Research of the Salinity Effect on Nail-Holding Power of Dimension Lumber

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Ze Li Que ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Xu Na Zhu ◽  
Yong Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Salinity Effect ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
Dimension Lumber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Processing Cycle

This article mainly studied the effect of salinity on the nail-holding power in wood construction. The results showed that: in saline solution, the holding power of nails was smaller than that in purified water condition. With the increase of salt concentration, the surface and side nail-holding power of the wood specimens would both decline, but the differences between salinity treatments would be not significant. However, compared to the surface and side nail-holding power, the power on the edge was generally smaller and the difference was not obvious in the treatment of different salt concentrations. In the same concentration of salt environment, with the extension of the processing cycle, the performance of holding power of nails showed a downward trend, expect the temporary rise in the middle.

The use of thyroxine to reduce average fibre diameter in fleece wool when feed intake is increased

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
K. J. Thornberry ◽  
A. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was conducted to determine whether thyroxine injections would control the increases in fibre diameter when the wool growth of Merino wethers is stimulated by an increased supply of feed. Fifty-seven sheep were allocated to 1 of 5 levels of daily intake, ranging from 0.75 maintenance to ad libitum, and injected every third day with 3 mg of L-thyroxine or a saline solution (control). Sheep treated with thyroxine had elevated plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels, which were highest in sheep fed the least (P<0.01). Ad libitum intakes of sheep treated with thyroxine tended to be higher than that of control sheep, particularly in the fifth to seventh weeks of the experiment, and liveweight gain over the initial 4 weeks was significantly (P<0.001) less. Wool growth was increased by thyroxine treatment, although the difference was small in the second half of the experiment at the highest intake levels. Fibre diameter of sheep treated with thyroxine was greater at low intakes, although the difference diminished as intake increased. Fibre length in the second half of the experiment was positively related to intake, but there were no effects of thyroxine. Although the relationships of fibre diameter and length with wool growth did not differ between the treatment groups, length accounted for more of the variation in wool growth in the second half of the experiment in treated wethers than in control wethers (0.376 v. 0.182 of the variation, respectively). Thyroxine did not appreciably reduce the extent of the increase in fibre diameter associated with an increase in the availability and intake of feed.

Preapplication of mitomycin C for enhanced patency of myringotomy

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348
Author(s):  
Scott A. Estrem ◽  
Terry J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ktp Laser ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVES Ventilation tubes are the mainstay of surgical treatment for eustachian tube dysfunction and have been used successfully for many years. Certain disadvantages of ventilation tubes, however, have prompted research into alternative techniques including laser myringotomy. We investigated the use of KTP laser myringotomy in conjunction with topical mitomycin C to delay healing and prolong the patency of the myringotomy. METHODS Twenty myringotomies were created in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. A solution of mitomycin C was applied to the intact tympanic membrane for 15 minutes. The solution was then suctioned free, and a myringotomy was created with a KTP laser. Fifty-three rats with saline application serving as controls from a previous study were used to allow statistical assessment. RESULTS The myringotomies remained open for a median of 9.5 weeks. Control myringotomies, which received saline solution instead of mitomycin C, healed within a median of 1.5 weeks. The difference was statistically significant at P < 0.0001. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION Topically administered mitomycin C before laser myringotomy is effective in prolonging the patency of laser myringotomies in rats. The patency rate is similar to that achieved in experiments in which topical mitomycin C is placed into the myringotomy site created by the laser.

Preapplication of Mitomycin C for Enhanced Patency of Myringotomy

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Estrem ◽  
Terry J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ktp Laser ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVES: Ventilation tubes are the mainstay of surgical treatment for eustachian tube dysfunction and have been used successfully for many years. Certain disadvantages of ventilation tubes, however, have prompted research into alternative techniques including laser myringotomy. We investigated the use of KTP laser myringotomy in conjunction with topical mitomycin C to delay healing and prolong the patency of the myringotomy. METHODS: Twenty myringotomies were created in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. A solution of mitomycin C was applied to the intact tympanic membrane for 15 minutes. The solution was then suctioned free, and a myringotomy was created with a KTP laser. Fifty-three rats with saline application serving as controls from a previous study were used to allow statistical assessment. RESULTS: The myringotomies remained open for a median of 9.5 weeks. Control myringotomies, which received saline solution instead of mitomycin C, healed within a median of 1.5 weeks. The difference was statistically significant at P < 0.0001. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Topically administered mitomycin C before laser myringotomy is effective in prolonging the patency of laser myringotomies in rats. The patency rate is similar to that achieved in experiments in which topical mitomycin C is placed into the myringotomy site created by the laser.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Glucoprotamin: A Clinical Study of a New Disinfectant for Instruments

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Widmer ◽  
Reno Frei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjective:To determine the in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin for the disinfection of instruments.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:University women's hospital.Methods:Instruments were immersed in saline solution after use, and glucoprotamin was added to a concentration of 1.5% before soaking for 60 minutes. Biocidal activity was determined by the difference in colony-forming units (CFU) on instruments before and after disinfection.Results:One hundred thirty-seven instruments were collected during 10 days and exposed to a 1.5% dilution of glucoprotamin without prior washing. Bioburden before disinfection ranged from 2 × 105to 7.1 × 107CFU per instrument. Average bacterial killing was 5.98 log10CFU ± 0.48 under aerobic conditions and 6.75 log10CFU ± 0.54 under anaerobic conditions, despite the presence of large amounts of proteins on instruments that were frequently bloody. No vegetative bacteria were isolated in any sample after disinfection.Conclusion:This clinical study confirmed excellent in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin without prior removal of proteins and debris.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL INTESTINE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN INTACT AND CONTROL RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
K.V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intact Rats

Chronic enteritis is manifested by the number of changes in the mucous membranes over three divisions of the small intestine. Morphologically this is presented by tissues atrophy and sclerosis, by changes in its architecture, and enterocyte adhesions. This results in the functional disorders including the lipid metabolism impairment, the suppression of the exocrinocyte functioning, and some others, but the size of exocrine glands along the length of the small intestine is still unchanged. The small intestine is an actively functioning organ. Its villi and folds expand the area of the mucous membrane in almost 500 times; while the area of the small intestine active surface, which can come into direct contact with various affecting factors, is 200-300 m2. Therefore, the small intestine is still requiring more detailed study. However, the reports on comparing data on the morphological features of the small intestinal wall in white rats of the Wistar line, which are the most commonly used in experiments, are far from being as multitudinous in the medical and experimental literature as it was expected. This study was aimed at identifying and comparing the peculiarities in the structure and morphofunctional parameters of small intestine in rats. The study of the morphofunctional status of structural components in the small intestine (duodenum, hollow, iliac) wall was performed on 60 sexually mature Wistar male rats weighing 140-190 g, which were kept under standard conditions of the vivarium, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. All the manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with the “Rules for the Use of Laboratory Animals” (2006, Annex 4) and the mandates of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Group I included intact rats (n=15); Group (control) II included rats, which had their outer thigh incised (n=15); Group (control) III included animals treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml of saline solution (n=15); Group (control) IV included animals, which were given injections of 1 ml of saline solution intraperitoneally and had their outer thigh incised (n=15). The studying the structure of the small intestine wall in rats has demonstrated this of control animals does not differ from that in the group I intact rats. A deeper analysis has been performed by using morphometric methods to find out statistically significant differences between the parameters studied. The statistical analysis has shown that the morphometric parameters (overall wall thickness, mucosal layer thickness, submucous layer thickness, muscular layer thickness, and serous layer sickness) of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum,ilium) in the rats of control groups (II, III, IV respectively) during all study periods demonstrate no statistically significant difference. The difference reliability was insignificant at p> 0.05. Comparison of these indices with those in the intact group has pointed out that the difference reliability was also insignificant (p> 0.05). This fact will enable to carry out further comparing the studied morphometric parameters using the values presented by the intact rats only, without using data obtained in the control group of the rats.

scholarly journals   Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C.V. Do ◽  
H.W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Biogas Residues ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an experimental plant, was cut four times. The results reveal that compost and biogas residues are suitable potting substrates. The incorporation of additives mixed into the basic materials partly resulted in higher yield and nutrient uptake. However, the difference among additives was mainly insignificant. Incorporation of Hygromull, especially into biogas residues favored plant growth and increased the uptake of nutrients, which is attributed to the fact that Hygromull stores nutrients and delivers them even later in the growing season. Furthermore Hygromull reduces the salt concentration of the medium, resulting in favored plant growth of younger plants. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Wormlike Micelle Scission Free Energy and Micellar Composition: The Case of Sodium Laurylethersulphate and Cocamidopropyl Betaine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Wand ◽  
Maria Panoukidou ◽  
Annalaura Del Regno ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Paola Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Wormlike Micelle ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Cylindrical Region ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cocamidopropyl Betaine ◽  
The Relationship

The scission energy is the difference in energy between two hemispherical caps and the cylindrical region of a wormlike micelle. This energy difference is exponentially proportional to the average micelle length, which affects several macroscopic properties such as the viscosity of viscoelastic fluids. Here we use a recently published method by Wang et al (Langmuir 2018 34 1564-1573) to directly calculate the scission energy of micelles composed of monodisperse Sodium Laurylethersulphate (SLESnEO), an anionic surfactant. We perform a systematic study varying the number of ethoxyl groups (n) and salt concentration. The scission energy increases with increasing salt concentration, indicating that the formation of longer micelles is favoured. We attribute this to the increased charge screening that reduces the repulsion between head groups. However, the scission energy decreases with increasing number of ethoxyl groups as the flexibility of the head group increases and the sodium ion becomes less tightly bound to the head group. We then extend to look at the effect of a common co-surfactant, Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) and find that its addition increases the scission energy, stabilising wormlike micelles at a lower salt concentration.

scholarly journals Validation of a Saliva-Based Test for the Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michela Bulfoni ◽  
Emanuela Sozio ◽  
Barbara Marcon ◽  
Maria De Martino ◽  
Daniela Cesselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Stabilizing Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

Background. Since the beginning of the pandemic, clinicians and researchers have been searching for alternative tests to improve the screening and diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, the gold standard for virus identification is the nasopharyngeal (NP) swab. Saliva samples, however, offer clear, practical, and logistical advantages but due to a lack of collection, transport, and storage solutions, high-throughput saliva-based laboratory tests are difficult to scale up as a screening or diagnostic tool. With this study, we aimed to validate an intralaboratory molecular detection method for SARS-CoV-2 on saliva samples collected in a new storage saline solution, comparing the results to NP swabs to determine the difference in sensitivity between the two tests. Methods. In this study, 156 patients (cases) and 1005 asymptomatic subjects (controls) were enrolled and tested simultaneously for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome by RT-PCR on both NP swab and saliva samples. Saliva samples were collected in a preservative and inhibiting saline solution (Biofarma Srl). Internal method validation was performed to standardize the entire workflow for saliva samples. Results. The identification of SARS-CoV-2 conducted on saliva samples showed a clinical sensitivity of 95.1% and specificity of 97.8% compared to NP swabs. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 81% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.5%. Test concordance was 97.6% (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.86 ; 95% CI 0.81-0.91). The LoD of the test was 5 viral copies for both samples. Conclusions. RT-PCR assays conducted on a stored saliva sample achieved similar performance to those on NP swabs, and this may provide a very effective tool for population screening and diagnosis. Collection of saliva in a stabilizing solution makes the test more convenient and widely available; furthermore, the denaturing properties of the solution reduce the infective risks belonging to sample manipulation.

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