Attenuation Function Relationship for Far Field Earthquake Considered by Strike Slip Mechanism

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 897-901
Author(s):  
Saffuan Wan Ahmad ◽  
Azlan Adnan ◽  
Rozaimi Mohd Noor ◽  
Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽  
Sk Muiz Sk Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Attenuation Relationship ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Slip Mechanism ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Peak Ground Accelerations ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

An attenuation relationship for far field earthquakes considered by strike slip has been developed. The attenuation relationship function was develop using regression analysis. The database consisting of more than 130 peak ground accelerations from seven earthquake sources recorded by Seismology Station in Malaysia have been used to develop the relationship. This study aims to investigate the new relationship attenuation to gain exact peak ground acceleration at the location on site. Based on this study, the location is a structure located at Terengganu seaside.

Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Southeastern United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Rizzo ◽  
N. R. Vaidya ◽  
E. Bazan ◽  
C. F. Heberling
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Ground Acceleration

Comparisons of response spectra from near and far-field records to those estimated by attenuation functions commonly used in evaluating seismic hazards show that these functions provide reasonable results for near-field western North American sites. However, they estimate relatively small motions for far-field eastern North American sites, which is contrary to the empirical evidence of the 1886 Charleston and 1988 Saguenay Earthquakes. Using the 1988 Saguenay records scaled for magnitude, and several western North American records scaled to account for the slower attenuation in the east, we have developed deterministic median and 84th percentile, 5 percent damped response spectra to represent ground motions from a recurrence of the 1886 Charleston Earthquake at a distance between 85 to 120 km. The resulting 84th percentile spectrum has a shape similar to, but is less severe than, the USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.60 5 percent damped spectrum tied to a peak ground acceleration of 0.2g.

Mapping of b-Value Anomalies Along the Strike-Slip Fault System on the Thailand–Myanmar Border: Implications for Upcoming Earthquakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1671001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Pailoplee
Keyword(s):  
B Value ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Suitable Assumption ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

In order to determine the prospective areas of the forthcoming earthquake sources, the [Formula: see text]-values of the frequency-magnitude earthquake distributions were analyzed spatially and mapped along the strike-slip fault system at the Thailand–Myanmar border. In order to constrain the relationship between the variation of [Formula: see text] and the following hazardous earthquake, the completeness of earthquake catalogue was manipulated into two datasets for (i) 1980–2000 and (ii) 1980–2005 and the [Formula: see text]-values mapped. Utilizing the suitable assumption of 30 fixed earthquake events, the following [Formula: see text] earthquakes illustrate a significant relation between their epicenter and the areas showing relatively low [Formula: see text]-values. By utilizing the most recent earthquake data (1980–2015), five areas exhibiting low [Formula: see text]-values (implying prospective earthquake sources) can be identified along the strike-slip fault system. Compared with earthquake activities evaluated previously along the strike-slip fault system, the data reveal that these five areas may potentially generate earthquakes up to 7.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] within the coming 50 years; the recurrence of the [Formula: see text]-5.0 earthquake is about 10 years and the probabilities of the [Formula: see text]-5.0 earthquake are about 40–95%, respectively. Since these prospective hazardous seismic zones are located close to cities, population centers and hydropower dams, an effective mitigation plan should be developed.

The epicentral fingerprint of earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Petricca ◽  
Christian Bignami ◽  
Carlo Doglioni
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Field Area

<p>InSAR images allow to detect the coseismic deformation, delimiting the epicentral area where the larger displacement has been concentrated. The main observations are: 1) the most deformed area in the ideal case is elliptical (for dip-slip faults) or quadrilobated (for strike-slip faults) and coincides with the surface projection of the volume coseismically mobilized in the hanging wall of thrusts and normal faults, or the crustal walls adjacent to strike-slip faults; 2) the dimension of the deformed area detected by InSAR scales with magnitude of earthquake and for M≥6 is always larger than 100 km, increasing to more than 550 km<sup>2</sup> for M≈6.5; 3) the seismic epicenter rarely coincide with the area of larger vertical shaking (either downward or upward); 4) the higher macroseismic intensity corresponds to the area of larger vertical displacement, apart from local site amplification effects; 5) outside this area, the vertical displacement is drastically lower, determining the strong attenuation of seismic waves and the decrease of the peak ground acceleration in the surrounding far field area, apart from local site amplifications; 6) the segment of the activated fault constrains the area where the vertical oscillations have been larger, allowing the contemporaneous maximum freedom degree of the crustal volume affected by horizontal maximum shaking, i.e., the near field or epicentral area; 7) therefore, the epicentral area and volume are active, i.e., they coseismically move and are contemporaneously crossed by seismic waves (active volume), whereas the surrounding far field area is mainly fixed and passively crossed by seismic waves (passive volume). Therefore, here we show how the InSAR images of areas affected by earthquakes represent the fingerprint of the epicentral area where the largest shaking has taken place during an earthquake. Seismic hazard assessments should rely on those data.</p>

Attenuation relationship for estimation of peak ground horizontal acceleration using data from strong-motion arrays in India

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
M. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Attenuation Relationship ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hypocentral Distance ◽  
Horizontal Acceleration ◽  
Attenuation Relationships ◽  
Using Data

Abstract An attenuation relationship for peak horizontal ground accelerations for Himalayan region in India has been developed. The data base consists of 66 peak ground horizontal accelerations from five earthquakes recorded by strong-motion arrays in India. The present analysis uses a two-step stratified regression model. The attenuation relationship proposed is log ( A ) = − 1.072 + 0.3903 M − 1.21 log ( X + e 0.5873 M ) , where A is the peak ground acceleration (g), M is the magnitude, and X is the hypocentral distance from the source. The residual sum of squares is 0.14. Comparison with other such attenuation relationships have been made. The proposed relationship giving lesser values at shorter distances compared to other relationships needs further investigation with a larger data set. The attenuation relationship needs upgradation when more data become available in future.

Bayesian Analysis of Peak Ground Acceleration Attenuation Relationship

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-Qing Mu ◽  
Ka-Veng Yuen ◽  
Jane W. Z. Lu ◽  
Andrew Y. T. Leung ◽  
Vai Pan Iu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Attenuation Relationship ◽  
Ground Acceleration

New Empirical Relationships between Arias Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2168-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Mei Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Shu Ren Wu ◽  
Meng Tan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Focal Mechanism ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Arias Intensity ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Local Site ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Arias intensity (IA) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) have been widely used as measures of the intensity of strong ground motions. This study employs a large set of data consisting of 7034 horizontal and 3474 vertical strong-motion records from 173 worldwide earthquakes (Mw 4.3–7.9) to refine the relationship between IA and PGA and investigates its potential dependence on variables such as earthquake magnitude (Mw), local site condition (VS30), focal mechanism, and fault distance. The dataset from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and the 2013 Mw 6.8 Lushan earthquake is used to demonstrate the usability and necessity of our models. The results reveal that the logarithm of IA increases linearly with the increase of the logarithm of PGA and Mw and the decrease of the logarithm of VS30, and this kind of correlation is not significantly affected by focal mechanism and fault distance. New global empirical relationships for both horizontal and vertical components are developed to estimate IA as a function of PGA, Mw, and VS30. The resulting correlation equations presented in this article represent a significant advancement by incorporating such important features as magnitude and VS30 and enable an improved way of estimating IA from PGA.

scholarly journals The estimated PGA map of the Mw6.4 2006 Yogyakarta Indonesia earthquake, constructed from the Modified Mercalli intensity IMM

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widodo Pawirodikromo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Ground Motion Records

Many moderate and strong earthquakes have occurred in Indonesia. However, since ground motion records are unavailable, a concise earthquake peak ground acceleration (PGA) map has never before been constructed. Several efforts have been made to construct PGA maps after the Mw6.4 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake, i.e. earthquake PGA maps by researchers [1–4]. However, due to their use of completely different earthquake sources, methods of analysis and by using exclusion criteria of ground motion prediction equations (GMPE), the maps differed greatly and did not match the actual structural damage found in the field. Estimation of a 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake PGA map became possible after field surveying of the Imm conducted by Wijaya [5]. The estimated PGA map was constructed based on the isoseimic lines, intensity prediction equation (IPE) by Wijaya [5] and peak ground acceleration at YOGI and BJI station control points, as published by Elnashai et al [6]. A set of most recent GMPEs were chosen, as they closely predicted the PGA at two control points. An Extrapolation Method was developed in which the PGA between YOGI and BJI stations would be extrapolated to all data points in the field to yield the 2006 Yogyakarta seismic PGA map. Result of the investigation indicated that the pattern of the new PGA map does not form a circle with radius R, but occurs longitudinally following the direction of the Opak River fault trace and closely follows the pattern of Imm map and damage to buildings in the field. It was found that the maximum upperbound PGA reached ±0.50-0.51g and it did not occur at the epicenter area but instead took place in relatively deep soil deposit approximately ±2 km west of the Opak River fault.

Seismic Response Characteristics of Deep Soft Site with Depth under Far-Field Ground Motion of Great Earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Ji Yan Zhan ◽  
Guo Xing Chen ◽  
Dan Dan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Acceleration Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
Acceleration Response Spectrum

Considering the dynamic nonlinear characteristics of soil by equivalent linear method, one-dimensional wave models were established to study the seismic effects along depth of deep soft sites under far-field ground motions of great earthquake. The results show that the magnified effect of acceleration response spectrum of each layer present more outstanding under far-field ground motions than under Suzhou artificial waves, with the increasing of bedrock peak ground acceleration, there is probability that the peak of long-period component of acceleration response spectrum appears higher than that of the short-period within 15m depth, which may adversely affect the long-period building structures. However, the reduction coefficient of peak ground acceleration (PGA) along depth according to the three levels of earthquake fortification standard was relatively higher when inputting far-field ground motions of great earthquake. As the curve fitted by Longjun Xu et al. based on records collected California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program geotechnical arrays of the United States and Hosokura Mine arrays of Japan, is not suitable for Suzhou area, suited quantitative formula about reduction coefficient curve of PGA with depth in deep soft site is given. Besides, maximum shear strain at the depth of approximately 15m and 40m present to be greatly changed when inputting far-field ground motions of great earthquake, with the growth of inputting bedrock peak ground acceleration, the layer in the depth of about 15m comes to be the most unfavorable position of shear deformation.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Seismic Hazards Analysis of Ambikapur-Chhattisgarh (India)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Attenuation Relationship ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Probability Of Exceedance ◽  
Maximum Peak

The present study reveals the seismic hazard analysis of district headquarter Ambikapur, in the state of Chhattisgarh. Usually, seismic hazard study attempts to analyze two different kinds of anticipated ground motions, “the Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA)” and “the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA)”. The maximum Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) has been estimated by using Iyengar and Raghu Kanth (2004) attenuation relationship. The regional recurrences relation is obtained by using available historical data and 33 numbers of seismic sources (liner faults) that are likely to cause ground motion, around the study area. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis has been applied over Ambikapur, to assess the probability of exceedance for various PGA(g)values the seismic hazard curve has been developed by using Raghu Kanth and Iyengar (2007) attenuation relationship. Theprobability of exceedance for PGA(g) values as 0.01g,0.05g,0.10g,0.15g for their corresponding return periods have also been assessed. The liner seismic source having length 46kM, produced maximum peak ground motion as 0.15259g for recurrence period of 100 years. For Ambikapur district headquarter the probability of exceedance for 0.1g with a return period of 8788 years is estimated as 63.22%. Maximum Peak Ground Acceleration value and % probability of exceedance reflects that the seismicity of Ambikapur district headquarter is found to have exceeded from 0.1g as recommended by IS:1893 (Part 1): 2016 (Sixth Revision) for Chhattisgarh. Hence, it is recommended from present study that, Ambikapur should be included in zone III instead of zone II.

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