Study of Pilot Injection for the Improvement of Combustion and Emissions Characteristics in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

A 6-cylinder, turbocharged, common rail heavy-duty diesel engine was used in this study. The effect of pilot injection strategies on diesel fuel combustion process, heat release rate, emission and economy of diesel engine is studied. The pilot injection strategies include pilot injection timing and pilot injection mass to achieve the homogeneous compression ignition and lower temperature combustion of diesel engine. The two-color method was applied to take the flame images in the engine cylinder and obtain soot concentration distribution. The results demonstrate that with the advance of pilot injection timing, the peak in-cylinder pressure becomes lower, the ignition delay of the main combustion is shortened, the NOXand soot emissions are reduced, but the HC and CO emissions are increased. With the increase of pilot injection fuel mass, the heat release rate of the pilot injection combustion and the maximum rate of pressure rise increase, NOXand HC emissions are higher, and PM and CO emissions are reduced. The pilot combustion flame is non-luminous.

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A Study on Adaptability of the Engine Control Module of an Existing Heavy Duty Diesel Engine to Optimize the Engine Performance With F-T Diesel Fuel

ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40076 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Praveen Kandulapati ◽

Chuen-Sen Lin ◽

Dennis Witmer ◽

Thomas Johnson ◽

Jack Schmid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Load Condition ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Synthetic Fuels ◽

Control Module ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

Synthetic fuels produced from non-petroleum based feedstocks can effectively replace the depleting petroleum based conventional fuels while significantly reducing the emissions. The zero sulfur content and the near zero percentage of aromatics in the synthetic fuels make them promising clean fuels to meet the upcoming emissions regulations. However due to their significantly different properties when compared to the conventional fuels; the existing engines must be tested extensively to study their performance with the new fuels. This paper reports a detailed in-cylinder pressure measurement based study made on adaptability of the engine control module (ECM) of a modern heavy duty diesel engine to optimize the engine performance with the F-T diesel fuel. During this study, the F-T and Conventional diesel fuels were tested at different loads and various injection timing changes made with respect to the manufacturer setting. Results from these tests showed that the ECM used significantly different injection timings for the two fuels in the process of optimizing the engine performance. For the same power output the ECM used a 2° advance in the injection timing with respect to the manufacturer setting at the full load and 1° retard at the no load condition. While the injection timings used by the ECM were same for both the fuels at the 50% load condition. However, a necessity for further changes in the control strategies used by the ECM were observed to get the expected advantages with the F-T fuels.

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Use of an Innovative Predictive Heat Release Model Combined to a 1D Fluid-Dynamic Model for the Simulation of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

SAE International Journal of Engines ◽

10.4271/2013-24-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1566-1579 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mirko Baratta ◽

Roberto Finesso ◽

Hamed Kheshtinejad ◽

Daniela Misul ◽

Ezio Spessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Heat Release ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Release Model

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The Influence of Fuel Properties and Injection Timing on the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption of an Iveco Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

10.4271/971635 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Richard Stradling ◽

Paul Gadd ◽

Meinrad Signer ◽

Claudio Operti

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

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Development of electro-hydraulic injection timing actuator design for heavy duty diesel engine

2009 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation ◽

10.1109/icma.2009.5246166 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Qinghui Xiong ◽

Youtong Zhang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Yongfeng Liu

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Actuator Design

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Determination of the Start and End of Combustion in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using the Apparent Heat Release Rate

Volume 1: Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generator; Combustion Turbines; Energy Water Sustainability; Fuels, Combustion and Material Handling; Heat Exchangers, Condensers, Cooling Systems, and Balance-of-Plant ◽

10.1115/power-icope2017-3446 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph Gerard T. Reyes ◽

Edwin N. Quiros

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Heat Release ◽

Heat Release Rate ◽

Release Rate ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽

Crank Angle ◽

Start Of Combustion

The combustion duration in an internal combustion engine is the period bounded by the engine crank angles known as the start of combustion (SOC) and end of combustion (EOC), respectively. This period is essential in analysis of combustion for the such as the production of exhaust emissions. For compression-ignition engines, such as diesel engines, several approaches were developed in order to approximate the crank angle for the start of combustion. These approaches utilized the curves of measured in-cylinder pressures and determining by inspection the crank angle where the slope is steep following a minimum value, indicating that combustion has begun. These pressure data may also be utilized together with the corresponding cylinder volumes to generate the apparent heat release rate (AHRR), which shows the trend of heat transfer of the gases enclosed in the engine cylinder. The start of combustion is then determined at the point where the value of the AHRR is minimum and followed by a rapid increase in value, whereas the EOC is at the crank angle where the AHRR attains a flat slope prior to the exhaust stroke of the engine. To verify the location of the SOC, injection line pressures and fuel injection timing are also used. This method was applied in an engine test bench using a four-cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine with a pressure transducer installed in the first cylinder. Injector line pressures and fuel injector voltage signals per engine cycle were also recorded and plotted. By analyzing the trends of this curves in line with the generated AHRR curves, the SOC may be readily determined.

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The Effect of Different Injection Strategies and Intake Conditions on the Emissions Characteristics in a Diesel Engine

International Journal of Vehicular Technology ◽

10.1155/2009/105363 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Gorji-Bandpy ◽

S. Soleimani ◽

D. D. Ganji

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Spray Cone ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Pollutant Reduction ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Injection Strategies

Choosing various injection strategies and intake conditions are potentially effective techniques to reduce exhaust emission from diesel engines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different spray incoming angles, different spray cone angles, different injection timing, and different intake temperatures together with emission characteristics on a heavy duty diesel engine via three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedures. Furthermore the effect of multiple injector combustion chamber and its benefits in pollutant reduction is studied. The principal results show the significant differences in soot and generation during combustion between above different strategies.

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Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of Combustion Chamber and Fuel Distribution for the Low Emission DI Diesel Engine

Volume 2: In-Cylinder Processes: Fuel Spray, Flow, Ignition, Combustion, and Emission Formation ◽

10.1115/ices2001-127 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshiyuki Kidoguchi ◽

Michiko Sanda ◽

Kei Miwa

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Heat Release ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Heat Release Rate ◽

Release Rate ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Mixture Distribution ◽

Initial Mixture ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Initial Heat

Abstract This study investigated the effect of combustion chamber geometry and initial mixture distribution on combustion process in a direct-injection diesel engine by means of experiment and CFD calculation. The high squish combustion chamber with squish lip could produce simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulate emissions with retarded injection timing in the real engine experiment. According to the CFD computation, the high squish combustion chamber with central pip is effective to continue combustion under the squish lip until the end of combustion and the combustion region forms rich and high turbulence atmosphere, which reduces NOx emissions. This chamber can also reduce initial burning because combustion continues under the squish lip. The CFD computation is also carried out in order to investigate the effect of initial mixture distribution on combustion process. The results suggest that mixture distribution affects the history of heat release rate. When fuel is distributed in the bottom or wide region in the combustion chamber, burned gas tends to spread to the cavity center and initial heat release rate becomes high. On the contrary, the high squish combustion chamber with central pip produces lower initial heat release rate because combustion with local rich condition continues long under the squish lip. Diffusion burning is promoted by high swirl motion in this chamber with keeping lower initial heat release rate.

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