.16%; Fe 1.386 ppm; S 0.18%; Mn 923 ppm; K 2.05%; and Ca 0.22%. According to several studies that have been carried out, Eleocharis dulcis have been shown to reduce several pollutant loads such as Hg 99.84%; Pb; Cd; Fe 85.68%; SO4; Mn 78.94%; BOD 98.74%; COD 98.73%; and turbidity 80% also. The local plant Eleocharis dulcis can be potentially used as wastewater treatment, especially in a constructed wetland systems.

Quality Improvement of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) Leaf Meal Fermented with Aspergillus Niger as Fish Feed Ingredient

An experiment was conducted to investigate the nutrient quality of water hyacinth leaf meal (WHLM) fermented with different doses of Aspergillus niger as fish feed ingredients. This study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three repetitions. The doses of A. niger supplemented in WHLM were 0; 6; 8; 10; and 12%. Results of this study showed that nutrient quality of WHLM with A. niger supplementation significantly affected the reduction of crude fiber and increase of crude protein (P<0.05). Addition of 12% A. niger is the best treatment for improving protein and fiber quality of water hyacinth leaf meal.

Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) untuk Briket Sebagai Bahan Bakar Energi Alternatif di Kelurahan Panji Sari, Lombok Tengah

Panji Sari merupakan kelurahan yang terletak di sekitar Bendungan Batujai yang terbagi menjadi enam lingkungan, yaitu Lingkungan Bukal Malang, Gelondong, Harapan Baru, Kemulah, Darul Falah Selatan, dan Darul Falah Utara. Letak geografis Panji Sari yang berdekatan dengan Bendungan Batujai, mengakibatkan tumbuhan eceng gondok banyak ditemukan di wilayah Panji Sari, khususnya Lingkungan Bukal Malang. Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) adalah tanaman yang hidup mengapung di air dan kadang-kadang berakar dalam tanah. Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) berkembang biak dengan sangat cepat, baik secara vegetatif maupun generatif. Akibat pertumbuhannya yang cepat, eceng gondok sering kali menjadi gulma yang menganggu suatu perairan termasuk juga di wilayah kelurahan Panji Sari. Keberadaan eceng gondok yang ditemukan dalam jumlah besar menjadi sangat potensial sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan briket. Pembuatan briket merupakan upaya mengubah keberadaan eceng gondok sebagai bahan bakar energi terbarukan, menjadi solusi dalam upaya ‘zero waste’ serta dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi masyarakat Kelurahan Panji Sari. Pembuatan briket menggunakan eceng gondok sebagai bahan utama yang ditunjang dengan bahan lain dari kulit biji kenari, sekam padi, ranting kayu, serta tepung tapioka sebagai perekatnya. Hasil dari pembuatan briket eceng gondok dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai pengganti arang batok kelapa yang digunakan masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai bahan bakar serta pembuatan briket akan dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis tinggi bagi masyarakat khususnya di Kelurahan Panji Sari.