Optimization of Linoleic Acid Monoepoxidation Condition from Malaysian Jatropha curcas Using Central Composite Design (CCD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Rozaini Abdullah ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Anis Atikah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Central Composite

The aim of this study was to optimize the monoepoxidation process of linoleic acid obtained from Malaysian Jatropha curcas oil using central composite design (CCD). There were four independent variable factors had been studied which involved reaction temperature (X1), reaction time (X2), catalyst loading (X3) and H2O2 concentration (X4). Thirty experiments were carried out based on the experimental design responses obtained. The results showed that the optimum condition was obtained at catalyst loading of 0.11% (w/w) methyltrioxorhernium (VII) (MTO), H2O2 mole of 99%, reaction temperature of 58.41oC for 5 hours. The central composite design was proven to be simpler method, time saving and required less samples compared to the conventional method.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FRYING OIL OVER ALUMINA SUPPORTED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Lekan T. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Percentage Contribution

An optimization of the biodiesel production from a waste frying oil via a heterogeneous transesterification was studied. This present study is also aimed at investigating the catalytic ehaviour of the alumina supported eggshell (ASE) for the synthesis of biodiesel. A synthesized ASE catalyst, at various mixing ratios of alumina to eggshell, was investigated and exhibited a better activity for the reaction when the eggshell and alumina were mixed via incipient wetness impregnation in 2 : 1 proportion on a mass basis and calcined at 900 °C for 4 h. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by basicity, BET, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The 2k factorial experimental design was employed for an optimization of process variables, which include catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature and their effects on the biodiesel yield were studied. The optimization results showed that the reaction time has the highest percentage contribution of 40.139% while the catalyst loading contributes the least to the biodiesel production, as low as 1.233 %. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9492) and the interaction between the reaction time and reaction temperature contributes significantly to the biodiesel production process with percentage contribution of 14.001 %, compared to other interaction terms. The biodiesel yield of 77.56% was obtained under the optimized factor combination of 4.0 wt.% catalyst loading, 120 min reaction time, 12 : 1 methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature of 65 °C. The reusability study showed that the ASE catalyst could be reused for up to four cycles and the biodiesel produced under optimum conditions conformed to the ASTM standard.

scholarly journals Formation of conjugated double bonds in soybean oil with iodine as a catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Jinlan Yang ◽  
Rifu Yang ◽  
Haifen He ◽  
Qihai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
High Conversion Rate

A method for the iodine-catalyzed conjugation of soybean oil was developed, and the conjugated product was analyzed by UV, IR, and 1H NMR. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for conjugation included a temperature of 180?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.% and a reaction time of 3 h, at which the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid was 1.51 mol L-1, with 92 % conversion, the CLNA reached 0.225 mol L-1 when the temperature was 130?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.%, and a reaction time of 3 h with a conversion rate of 99.9 %. The reaction predominantly produced trans-trans, trans-cis and cis-trans isomers. It was also revealed that the conjugation of linolenic acid was much faster than that of linoleic acid. The method possessed the advantages of a short procedure, a high conversion rate, and no methyl esterification of the raw material, and it was an environmentally friendly technology that does not use solvents.

Optimization of Critical Medium Components for the Expression of Recombinant Human Transferrin in Insect Cells Baculovirus System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence M. Ongkudon ◽  
Badarulhisam Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azila Abd. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Human Transferrin ◽  
Lipid Mixtures ◽  
Central Composite

Transferin manusia (hTf) memainkan peranan yang penting dalam fungsi bakteriostatik dan pengangkutan ferum dari bahagian penyimpanan ke sel–sel yang membiak melalui proses endositosis janaan reseptor. Sistem ekspresi bakulovirus sel serangga telah dipakai secara meluas sebagai sistem alternatif dalam penghasilan Transferin manusia rekombinan (rhTf). Kajian ini ditumpukan ke atas pengoptimuman glutamina, glukosa dan campuran lipid 1000x yang dapat meningkatkan penghasilan rhTf. Reka bentuk eksperimen yang melibatkan 17 eksperimen reka bentuk komposit berpusat (CCD) telah digunakan dan hasil kajian dianalisis oleh Statistika (Statsoft v. 5.0). Metodologi permukaan tindak balas (RSM) telah mengenalpasti nilai optimum parameterparameter yang dikaji iaitu glutamina=2211.20 mg/L, glukosa=1291.95 mg/L, dan campuran lipid 1000x=0.64 %v/v. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan peningkatan hasil rhTf sebanyak tiga kali ganda, iaitu daripada 19.89 μg/ml kepada 65.12 μg/ml. Kata kunci: Transferin manusia; bakulovirus sel serangga; reka bentuk eksperimen; reka bentuk komposit berpusat; metodologi permukaan tindak balas Human Transferrin (hTf) plays a big role in providing bacteriostatic functions as well as to transport iron from the storage part to all proliferating cells by receptor mediated endocytosis. Insect cells baculovirus expression system has been widely used as an alternative expression system for the production of recombinant human Transferrin (rhTf). This work focused mainly on the optimization of glutamine, glucose and lipid mixtures 1000x to increase rhTf yield. An experimental design involving 17 central composite design (CCD) experiments was employed and results were analyzed by Statistica (Statsoft v. 5.0). The response surface methodology (RSM) had identified the optimum values where glutamine=2211.20 mg/L, glucose=1291.95 mg/L, and lipid mixtures 1000x=0.64 %v/v. Using the optimized parameters, the studies demonstrated an increase in the rhTf yield by three–fold from 19.89 μg/ml to 65.12 μg/ml. Key words: Human transferrin; insect cells baculovirus; experimental design; central composite design; response surface methodology

Application of the central composite design for condition optimization for semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment using electrochemical oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Mohajeri ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zahed ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Condition Optimization ◽  
Central Composite

In the present study, Electrochemical Oxidation was used to remove COD and color from semi-aerobic landfill leachate collected from Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS), Penang, Malaysia. Experiments were conducted in a batch laboratory-scale system in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and aluminum electrodes. Central composite design (CCD) under Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the electrochemical oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removals as responses, and the electrolyte concentrations, current density and reaction time as control factors. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed good coefficient of determination (R2) values of >0.98, thus ensuring satisfactory fitting of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. In un-optimized condition, maximum removals for COD (48.77%) and color (58.21%) were achieved at current density 80 mA/cm2, electrolyte concentration 3,000 mg/L and reaction time 240 min. While after optimization at current density 75 mA/cm2, electrolyte concentration 2,000 mg/L and reaction time 218 min a maximum of 49.33 and 59.24% removals were observed for COD and color respectively.

scholarly journals MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION FOR PRODUCTION OF STAINLESS STEEL CORROSION INHIBITORS FORMULATED WITH 1,3-DIPHENYL-3-PHENYLSULFANYL-PROPAN-1-ONE: A CLEAN PROCESS CATALYSED BY FLUORAPATITE

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABROUKI YOUNES ◽  
ANOUZLA ABDELKADER ◽  
LOUKILI HAYAT ◽  
LOTFI RABIAÂ ◽  
RAYADH AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Central Composite

The optimization for process production of stainless steel corrosion inhibitor formulated with 1.3-Diphenyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-propan-1-one was studied using a 2 block central composite design including 3 factors (weight of catalyst, reaction time, and quantity of solvent). This process catalyzed by Fluorapatite coupled with their ease of use and reduced environmental problems makes them attractive alternatives to homogeneous basic reagents.

scholarly journals Central composite design for the optimization of removal of the azo dye, methyl orange, from waste water using fenton reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Azami ◽  
Morteza Bahram ◽  
Sirous Nouri ◽  
Abdolhosein Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Model Response ◽  
Central Composite

In this study the degradation of Methyl Orange, using Fenton reaction was studied and optimized using central composite design as a response surface methodology. The effects of various experimental parameters in this reaction were investigated using central composite design. 28 experiments, with 4 factors and 5 levels for each factor were designed. These factors (or variables) were: initial concentration of Fe (II), initial concentration of H2O2, initial concentration of oxalate and the reaction time. A full-quadratic polynomial equation between the percentage of dye degradation (as a response) and the studied parameters was established. After removing the non-significant variables from the model, response surface method was used to obtain the optimum conditions. The optimum ranges of variables were: 0.25 - 0.35 mM for initial concentration of Fe (II), 5-17 mM for initial concentration of H2O2, 4-9 mM for initial concentration of oxalate, and 50-80 min for the reaction time. Also the results of extra experiments showed that these optimized values can be used for real samples and yield to a high value for the response.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA FAT WITH KOH/y Al2O3 CATALYST USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tan Viet Le ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

In this study, biodiesel was produced from fat of tra catfish by methanolysis reaction with KOH/y-A12O3 heterogenous catalyst. This research was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on four-variable central composite design (CCD) with a = 1,54671. The transesterification process variables and their investigated ranges were methanol/fat molar ratio (X1: 7/1 - 9/1), catalyst concentration (X2: 5%-7%), reaction time (X3: 60 min - 120 min), and reaction temperature (X4: 55 °C - 65 °C). The result show the biodiesel yield could be reach up to 92,8 % using the following optimized reaction condition: molar ratio of methanol/fat at 8,26/1, catalyst concentration of 5,79 %, reaction time of 96 min, and reaction temperature at 59,6 °C.

scholarly journals Enzymatic synthesis of low-trans blends from fractionated mustard oil and palm stearin with linoleic acid by response surface methodology

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
MA Alim ◽  
JH Lee ◽  
CC Akoh ◽  
KT Lee
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mustard Oil

Low-trans blend (LTB) was produced from the fractionated mustard oil (solid phase, S-MO) and palm stearin (PS) through lipase-catalyzed reaction, in which linoleic acid (LA) was intentionally incorporated. For optimizing the reaction condition, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed with three reaction variables such as substrate mole ratio of S-MO to PS (X1), reaction temperature (X2) and reaction time (X3). The predictive models were adequate and reproducible due to no significant lack of fit and the P-value of the model was very small ω6/ω3 ratio, and satisfactory level of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89) for ω6/ω3 ratio. The ω6/ω3 ratio of LTB was affected by substrate mole ratio and reaction temperature but reaction time had no significant effect. For considering the ω6/ω3 ratio, the optimum condition found 1:1.7 substrate mole ratio, 61.42 _ reaction temperature and 25.85 h reaction time. Keywords: Low-trans blend; Mustard oil; Palm stearin; Lipase-catalyzed reaction; Response surface methodology; Solid fat content DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4974 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 125-132, 2009

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