Effect of Mixing Methods on the Precipitation of Basic Copper Acetate

Basic copper acetate can be obtained by mixing copper acetate with sodium hydroxide solutions. However, the quality of the resulting crystals is usually poor. An unknown peak appears in its X-ray diffraction pattern, and moreover, the intensity of the peak varies from sample to sample. In this study, effect of mixing methods on the quality of the basic copper acetate crystals was studied. The crystals were synthesized by employing three different mixing methods, which were batch, semi-batch system, and micromixer. The intensity of the unknown peak weakened when the semi-batch system was employed. The results implied that the mixing rate gave strong influence on the quality of the resulting basic copper acetate crystals.

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Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052547 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 506-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. M. Galbraith ◽

L. E. Murr ◽

A. L. Stevens

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Wave Propagation ◽

Structural Change ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Diffraction Pattern ◽

Shock Loading ◽

Slip Systems ◽

Compression Tests ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

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Cytomembrane Preservation in Tissue Dehydrated Only With Glutaraldehyde and Epon 812 Resin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072046 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 320-321

Author(s):

Daniel C. Pease

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Pattern ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Concentration ◽

Unpublished Study ◽

X Ray ◽

Sectioned Material

A previous study demonstrated that tissue could be successfully infiltrated with 50% glutaraldehyde, and then subsequently polymerized with urea to create an embedment which retained cytomembrane lipids in sectioned material. As a result, the 180-190 Å periodicity characteristic of fresh, mammalian myelin was preserved in sections, as was a brilliant birefringence, and the capacity to bind OsO4 vapor in the hydrophobic bilayers. An associated (unpublished) study, carried out in co-operation with Drs. C.K. Akers and D.F. Parsons, demonstrated that the high concentration of glutaraldehyde (and urea) did not significantly alter the X-ray diffraction pattern of aldehyde-fixed, myelin. Thus, by itself, 50% glutaraldehyde has little effect upon cytomembrane systems and can be used with confidence for the first stages of dehydration.

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Pearl Testing Through only One X-Ray Diffraction Pattern

The Journal of Gemmology ◽

10.15506/jog.1962.8.7.251 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 251-252

Author(s):

Jorge Angus

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Pattern ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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Efficient methods of X-ray diffraction pattern inversion

Results in Physics ◽

10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 102605

Author(s):

Ian Gregory Shuttleworth

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Pattern ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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X-ray diffraction analysis of matter taking into account the second harmonic in the scattering of powerful ultrashort pulses of an electromagnetic field

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83183-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. K. Eseev ◽

A. A. Goshev ◽

K. A. Makarova ◽

D. N. Makarov

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Diffraction Pattern ◽

Second Harmonic ◽

Ultrashort Pulses ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scattering Spectra ◽

Technical Possibility ◽

2D And 3D

AbstractIt is well known that the scattering of ultrashort pulses (USPs) of an electromagnetic field in the X-ray frequency range can be used in diffraction analysis. When such USPs are scattered by various polyatomic objects, a diffraction pattern appears from which the structure of the object can be determined. Today, there is a technical possibility of creating powerful USP sources and the analysis of the scattering spectra of such pulses is a high-precision instrument for studying the structure of matter. As a rule, such scattering occurs at a frequency close to the carrier frequency of the incident USP. In this work, it is shown that for high-power USPs, where the magnetic component of USPs cannot be neglected, scattering at the second harmonic appears. The scattering of USPs by the second harmonic has a characteristic diffraction pattern which can be used to judge the structure of the scattering object; combining the scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics therefore greatly enhances the diffraction analysis of matter. Scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics are shown for various polyatomic objects: examples considered are 2D and 3D materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and hybrid structures consisting of nanotubes. The theory developed in this work can be applied to various multivolume objects and is quite simple for X-ray structural analysis, because it is based on analytical expressions.

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X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/1747519820984729 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174751982098472

Author(s):

Lalmi Khier ◽

Lakel Abdelghani ◽

Belahssen Okba ◽

Djamel Maouche ◽

Lakel Said

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Integral Breadth ◽

X Ray ◽

Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

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The crystal structures and mechanical properties of the uranyl carbonate minerals roubaultite, fontanite, sharpite, widenmannite, grimselite and čejkaite

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d0qi00933d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (21) ◽

pp. 4197-4221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Colmenero ◽

Jakub Plášil ◽

Jiří Sejkora

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hydrogen Bonding ◽

Diffraction Pattern ◽

Crystal Structures ◽

First Principles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Carbonate Minerals ◽

X Ray ◽

Uranyl Carbonate

The structure, hydrogen bonding, X-ray diffraction pattern and mechanical properties of six important uranyl carbonate minerals, roubaultite, fontanite, sharpite, widenmannite, grimselite and čejkaite, are determined using first principles methods.

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Modeling the X-ray diffraction pattern of opal-CT

American Mineralogist ◽

10.2138/am-1995-7-823 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 80 (7-8) ◽

pp. 869-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

George D. Guthrie ◽

David L. Bish ◽

Robert C. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Diffraction Pattern ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.39.97 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

F. Mostefa ◽

Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽

H.A. Mesbah ◽

Salima Aggoun ◽

D. Mekhatria

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Calcination Time ◽

Calorimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After ◽

Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

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