Biomass Biodegradable Starch Material Cushioning Packaging Products and Plasticizing Properties of Compatibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Xiu Jie Jia ◽  
Jian Feng Li ◽  
Fang Yi Li

Biomass cushioning packaging material has been gaining attention in the properties of the materials because of biodegradable and green environmental protection, and the starch plastics play an important role. Urea, formamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol four material compounded with starch respectively, for the purpose to forming hydrogen bonds by the test in this paper, the ability to hydrogen bond with the starch has been observed by infrared spectrum analysis. The results showed that urea, formamide as strong electronegative group stronger binding, glycerol and ethylene glycol are more preferably to form hydrogen bonds with the starch because of more hydroxyl group content.

Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Nishiyama

The contribution of hydrogen bonds and the London dispersion force in the cohesion of cellulose is discussed in the light of the structure, spectroscopic data, empirical molecular-modelling parameters and thermodynamics data of analogue molecules. The hydrogen bond of cellulose is mainly electrostatic, and the stabilization energy in cellulose for each hydrogen bond is estimated to be between 17 and 30 kJ mol −1 . On average, hydroxyl groups of cellulose form hydrogen bonds comparable to those of other simple alcohols. The London dispersion interaction may be estimated from empirical attraction terms in molecular modelling by simple integration over all components. Although this interaction extends to relatively large distances in colloidal systems, the short-range interaction is dominant for the cohesion of cellulose and is equivalent to a compression of 3 GPa. Trends of heat of vaporization of alkyl alcohols and alkanes suggests a stabilization by such hydroxyl group hydrogen bonding to be of the order of 24 kJ mol −1 , whereas the London dispersion force contributes about 0.41 kJ mol −1  Da −1 . The simple arithmetic sum of the energy is consistent with the experimental enthalpy of sublimation of small sugars, where the main part of the cohesive energy comes from hydrogen bonds. For cellulose, because of the reduced number of hydroxyl groups, the London dispersion force provides the main contribution to intermolecular cohesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
H. Hushvaktov ◽  
A. Jumabaev ◽  
G. Murodov ◽  
A. Absanov ◽  
G. Sharifov

Intra- and intermolecular interactions in liquid ethylene glycol have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy method and non-empirical calculations. The results of non-empirical calculations show that an intermolecular hydrogen bond is formed between the hydrogen atom of the OH group in one ethylene glycol molecule and the oxygen atom in the other molecule. The formation of this bond gives rise to a substantial redistribution of charges between those atoms, which, nevertheless, insignificantly changes the bond length. In the corresponding Raman spectra, the presence of hydrogen bonds between the ethylene glycol molecules manifests itself as the band asymmetry and splitting.


Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Mazurek ◽  
Marcel Hoffmann ◽  
Ana Fernandez Casares ◽  
D. Phillip Cox ◽  
Mathew D. Minardi ◽  
...  

Conditions to obtain two polymorphic forms by crystallization from solution were determined for the analgesic drug hydromorphone [C17H19NO3; systematic name: (4R,4aR,7aR,12bS)-9-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,4a,5,6,7a,13-octahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one]. These two crystalline forms, designated as I and II, belong to theP212121orthorhombic space group. In both polymorphs, the hydromorphone molecules adopt very similar conformations with some small differences observed only in theN-methyl amine part of the molecule. The crystal structures of both polymorphs feature chains of molecules connected by hydrogen bonds; however, in form I this interaction occurs between the hydroxyl group and the tertiary amine N atom whereas in form II the hydroxyl group acts as a donor of a hydrogen bond to the O atom from the cyclic ether part.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Kohli ◽  
Rupinder Preet Kaur

In the present study, a theoretical analysis of hydrogen bond formation of ethylene glycol, thioglycol, dithioglycol with single water molecule has been performed based on structural parameters of optimized geometries, interaction energies, deformation energies, orbital analysis and charge transfer. ab initio molecular orbital theory (MP2) method in conjunction with 6-31+G* basis set has been employed. Twelve aggregates of the selected molecules with water have been optimized at MP2/6-31+G* level and analyzed for intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The evaluated interaction energies suggest aggregates have hydrogen bonds of weak to moderate strength. Although the aggregates are primarily stabilized by conventional hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, yet C-H···O, S-H···O, O-H···S, etc. untraditional hydrogen bonds also contribute to stabilize many aggregates. The hydrogen bonding involving sulfur in the aggregates of thioglycol and dithioglycol is disfavoured electrostatically but favoured by charge transfer. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has been employed to understand the role of electron delocalizations, bond polarizations, charge transfer, etc. as contributors to stabilization energy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
James A. Kaduk ◽  
Amy M. Gindhart ◽  
Thomas N. Blanton

The crystal structures of two forms of alclometasone dipropionate have been solved and refined using a single synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction pattern and optimized using density functional techniques. Both forms crystallize in the space group P212121 (#19) with Z = 4. The lattice parameters of Form 1 are a = 10.44805(7), b = 14.68762(8), c = 17.31713(9) Å, and V = 2657.44(2) Å3, and those of Form 2 are a = 10.69019(13), b = 14.66136(23), c = 17.17602(23) Å, and V = 2692.05(5) Å3. Both density functional theory and molecular mechanics optimizations indicate that Form 2 is lower in energy, but the differences are within the expected uncertainties of such calculations. In both forms, the only traditional hydrogen bond is between the hydroxyl group and the ketone in the steroid A ring. The chlorine atom acts as an acceptor in two intramolecular C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds involving ring hydrogens, as well as in an intermolecular hydrogen bond involving a methyl group. There are several C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, mainly to ketone oxygens, but also to the hydroxyl group and an ether oxygen. The powder patterns have been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin M. Wheatley ◽  
James A. Kaduk

The crystal structures of (NH4)H2C6H5O7 and (NH4)3C6H5O7 have been determined using a combination of powder and single crystal techniques. The structure of (NH4)2HC6H5O7 has been determined previously by single crystal diffraction. All three structures were optimized using density functional techniques. The crystal structures are dominated by N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, though O-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds are also important. In (NH4)H2C6H5O7 very strong centrosymmetric charge-assisted O-H-O hydrogen bonds link one end of the citrate into chains along the b-axis. A more-normal O-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond links the other end of the citrate to the central ionized carboxyl group. In (NH4)2HC6H5O7, the very strong centrosymmetric O-H-O hydrogen bonds link the citrates into zig-zag chains along the b-axis. The citrates occupy layers parallel to the bc plane, and the ammonium ions link the layers through N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. In (NH4)3C6H5O7, the hydroxyl group forms a hydrogen bond to a terminal carboxylate, and there is an extensive array of N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. The energies of the density functional theory-optimized structures lead to a correlation between the energy of an N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond and the Mulliken overlap population: E(N-H⋅⋅⋅O) (kcal/mole) = 23.1(overlap)½. Powder patterns of (NH4)H2C6H5O7 and (NH4)3C6H5O7 have been submitted to International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the powder diffraction file.


Author(s):  
Л.Л. Леонтьев ◽  
И.Д. Лобок ◽  
В.И. Иванов-Омский ◽  
А.С. Смолин

Произведено сравнение систем водородных связей во внешнем и внутреннем слоях березовой бересты, в сравнении с водородными связями в высококачественной бумаге и в образце выделенной из древесины целлюлозы. Интервал исследуемых частот от 3000 до 3700 см-1, ограничен областью поглощения гидроксильными ОН-группами, частоты которых наиболее чувствительны к возникновению Н-связей. Для оценки параметров Н-связей проводилась деконволюция полос поглощения ОН-групп гауссовыми компонентами. Для корректного выделения поглощения гидроксильными группамипервоначально деконволюции подвергается весь фрагмент, включающий в себя полосы поглощения как метиленовым, так и гидроксильными группами. В дальнейшем анализировались только параметры контуров деконволюции, относящейся к гидроксильным группам. Принималось, что каждый компонент деконволюции может быть ассоциирован с определенным типом водородной связи. Определялся сдвиг частот компонентов деконволюции относительно собственной частоты колебаний изолированной гидроксильной группы, не охваченной по этой причине водородной связью. Для определения энергии водородных связей использовались литературные данные по корреляции энергии водородной связи с частотным сдвигом. Относительная плотность водородных связей оценивалась по отношению площадей контуров деконволюции. A comparison was made of the hydrogen bond systems in the outer and inner layer of birch bark, as well as a comparison of high-quality paper with a sample of pure pulp. The range of frequencies under study from 3000 to 3700 cm-1 is limited by the absorption region by hydroxyl OH groups, the frequencies of which are most sensitive to the occurrence of H bonds. To estimate the parameters of H-bonds, the absorption bands of OH groups were deconvolved by Gaussian components. In order to correctly isolate the absorption by hydroxyl groups, the entire fragment, whichincludes absorption bands of both methylene and hydroxyl groups, is initially deconvolved. In the future, only the parameters of the deconvolution contours related to hydroxyl groups were analyzed. It was assumed that each component of deconvolution can be associated with a certain type of hydrogen bond. The frequency shift of the components of the deconvolution was determined relative to the natural frequency of vibrations of the isolated hydroxyl group, which is therefore not covered by a hydrogen bond. To determine the energy of hydrogen bonds, we used literature data on the correlation of the hydrogen bond energy with a frequency shift. The relative density of hydrogen bonds was estimated by the ratio of the area of the contours of deconvolution.


IUCrData ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vimala ◽  
N. Poomathi ◽  
P. T. Perumal ◽  
A. SubbiahPandi

In the title compound, C13H10N2O5, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and phenyl ring is 50.47 (2)°. The hydroxyl H and ketone O atoms form an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group almost coplanar with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers. The dimers are linked by further C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional architecture.


IUCrData ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miri Yoo ◽  
Dongsoo Koh

In the title compound, C28H28O6, the benzene rings in the resveratrol moiety are connected by a trans C=C double bond, and the hydroxyl group containing a benzene ring and the central benzene ring are linked through a C=(O)—C=C (enone) moiety to form a chalcone unit. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate dimers and additional weak C—H...O interactions link the dimers into chains propagating along the b-axis direction.


1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ferguson ◽  
Christopher Glidewell ◽  
Emma S. Lavender

In 4,4′-biphenol–1,10-phenanthroline (1/1) [systematic name: 4,4′-biphenyldiol–1,10-phenanthroline (1/1)] the diphenol molecules lie across centres of inversion and the phenanthroline molecules lie across twofold rotation axes; the phenanthroline molecules act as chain-building units and the molecular components are linked into steeply zigzag C(16) chains parallel to [101] by means of O—H...N hydrogen bonds. In the structure of 4,4′-thiodiphenol–1,10-phenanthroline (1/2) the phenanthroline molecules act as chain-terminating units; the supramolecular aggregation is finite, with the bisphenol linked to each phenanthroline molecule by means of a single O—H...N hydrogen bond. π−π stacking interactions between the phenanthroline molecules in neighbouring hydrogen-bonded aggregates serve to link these aggregates into a continuous two-dimensional array. The phenanthroline molecules in 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol–1,10-phenanthroline (2/3) play two roles: molecules in general positions act as chain-terminating units and are linked to the sulfonyldiphenol molecules by means of three-centre O—H...(N)2 hydrogen bonds, while those lying across twofold rotation axes act as chain builders and are linked to two different sulfonyldiphenol molecules by means of a two-centre O—H...N hydrogen bond in each case; the resulting U-shaped five-component aggregates are further linked by C—H...O=S hydrogen bonds into a C_3^3(17)[R_2^2(12)] `chain of rings' along [001]. In 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane–1,10-phenanthroline–methanol (1/1/1) [systematic name: 4,4′,4′′-ethylidynetriphenol–1,10-phenanthroline–methanol (1/1/1)] the phenanthroline molecules again act as chain-terminating units: the trisphenol molecules and the methanol molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into two-dimensional nets built from R_6^6(42) rings, and pairs of these nets are interwoven. The formation of each net utilizes two hydroxyl groups per trisphenol molecule as hydrogen-bond donors and the remaining hydroxyl group acts as donor to the phenanthroline molecule in a three-centre O—H...(N)2 hydrogenbond.


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