Research on and Applications of Au/Pt Thermocouples

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Guo Chang Zhao ◽  
Chun Lei Zhao ◽  
Li Ping Song ◽  
Xian Yi Tong
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
The Us

Elemental thermocouples are capable of meeting the demanding requirements of high temperature measurement with high accuracy, wide temperature measurement range, and long operational life. With an ever increasing need for more accurate, more precise temperature measuring devices over a wide spectrum of temperatures, elemental thermocouples show great promise when compared with its counterparts. The Au/Pt thermocouple, one of the more effective elemental metal combinations, is the ideal standard thermometer in the range of 0°C - 1000°C due to its reproducibility, accuracy, stability, and durability, causing the US and Korea to standardize its use. Much academic work has been done on the accuracy, stability, thermoelectric properties, structural design, and calibration methods of Au/Pt thermocouples to develop it to its current state. This paper summarizes research done on Au/Pt thermocouples, both domestically and internationally, in order to provide a foundation for future improvement.

CCD Temperature Measurement System Design Based on Truncated Mean Weighed Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 746-750
Author(s):  
Fei Xue ◽  
Fu Tao Dong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
System Design ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Light Filters ◽  
Temperature Measurement System

In order to improve the accuracy, range and instantaneity of high temperature measurement, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image temperature measurement system was designed based on multi-sensor truncated mean weighed fusion. Firstly, CCD temperature measurement range was expanded by 6 light filters. Then 15 colorimetric-sensors calculated the surface temperature of experimental molten pool. Finally, the more accurate fusion estimate of temperature value was acquired by using truncated mean weighted factors. The experiment results demonstrate that system have faster processing speed in the measurement of 800°C. The errors were kept within ±2%. This method is effective in improvement of system accuracy and instantaneity.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

The Al-Qaeda Revival in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Tribal Areas

Pakistan remains a country of vital importance for Al-Qaeda. It is primarily because of Al-Qaeda’s advent, rise and shelter and not to mention the support the terrorist organization found at the landscape of Pakistan during the last two decades. The emergence of in Pakistan can be traced back to the Afghan War (1979-89), with a brief sabbatical in Sudan the Islamist terrorist group rose to gain prominence after shifting back to Afghanistan. It then became a global ‘Islamist’ terrorist entity while based in neighboring Afghanistan and found safe havens in the erstwhile tribal areas of Pakistan in the aftermath of the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Prior to its formation in 1988 in Peshawar (Pakistan), it had worked as Maktab al-Khidmat (Services Bureau) during the Afghan War.2 It had its roots in Pakistan, which had become a transit point of extremists en route to Afghanistan during the War. All high profile Al-Qaeda leaders, later becoming high-value targets, and members of its central Shura had lived in Pakistan at one point in their lives. That is the very reason the Al-Qaeda in Pakistan is termed as Al-Qaeda Core or Central among law enforcement practitioners and intelligence communities. Without going into details of Al-Qaeda’s past in Pakistan the aim of this article is to focus on its current state of affairs and what future lies ahead of it in Pakistan.

Study on characteristics of schottky temperature detector based on metal/n-ZnO/n-Si structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Caixia Guo ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Linqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Schottky Structure

Background: At present, the main problems of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) temperature detector focus on the narrow range of temperature detection, difficulty of the high temperature measurement. Besides, MEMS devices have different response characteristics for various surrounding temperature in the petrochemical and metallurgy application fields with high-temperature and harsh conditions. To evaluate the performance stability of the hightemperature MEMS devices, the real-time temperature measurement is necessary. Objective: A schottky temperature detector based on the metal/n-ZnO/n-Si structures is designed to measure high temperature (523~873K) for the high-temperature MEMS devices with large temperature range. Method: By using the finite element method (FEM), three different work function metals (Cu, Ni and Pt) contact with the n-ZnO are investigated to realize Schottky. At room temperature (298K) and high temperature (523~873K), the current densities with various bias voltages (J-V) are studied. Results: The simulation results show that the high temperature response power consumption of three schottky detectors of Cu, Ni and Pt decreases successively, which are 1.16 mW, 63.63 μW and 0.14 μW. The response temperature sensitivities of 6.35 μA/K, 0.78 μA/K, and 2.29 nA/K are achieved. Conclusion: The Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si schottky structure could be used as a high temperature detector (523~873K) for the hightemperature MEMS devices. It has a large temperature range (350K) and a high response sensitivity is 6.35 μA/K. Compared with traditional devices, the Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si Schottky structure based temperature detector has a low energy consumption of 1.16 mW, which has potential applications in the high-temperature measurement of the MEMS devices.

scholarly journals Albanian National Action Plan for Roma Inclusion 2016–2020: A Study on the Program Achievements at the Halfway Mark

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110361
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Education And Employment

Roma segregation in Albania has been causing growing concern since the fall of the communist regime. In this study, we analyze the effectiveness of the Albanian national action plan for Roma inclusion 2016–2020, in 2018, halfway in its implementation period. We gathered data on education and employment from the pre-implementation period (2015) and compared it with the latest available data in 2018. Interviews with local experts and surveys by the Balkan Barometer will provide background information to assess the current state of Roma integration in Albania. Moreover, descriptive statistics from national and international institutions and structured interviews will draw an independent narrative of Roma affairs. In our conclusion, we suggest moving beyond the “us and them” approach with programs run on inertia; our findings highlight that although encouraging achievements have been reached under the 2016–2020 action plan, real inclusion is still far, as statistical achievements do not say much about the quality of the education or job training provided under the 2016–2020 action plan.

What We (Still) Need to Learn: Stuart Hall and the Struggle Against Racism

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (102) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Gilbert B. Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
As If

Forty years ago, in his seminal essay, 'The Whites of Their Eyes', Stuart Hall admonished the left for its – our – collective failure in figuring out how to fight back against racism effectively. Sadly, his criticism is no less valid today than it was then, and we still have a lot to learn about how to defeat racism once and for all. We've known for more than a century that this thing we call 'race' isn't a scientifically valid phenomenon – and yet it continues to function perfectly well in the world as if it is one anyway. As Hall noted in a 2011 interview, the mere act of unmasking essentialisms and deconstructing binaries doesn't stop them from 'roaring away' in the world, completely undisturbed by our analytic prowess. This essay takes stock of the current state of anti-racist struggles (at least in the US) and offers a critical analysis of how and why our current efforts to combat racism continue to be so ineffective.

scholarly journals Private in-patient psychiatry in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Russakoff
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Current System ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

SummaryThe US healthcare system is in the midst of major changes driven by four forces: the growing consensus in the country that the current system is financially unsustainable; managed care and parity legislation; the Affordable Care Act 2010; and the ageing of the ‘baby boomer’ generation. How these forces will combine and interact is unclear. The current state of in-patient psychiatric care and trends affecting the private practice of in-patient psychiatry over the next few years will be described.

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