scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Glucoprotamin: A Clinical Study of a New Disinfectant for Instruments

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Widmer ◽  
Reno Frei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjective:To determine the in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin for the disinfection of instruments.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:University women's hospital.Methods:Instruments were immersed in saline solution after use, and glucoprotamin was added to a concentration of 1.5% before soaking for 60 minutes. Biocidal activity was determined by the difference in colony-forming units (CFU) on instruments before and after disinfection.Results:One hundred thirty-seven instruments were collected during 10 days and exposed to a 1.5% dilution of glucoprotamin without prior washing. Bioburden before disinfection ranged from 2 × 105to 7.1 × 107CFU per instrument. Average bacterial killing was 5.98 log10CFU ± 0.48 under aerobic conditions and 6.75 log10CFU ± 0.54 under anaerobic conditions, despite the presence of large amounts of proteins on instruments that were frequently bloody. No vegetative bacteria were isolated in any sample after disinfection.Conclusion:This clinical study confirmed excellent in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin without prior removal of proteins and debris.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

scholarly journals Effects of two different deep digital flexor tenotomy techniques on distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2010
Author(s):  
Antonio Cezar de Oliveira Dearo ◽  
Vitor Bruno Bianconi Rosa ◽  
Peter Reichmann ◽  
Milton Luis Ribeiro de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flexor Tenotomy

Deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy is a technique employed for years to treat selected disorders of the musculoskeletal system in horses. Although two different surgical approaches (i.e. mid-metacarpal and pastern) have been described for performing the procedure, in vitro quantitative data regarding the modifications induced by either technique on the distal articular angles is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the viability of a proposed biomechanical system of induced-traction used to compare the two DDF tenotomy techniques by measuring the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs. Ten pairs of forelimbs were collected and mounted to a biomechanical system developed to apply traction at the toe level. Dorsal articular angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were determined by geometric lines on radiographs taken before and after performing each technique. Comparisons between each tenotomy group and its own control, for each joint, and between the two tenotomy groups using as variable the difference between the tenotomy and control groups were tested. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the DDF tenotomy technique at the pastern level produced extension, to a lesser and greater extent, of the PIP and DIP joints, respectively when compared to the mid-metacarpal level. No remarkable differences could be observed for the MP joint. The developed traction-induced biomechanical construct seemed to be effective in producing valuable quantitative estimations of the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs subjected to different DDF tenotomy techniques.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Remineralizing Effect of Brushing with Aloe vera versus Fluoride Toothpaste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Al Haddad ◽  
Elie Khoury ◽  
Nada Farhat Mchayleh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present in vitro study is to compare the remineralization brushing effect of three toothpastes and Aloe vera (AV) gel. Materials and Methods Forty sound extracted teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution for 4 days and randomly assigned to four groups: group A: 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste; group B: AV nonfluoridated toothpaste; group C: AV 1,000-ppm fluoridated toothpaste; and group D: AV gel. A 3-minute pH cycling was performed twice a day for each group for 12 days. Specimens were analyzed before and after by scanning electron microscope—energy dispersive X-ray. Statistical analysis The outcomes were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s tests, repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by univariate analyses, and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons tests to compare the calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio within time among toothpaste groups. Results Following remineralization, the Ca:P ratio increased in all groups. The difference of the Ca:P ratio was not significant between groups C, D, and A. The mean ratio was significantly lower in group B (p-value = 0.026). Conclusions The AV gel demonstrated a remineralization capacity equal to that of the 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste. In contrast, fluoride-free AV toothpaste showed a lower remineralization efficiency. Further studies are required to understand its mechanism.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Novel Patient-Covering Negative-Pressure Box for Shielding Virus Transmission during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A Prospective Observational Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1679
Author(s):  
Shintaro Fujihara ◽  
Hideki Kobara ◽  
Noriko Nishiyama ◽  
Naoya Tada ◽  
Kazuhiro Kozuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
The Difference

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has a high risk of virus transmission during the current coronavirus disease 2019 era, and preventive measures are under investigation. We investigated the effectiveness of a newly developed patient-covering negative-pressure box system (Endo barrier®) (EB) for EGD. Eighty consecutive unsedated patients who underwent screening EGD with EB use were prospectively enrolled. To examine the aerosol ratio before, during, and after EGD, 0.3- and 0.5-μm aerosols were measured every 60 s using an optical counter. Moreover, the degree of contamination of the examiners’ goggles and vinyl gowns was assessed before and after EGD using a rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test for simulated droplets. Data were available in 73 patients and showed that 0.3- and 0.5-μm particles did not increase in 95.8% (70/73) and 94.5% (69/73) of patients during EGD under EB. There were no significant differences in the total 0.3- or 0.5-μm particle counts before versus after EGD. The difference in the ATP levels before and after EGD was −0.6 ± 16.6 relative light units (RLU) on goggles and 1.59 ± 19.9 RLU on gowns (both within the cutoff value). EB use during EGD may provide a certain preventive effect against aerosols and droplets, decreasing examiners’ exposure to viruses.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effectiveness of frozen platelet concentrates for transfusion

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lazarus ◽  
EA Kaniecki-Green ◽  
SE Warm ◽  
M Aikawa ◽  
RH Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Platelet Concentrate ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Six patients received platelet concentrate transfusions from their HLA- identical siblings. Platelet concentrates were administered either fresh, or after being frozen in 10% dimethylsulfoxide, at a slow controlled rate (1 degree C/min) or rapidly (approximately 8 degrees C/min) in the vapor-phase of a liquid nitrogen refrigerator. The median freeze-thaw loss was 13.5%. The mean 1-hr and 20-hr corrected increments in platelet count were calculated for fresh platelet concentrates transfused before and after transfusion with controlled- rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates. There was no significant difference among the first and second transfusion of fresh platelet concentrates, nor was the difference observed between fresh and controlled-rate frozen platelet concentrates significant. The difference between fresh and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates, and between controlled-rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates were highly significant (p < 0.01). In vitro tests of aggregation using ristocetin and platelet ultrastructural studies paralleled the transfusion experience. Our results indicate that HLA- identical platelet concentrates can be successfully frozen and thawed for transfusion if a slow, controlled rate of freezing is employed. The use of HLA-identical frozen platelet concentrates may be important in emergency situations for the refractory patient and potentially for the establishment of a platelet concentrate bank.

An in vitro microbial model associated with sucrose to produce dentin caries lesions

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Steiner-Oliveira ◽  
Lidiany Rodrigues ◽  
Iriana Zanin ◽  
Carolina Carvalho ◽  
Regianne Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacterial Model ◽  
Microbial Model

AbstractThe complexity of the oral environment and ethical issues have prompted the development of an in vitro bacterial model to evaluate the effect of frequency of sucrose exposure on dentin caries formation, biofilm composition, and pH changes. In the experiment, dentin specimens (n=45) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), negative control (0S), 3S (three sucrose baths), and 6S (six sucrose baths). The specimens then were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and treated according to the protocol described below. Dentin demineralization and lesion depth were assessed by transverse microradiography. Extracellular polysaccharides that formed in the biofilm were analyzed and counts of microorganisms in the carious dentin were measured. After a 7-day period of growth, the biofilm pH was assessed before and after sucrose baths (n=5). The addition of sucrose led to dentin caries development regardless of the number of sucrose baths performed. The number of colony forming units (cfu) from the carious dentin did not differ among the treatment groups, though the extracellular polysaccharides from both 3S and 6S differed from 0S. The pH decreased immediately after the sucrose bath but increased again after 5 min. We demonstrate here that the in vitro microbial model for the study of dentin caries formation is reproducible and able to produce dentin caries, irrespective of the frequency of sucrose exposure.

scholarly journals The difference of the salivary volume before and after drinking the rosella tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Permata Sari Islami ◽  
Edeh Roletta Haroen ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the herbs that began to be used by the community. Benefits of this plant is quite a lot for health. The portion taken for consumption is the red flower petals. oselle tea is one of the sour beverages which can affect the salivary gland secretion. The purpose of this study is to analyzed the difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Methods: This study has been conducted to 40 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, ranging from 18-23 years of age with good general condition. This study is quasi-experimental in vitro study using the paired test analysis with α = 0,05 of the data collected from salivary volume. Results: The result of study indicates that the average of salivary volume before drinking roselle tea is 1,90 milliliter. After drinking roselle tea, the average of salivary volume is 4,54 milliliter. The result of paired test analysis shows that t-test is 16,172 and t-table is 2,022. The value of t-test > t-table. Result of statistic shown there is significant difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Conclusion: There is a difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm activity in vitro of Rosmarinus officinalis and Syzygium cumini glycolic extracts on Staphylococcus spp. of dentistry interest

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Freire ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Luciane Dias Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Campos Junqueira ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Slime Production ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to identify the slime production and evaluate the effects of <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> (rosemary) and <em>Syzygium cumini</em> (jambolan) glycolic extracts, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) in biofilms formed by strains of coagulase-positive <em>Staphylococcus</em> - CPS and coagulase negative <em>Staphylococcus</em> - CNS isolated from the oral cavity. <strong>Material</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: Slime production was evaluated by two methods: the color of colony presented in Congo red agar, and through the amount of slime adhered to polystyrene. Biofilms were grown in acrylic resin discs immersed in broth, inoculated with microbial suspension (10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml) and incubated at 37°C/48 h. After formation, the biofilms were exposed for 5 minutes to glycol extracts, CHX or saline solution. The viability of biofilms was determined by counting the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) in agar, and analyzed statistically by Tukey test (p &lt;0.05). <strong>Results</strong>: The strains <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. schleiferi</em> and <em>S. epidermidis</em> obtained the highest values of slime adhered to polystyrene. <em>R. officinalis</em> promoted reductions ranging from 12.1% to 78.7% in biofilms formed by isolates of CPS, and 9.2% to 73.7% in the biofilms of CNS. <em>S. cumini</em> reduced 12% to 55.7% in biofilms of CPS, and 7.9% to 71.5% in biofilms of CNS. With exception of <em>S. saprophyticus</em>, glycol extracts produced significant reductions in biofilms. For five isolates studied, <em>R. officinalis</em> produced greater reductions than CHX. <strong>Conclusion</strong>:<em> R. officinalis</em> and <em>S. cumini</em> showed effective antibiofilm activity against isolates that showed slime production.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Biofilm; <em>Rosmarinus officinalis; </em>Slime; <em>Staphylococcus;</em> <em>Syzygium cumini</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Dissolution capacity of orange and eucalyptus oils versus endodontic types of cement (in vitro study)

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sebastián M. Ulloa-Alvarez ◽  
María E. Guerrero-Coello ◽  
José E. Torracchi-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Cement Sample ◽  
Orange Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Endodontic retreatment seeks reentry to the root canal system to remove all filling material, identification and correction of pathological or iatrogenic defects. Objective: This study aimed to compare the dissolving capacity of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and distilled water versus three types of endodontic cements. Materials and methods: Two hundred and four stainless steel molds were fabricated, where each cement sample was placed to the edge and left to set in the incubator, simulating normal oral conditions for 7 days. Subsequently, the solubility of each cement was analysed by immersing the samples in eucalyptus and orange oil for ten minutes in a static and ultrasonic environment. The solubility of the cement was evidenced by the difference between the weight before and after contact with the oils, data were statistically analysed with the ANOVA test and the post hoc Tukey bootstrap means test with 1,000 repetitions. Results: The control group and eucalyptus oil having no significant effect (p>0.05), the ultrasonic environment was found to be effective (p<0.05), whereas orange oil had better dissolution effects (p=0.004). Conclusions: The most susceptible cement was Sealapex, while the least soluble was MTA-Fillapex in all the solvents studied.

Lipocortin-1 distribution in bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy human lung: effect of prednisolone

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Smith ◽  
T. D. Tetley ◽  
A. K. Datta ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
A. Guz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Cell Surface

Lipocortin-1 (LC-1; annexin-1) may mediate some anti-inflammatory actions of the glucocorticoids, probably after binding to specific cell surface binding sites. We have quantified LC-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cells collected from seven healthy volunteers before and after 7 days of treatment with an oral glucocorticoid, prednisolone (30 mg/day). Extracellular BAL LC-1 was higher and cellular LC-1 was lower after prednisolone than before [extracellular: before, median 98 ng/mg albumin (range 48–350 ng/mg albumin); after, 236 ng/mg albumin (19–414 ng/mg albumin); P < 0.05. Cellular: before, 23.3 ng/10(6) cells (14.6–26.9 ng/10(6) cells); after, 18.0 ng/10(6) cells (122–268 ng/10(6) cells); P < 0.05]. The distribution of LC-1 within BAL cells ex vivo (cell surface = 25%, cytosol = 50%, membrane = 25%) was unaffected by prednisolone treatment. However, in adherent cells that had been cultured for 4 h, 70–80% of the LC-1 was on the cell surface. In summary, prednisolone appears to promote cellular release of LC-1. The difference in distribution of cellular LC-1 in BAL cells ex vivo and in vitro may reflect adherence and/or activation.

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