Phenolic Rich Components Identification of Heavy Oil Fractions of Biomass Pyrolytic Oil for Epoxy Resin Binder

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Murtala Musa Ahmed ◽  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Usman Dadum Hamza ◽  
Jibril Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Identification and assessment of phenol and phenolic rich components of heavy oil fractions of biomass pyrolytic oil were conducted. The original bio-oil used for this study was derived from the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB). It was separated into water soluble (light oil) and water insoluble (heavy oil) components by mixing it with water at 2:1 V/V ratio under ambient condition with vigorous stirring using centrifuge for 30mins. The raw bio-oil and the heavy oil fractions were later characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques in order to identify the function groups present and their compositions. The GC-MS results for the heavy oil indicated a high concentration of phenol and phenolic components, which was strongly supported by the presence of OH group (characteristic of phenol) from FTIR analysis. Utilization of bio-oil which was known to have a significant amount of phenol and phenolic rich components for phenolic, novolac or epoxy resin manufacture would significantly reduce the cost and negative environmental effects of the fossil-based resins.

Corrosion Inhibition Study of Upgraded Bio-Oil Derived Empty Fruit Bunch Using Alumina

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Murtala Musa Ahmed ◽  
Mariam Amruddin ◽  
Usman Dadum Hamza ◽  
Jibril Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Inhibition Study ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
Aluminium Metal

Bio-oil derived from the pyrolysis of a sustainable palm biomass has great potential as a suitable replacement to the conventional source of fuels and chemicals. However, the bio-oil produced is highly acidic and corrosive due to presence of acids that can leads to operational difficulties. As such, purification of the bio-oil for the targeted application as chemicals or fuel source needs to be conducted. This study is aimed at conducting further study on the isolation of insoluble fractions (heavy oil) of bio-oil and at the same time assesses the corrosiveness of the insoluble fractions and compare with that of raw bio-oil. This was done in order see whether the corrosive properties of the raw bio-oil are associated with these fractions or not. It was later upgraded using various ratio of zero valence aluminium metal as corrosion inhibitor. The raw bio-oil and the upgraded heavy oil fractions samples were characterized using various techniques. The results indicate significant improvement on the various properties tested on the side of upgraded heavy oil fractions than the raw bio-oil. Thus, realization of bio-oil quality for its subsequent application as fuel can significantly reduce operational difficulties in engines and other processing equipment.

scholarly journals A Novel Sulfonated Alkyl Ester Surfactant to Reduce Interfacial Tensions in a Wide Range Salinity with Monovalent and Divalent Ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufan Marhaendrajana ◽  
Rani Kurnia ◽  
Deana Wahyuningrum ◽  
Iqbal Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Alkyl Ester ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Divalent Ions ◽  
Interfacial Tensions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Unique Chemical

A novel sulfonated alkyl ester (SAE) was developed. The sulfonated alkyl ester has unique chemical structures that aimed to combine the advantages of ester-based and sulfonate-based surfactant in one compound. This surfactant was studied for its performance to reduce interfacial tensions in a wide range of salinity with monovalent and divalent ions and in a light and heavy oil samples. The study showed that the sulfonated alkyl ester surfactant gives a good performance in a light oil sample in a high monovalent ion concentration and also give a good performance in a heavy oil sample in both low and high concentration of monovalent and divalent ions solution.

Stabilization of Bio-Oil Fractions for Insertion into Petroleum Refineries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Brown ◽  
◽  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Mark Wright ◽  
Douglas Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

scholarly journals Steam Reforming of Bio-oil Fractions: Effect of Composition and Stability

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 3289-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Ortiz-Toral ◽  
Justinus Satrio ◽  
Robert C. Brown ◽  
Brent H. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Review of characterization methods for water-soluble polymers used in oil sand and heavy oil industrial applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Terrestrial Animal

Water-soluble polymers have been used in many applications in the oil sand and heavy oil industries, including drilling, enhanced oil recovery, tailings treatment, and water treatment. Because they are water soluble, residual polymer can remain with the aqueous phase, potentially leading to environmental impacts. Investigating the environmental fate of these water-soluble polymers is particularly important as they may be toxic to aquatic biota or terrestrial animal life. However, since polymers are somewhat complex because of their high molecular weight, there are many challenges in their measurement, especially in complex matrices. In this paper, polymers used in oilfield applications, particularly in the oil sand or heavy oil industries, are reviewed and various analytical methods for polymer characterization are compared.

Polymerization During Low-Temperature Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-Oil: Effects of Interactions Among Bio-Oil Fractions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Xuepeng Wang ◽  
Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan ◽  
Chun Ho Lam ◽  
Xun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Compatibility Study of Condensate and Heavy Oil for Storage in an Iranian Reservoir

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
K. Zobeidi ◽  
M. Ganjeh-Ghazvini ◽  
V. Hematfar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Positive Effect

Summary During the years 2017–2020, when Iran faced restrictions on the sale of oil and gas condensate and due to the need for domestic consumption and gas sales commitments, it was inevitable to produce gas at full capacity. This coercion has led to significant production of gas condensates. Some of these condensates were sold, some were converted into products such as gasoline in domestic refineries, and some of these condensates needed to be stored, but the storage capacity was limited. For the purpose of underground condensate storage, a heavy oil reservoir was selected based on some technical and operational criteria. A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the potential risks of condensate injection into the reservoir. The results of tests on asphaltene precipitation, as the most important risk, indicated no severe precipitation would occur even if high concentration of condensate mixed with the reservoir heavy oil. The recovery of condensate and the production performance of the reservoir were simulated in three different injection-production scenarios. The results showed a positive effect of condensate injection on production rate of the reservoir. Moreover, satisfactory volume of condensate could be recovered in a reasonable period of time.

scholarly journals Two years of online measurement of fine particulate nitrate in the western Yangtze River Delta: influences of thermodynamics and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> hydrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 17177-17190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Wei Nie ◽  
Xuguang Chi ◽  
Yuning Xie ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Online Measurement ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions

Abstract. Particulate nitrate contributes a large fraction of secondary aerosols. Despite understanding of its important role in regional air quality and global climate, long-term continuous measurements are rather limited in China. In this study, we conducted online measurement of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 µm) nitrate for 2 years from March 2014 to February 2016 using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) in the western Yangtze River Delta (YRD), eastern China, and investigate the main factors that influenced its temporal variations and formation pathways. Compared to other sites in China, an overall high concentration of particulate nitrate was observed, with a mean value of 15.8 µg m−3 (0.5 to 92.6 µg m−3). Nitrate on average accounted for 32 % of the total mass of water-soluble ions and the proportion increased with PM loading, indicating that nitrate is a major driver of haze pollution episodes in this region. Sufficient ammonia drove most nitrate into the particle phase in the form of ammonium nitrate. A typical seasonal cycle of nitrate was observed, with the concentrations in winter on average 2 times higher than those in summer mainly due to different meteorological conditions. In summer, the diurnal variation of particulate nitrate was determined by thermodynamic equilibrium, resulting in a much lower concentration during daytime despite a considerable photochemical production. Air masses from the polluted YRD and biomass burning region contributed to the high nitrate concentration during summer. In winter, particulate nitrate did not reveal an evident diurnal variation. Regional transport from northern China played an important role in enhancing nitrate concentration. A total of 18 nitrate episodes were selected to understand the processes that drive the formation of high concentration of nitrate. Rapid nitrate formation was observed during the pre-episode (the day before nitrate episode day) nights, and dominated the increase of total water-soluble ions. Calculated nitrate from N2O5 hydrolysis was highly correlated to and accounted for 80 % of the observed nitrate, suggesting that N2O5 hydrolysis was a major contributor to the nitrate episodes. Our results suggested that rapid formation of nitrate could be a main cause for extreme aerosol pollution events in the YRD during winter, and illustrated the urgent need to control NOx emission.

Facile synthesis of water soluble reduced graphene oxide with a high concentration and its application in printable micro-supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1601-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Su ◽  
Pengli Zhu ◽  
Leicong Zhang ◽  
Fengrui Zhou ◽  
Xianwen liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Direct Printing ◽  
Reduced Graphene

A facile and efficient method has been developed to synthesize water soluble graphene (WSG), and MSCs could be easily fabricated by direct printing using WSG-based ink.

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