Study on the Dynamic Variation Law of Highway Slope's Soil Moisture

2014 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1089-1093
Author(s):  
Jia Tian ◽  
Bing Cao ◽  
Li Hua Song ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Rapid Variation ◽  
Dynamic Variation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Moisture Conditions

[Objective] Soil moisture is the key factor of highway greening. To maintain the steady and sustainable development of highway greening, the problem of soil moisture should be primarily solved. [Method] In this paper, the dynamic variation law of highway slope’s soil moisture was studied by the continuous observation of the soil moisture (0~40cm) and rainfall in all points (sunny slope, shade slope, ground, and the central partition belt) of China’s Langfang—Zhuozhou Highway from April to November 2009. [Result] From April to May, the soil moisture content declined continuously. From May to August, the soil moisture content increased rapidly and also was kept at a higher level. From August to October, the soil moisture content declined gradually. From October to November, the soil moisture content increased steadily. The soil moisture in the surface (0~10cm) and the lower layer (10cm~20cm) fluctuated greatly, and the variation coefficient was 28.39% and 24.85% respectively; the change of the soil moisture content in the deep layer (20cm~40 cm) decreased significantly, and the variation coefficient was 19.41%. [Conclusion] The seasonal dynamic variation law of highway slope’s soil moisture is significant, and also keeps consistent with the dynamic rainfall, plant transpiration, and soil evaporation laws. The soil moisture conditions from May to August are the best. The spatial variation of the soil moisture can be divided into two layers: the rapid-variation layer (0~20 cm) and the active layer (20cm~40 cm). In each observation point, the soil moisture conditions are the best in the central partition belt, secondary in the sunny and shade slopes, and the worst in ground.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions in drained eutrophic peat agro-ecosystems: drainage ditches as emission hotspots

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1237-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Schrier-Uijl ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
P. A. Leffelaar ◽  
J. C. van Huissteden ◽  
F. Berendse
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Our research investigates the spatial and temporal variability of methane (CH4) emissions in two drained eutrophic peat areas (one intensively managed and the other less intensively managed) and the correlation between CH4 emissions and soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture content and water table. We stratified the landscape into landscape elements that represent different conditions in terms of topography and therefore differ in moisture conditions. There was great spatial variability in the fluxes in both areas; the ditches and ditch edges (together 27% of the landscape) were methane hotspots whereas the dry fields had the smallest fluxes. In the intensively managed site the fluxes were significantly higher by comparison with the less intensively managed site. In all the landscape element elements the best explanatory variable for CH4 emission was temperature. Neither soil moisture content nor water table correlated significantly with CH4 emissions, except in April, where soil moisture was the best explanatory variable.

scholarly journals Effects of soil‐moisture content on shallow‐seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Jefferson ◽  
Don W. Steeples ◽  
Ross A. Black ◽  
Tim Carr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Repeated shallow‐seismic experiments were conducted at a site on days with different near‐surface moisture conditions in unconsolidated material. Experimental field parameters remained constant to ensure comparability of results. Variations in the seismic data are attributed to the changes in soil‐moisture content of the unconsolidated material. Higher amplitudes of reflections and refractions were obtained under wetter near‐surface conditions. An increase in amplitude of 21 dB in the 100–300 Hz frequency range was observed when the moisture content increased from 18% to 36% in the upper 0.15 m (0.5 ft) of the subsurface. In the time‐domain records, highly saturated soil conditions caused large‐amplitude ringy wavelets that interfered with and degraded the appearance of some of the reflection information in the raw field data. This may indicate that an intermediate near‐surface moisture content is most conducive to the recording of high‐quality shallow‐seismic reflection data at this site. This study illustrates the drastic changes that can occur in shallow‐seismic data due to variations in near‐surface moisture conditions. These conditions may need to be considered to optimize the acquisition timing and parameters prior to collection of data.

Diffusion of Iodine and Technetium-99 Through Waste Encasement Concrete and Unsaturated Soil Fill Material

2004 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shas V. Mattigod ◽  
Greg A. Whyatt ◽  
J. R. Serne ◽  
Marcus I. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

AbstractAn assessment of long-term performance of low level waste-enclosing cement grouts requires diffusivity data for radionuclide species such as, 129I and 99Tc. The diffusivity of radionuclides in soil and concrete media was collected by conducting soil-soil and concrete-soil half-cell experiments. The soil diffusivity coefficients for iodide were 7.03 × 10−8 cm2/s and 2.42 × 10−7cm2/s for soils at 4% and 7% moisture contents, respectively. Iodide diffusivity in soil is a function of moisture content and is about an order of magnitude slower at lower moisture content. The soil diffusivity coefficients for 99Tc were 5.89±0.80 × 10−8 cm2/s (4% moisture content) and 2.04±0.57 × 10−7 cm2/s (7% moisture content), respectively. The soil diffusivity of iodide and 99Tc were similar in magnitude at both water contents, indicating that these ions have similar diffusion mechanisms in unsaturated coarse-textured Hanford soil. The diffusivity of iodide in concrete ranged from 2.07 × 10−14 cm2/s (4% soil moisture content) to 1.31 × 10−12 cm2/s (7% soil moisture content), indicating that under unsaturated soil moisture conditions, iodide diffusivity is highly sensitive to changing soil moisture conditions. Depending on the soil moisture content, the diffusivity of 99Tc in concrete ranged from 4.54 × 10−13 cm2/s to 8.02 × 10−12 cm2/s. At 4% soil moisture content, iodide diffused about 20 times more slowly than 99Tc, and at 7% soil moisture content, iodide in concrete diffused about 6 times slower than 99Tc.

Responses of Lucerne to Different Soil Moisture Regimes

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Landsberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Daily Evaporation ◽  
Moisture Conditions

SummaryAn experiment in which irrigation intervals for lucerne were dictated by four factors applied to daily evaporation from a Class A pan has been reported by Landsberg (1966). This paper discusses data from a number of subsidiary measurements made during that experiment. An extensive soil sampling programme yielded data on the effects of treatments on soil moisture content, and plant height and per cent ground cover measurements enabled detailed evaluations to be made of crop responses. Both height and ground cover were decreased by soil moisture stress. Relative turgidity was closely related to soil moisture content in the early morning, dry treatments showing more rapid recovery of turgor than those where water was kept at more adequate levels. Radiation utilization by the crop was affected by soil moisture conditions, and also apparently by temperature.

scholarly journals Cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava: The comparable influences of varieties, soil moisture content and nutrient supply

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matema L.E. Imakumbili ◽  
Ernest Semu ◽  
Johnson M.R. Semoka ◽  
Adebayo Abass ◽  
Geoffrey Mkamilo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Cyanogenic Glucoside ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Cassava Varieties

AbstractVarieties and soil moisture content are the two agronomic factors mostly pointed out as influencers of cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava. The role of soil nutrient supply is however often overlooked or minimised, despite its known influence on cyanogenic glucoside production. A pot experiment was hence carried out to determine whether soil nutrient supply had an equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production in cassava, as varieties and soil moisture content. The cassava varieties, Kiroba (a sweet cassava variety) and Salanga (a bitter cassava variety), were used in the experiment, together with three soil moisture treatments that respectively induced severe moisture stress, moderate moisture stress and no moisture stress (optimal soil moisture conditions where plants were kept well-watered). The soil nutrient treatments used depicted conditions of low (no fertiliser), moderate (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) and high (25 N mg, 5 P mg, 25 K mg /kg) nutrient supply. A sole K treatment was also included (25 K mg/kg). Total hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels in cassava leaves were used to indicate the effects of the three factors on cyanogenic glucoside production. The results of the study showed that nutrient supply had a significantly (p < 0.001) equal influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, as varieties (p < 0.001) and soil moisture content (p < 0.001). Cyanogenic glucoside production was however found to be differently influenced by soil moisture content (M) and nutrient supply (N) in both Salanga (M×N, p = 0.002) and Kiroba (M×N, p < 0.001). Leaf HCN levels of unfertilised Salanga and Kiroba were respectively increased by 1.8 times and 2.7 times their levels under optimal soil moisture conditions. Thus, under severe moisture stress, low soil fertility was found to have an increasing effect on leaf HCN levels in both varieties. A high supply of N, P and K, however also had an increasing effect on leaf HCN in both varieties regardless of soil moisture conditions. Leaf HCN levels in Salanga ranged from 95.5 mg/kg to 334.5 mg/kg and in Kiroba they ranged from 39.3 mg/kg to 161.5 mg/kg, on a fresh weight basis. The study managed to demonstrate that soil fertility had an equally important influence on cyanogenic glucoside production, just like varieties and soil moisture content. The study also showed that the effects of nutrient supply on cyanogenic glucoside production in various cassava varieties is dependent on changes in soil moisture content and vice versa.

Analysis on Soil Moisture Content in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-chun LI ◽  
Xiu-zhi ZHANG ◽  
Li-hua WANG ◽  
Xin-yan LV ◽  
Yuan GAO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River

Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslanidou ◽  
P. Smiris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
North East ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

This  study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the  potential growth and    adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These  species are: Quercus    dalechampii Ten, Quercus  conferta Kit, Quercus  pubescens Willd, Castanea  sativa Mill, Fagus    moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands  with Fagus moesiaca.    Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content  of each sample    was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its  contribution to the growth    of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water  is influenced by the soil    depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant  restriction was observed. ii) the    large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse  effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out    at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the  soil moisture content is    greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew  stands, is 10-15 % in    the Q. pubescens  stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii    stands.

scholarly journals Mapping barrier island soil moisture using a radiative transfer model of hyperspectral imagery from an unmanned aerial system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehman S. Eon ◽  
Charles M. Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imagery ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model

AbstractThe advent of remote sensing from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has opened the door to more affordable and effective methods of imaging and mapping of surface geophysical properties with many important applications in areas such as coastal zone management, ecology, agriculture, and defense. We describe a study to validate and improve soil moisture content retrieval and mapping from hyperspectral imagery collected by a UAS system. Our approach uses a recently developed model known as the multilayer radiative transfer model of soil reflectance (MARMIT). MARMIT partitions contributions due to water and the sediment surface into equivalent but separate layers and describes these layers using an equivalent slab model formalism. The model water layer thickness along with the fraction of wet surface become parameters that must be optimized in a calibration step, with extinction due to water absorption being applied in the model based on equivalent water layer thickness, while transmission and reflection coefficients follow the Fresnel formalism. In this work, we evaluate the model in both field settings, using UAS hyperspectral imagery, and laboratory settings, using hyperspectral spectra obtained with a goniometer. Sediment samples obtained from four different field sites representing disparate environmental settings comprised the laboratory analysis while field validation used hyperspectral UAS imagery and coordinated ground truth obtained on a barrier island shore during field campaigns in 2018 and 2019. Analysis of the most significant wavelengths for retrieval indicate a number of different wavelengths in the short-wave infra-red (SWIR) that provide accurate fits to measured soil moisture content in the laboratory with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE)< 0.145, while independent evaluation from sequestered test data from the hyperspectral UAS imagery obtained during the field campaign obtained an average NRMSE = 0.169 and median NRMSE = 0.152 in a bootstrap analysis.

scholarly journals Estimating Agricultural Soil Moisture Content through UAV-Based Hyperspectral Images in the Arid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Ge ◽  
Jianli Ding ◽  
Xiuliang Jin ◽  
Jingzhe Wang ◽  
Xiangyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Strategy I

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral remote sensing is an important monitoring technology for the soil moisture content (SMC) of agroecological systems in arid regions. This technology develops precision farming and agricultural informatization. However, hyperspectral data are generally used in data mining. In this study, UAV-based hyperspectral imaging data with a resolution o 4 cm and totaling 70 soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected from farmland (2.5 × 104 m2) near Fukang City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Four estimation strategies were tested: the original image (strategy I), first- and second-order derivative methods (strategy II), the fractional-order derivative (FOD) technique (strategy III), and the optimal fractional order combined with the optimal multiband indices (strategy IV). These strategies were based on the eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) algorithm, with the aim of building the best estimation model for agricultural SMC in arid regions. The results demonstrated that FOD technology could effectively mine information (with an absolute maximum correlation coefficient of 0.768). By comparison, strategy IV yielded the best estimates out of the methods tested (R2val = 0.921, RMSEP = 1.943, and RPD = 2.736) for the SMC. The model derived from the order of 0.4 within strategy IV worked relatively well among the different derivative methods (strategy I, II, and III). In conclusion, the combination of FOD technology and the optimal multiband indices generated a highly accurate model within the XGBoost algorithm for SMC estimation. This research provided a promising data mining approach for UAV-based hyperspectral imaging data.

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