Pyrolysis of Imperata cylindrica with Varies Parameters and its Characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1007-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Omar
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Experiment ◽  
Temperature Heating

This study was undertaken to characterize pyrolysis of novel biobased invasive weed from ImperataCylindrica. The effects of various temperatures on the pyrolysis stages were characterised. Different operational parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate temperature are studied. Pyrolysis experiment of groud ImperataCylindrica was performed at temperature 350°C, 550°C and 750°C, and particle size of 0-125μm and heating rate of 5°C/min and 15°C/min. The synthesis carbonaceous was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and different physical properties such as carbon yield, Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen (CHN analysis), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was determined. It is observable that pyrolysis at the 15°C / min with 750°C shows that higher temperature produced a higher carbon yield and higher carbon content.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hydrogen Yield Evolution in Gaseous Fraction and Biochar Structure Resulting from Walnut Shells Pyrolysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6359
Author(s):  
Elena David
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Gaseous Fraction

Conversion experiments of wet and dry walnut shells were performed, the influence of moisture content on the hydrogen yield in the gas fraction was estimated and the resulted biochar structure was presented. Measurements of the biochar structures were performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results demonstrate that heating rate played a key role in the pyrolysis process and influenced the biochar structure. Under fast heating rate, the interactions between the water vapors released and other intermediate products, such as biochar was enhanced and consequently more hydrogen was generated. It could also be observed that both biochar samples, obtained from wet and dry walnut shells, had an approximately smooth surface and are different from the rough surface of the raw walnut shell, but there are not obvious differences in shape and pores structure between the two biochar samples. The increasing of the biochar surface area versus pyrolysis temperature is due tothe formation of micropores in structure. The biochar shows a surface morphology in the form of particles with rough, compact and porous structure. In addition the biochar structure confirmed that directly pyrolysis of wet walnut shells without predried treatment has enhanced the hydrogen content in the gas fraction.

Effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and residence time on rapeseed stem derived biochar

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
David O'Connor ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Tianyue Peng ◽  
Zhengtao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Temperature Heating

scholarly journals Biochar from Microwave Pyrolysis of Artemisia Slengensis: Characterization and Methylene Blue Adsorption Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Li ◽  
Kunquan Li ◽  
Chunlei Geng ◽  
Hamed El Mashad ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Metal Carbonate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Temperature Heating

In this research, artemisia selengensis was used to produce biochar via microwave pyrolysis. The influence of pyrolysis temperature, heating rates, temperature holding time and additive on the biochar yield and adsorbability were all investigated. The results suggest that the biochar yield decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature while the adsorbability of the biochar increased with an increase of the pyrolysis temperature; the biochar yield and its adsorbability could achieve the desired value when the heating rate and temperature holding time were in a specific scope; the biochar yield decreased when an additive was added; the adsorbability of the biochar could be increased by adding ZnCl2 (metal chloride) and Na2CO3 (metal carbonate). According to the orthogonal experiments, the optimal conditions for biochar production were: pyrolysis temperature 550 °C, heating rate 2 °C/s, temperature holding time 15 min, without additive.

scholarly journals Study on reaction mechanisms of iron matrix compositesreinforced with in situ Al2O3 particles reacted byAl-Fe2O3-Fe system

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Chengyan Zhu ◽  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Heguo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature

Iron matrix composites reinforced with Al2O3 particles were fabricated in situ through exothermic dispersive (XD) reaction from a powder mix of pure elements Fe, Al and Fe2O3. The fabrication and reaction mechanisms were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The reaction between Al and Fe2O3 was found to occur in three steps. Their activation energies are 203.8 kJ/mol, 1100.9 kJ/mol and 380 kJ/mol, respectively. DSC analysis shows that the reaction peak shifts to a higher temperature with an increase in the heating rate. When the heating rate is 10 K/min, the rates of the three reactions exhibit a similar trend, i.e., the reaction rate is very slow at the start, and then it increases rapidly, finally it becomes slow again. Their reaction times are 456, 672 and 650 s, respectively.

Combustion reactivity and morphological change in coal chars: Effect of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and pressure

Fuel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Cai ◽  
A.J. Güell ◽  
I.N. Chatzakis ◽  
J.-Y. Lim ◽  
D.R. Dugwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Combustion Reactivity ◽  
Temperature Heating

Characteristics of Carbonized Bamboo at Various Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
S.T. Sam
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effect of carbonization temperature and heating rate on the characteristics of carbonized bamboo were investigated. Bamboo was carbonized at different temperature (250, 450 and 650°C) and heating rate (5 and 15°C/min). The results obtained shows that the char yield decreased with increasing temperature as well as heating rate. The carbon content is higher at higher temperature and heating rate. It also was observed from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis that potassium and silica were the most predominant elements in carbonized bamboo. From Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, it can be seen that most of the functional groups were diminished as the raw bamboo was carbonized and the intensity decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. Carbonization at 650°C with heating rate of 15°C/min was the best parameter for producing carbonized bamboo which content higher carbon.

Application of In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Study Dilute Chromium Ions in a Molten Chloride Salt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisue Moon ◽  
Carter Abney ◽  
Dmitriy Dolzhnikov ◽  
James M. Kurley ◽  
Kevin A. Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The local structure of dilute CrCl<sub>3</sub> in a molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>:KCl salt was investigated by <i>in situ</i> x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at temperatures from room temperature to 800<sup>o</sup>C. This constitutes the first experiment where dilute Cr speciation is explored in a molten chloride salt, ostensibly due to the compounding challenges arising from a low Cr concentration in a matrix of heavy absorbers at extreme temperatures. CrCl<sub>3</sub> was confirmed to be the stable species between 200 and 500<sup>o</sup>C, while mobility of metal ions at higher temperature (>700<sup>o</sup>C) prevented confirmation of the local structure.

scholarly journals X-ray, DTA and Raman studies of monoclinic tridymite and its higher temperature orthorhombic modification with varying temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayuki HIROSE ◽  
Kuniaki KIHARA ◽  
Masayuki OKUNO ◽  
Syuhei FUJINAMI ◽  
Keiji SHINODA
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Orthorhombic Modification ◽  
Higher Temperature
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