Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Tensile and Impact Strength of Kenaf/Kevlar Hybrid Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Haznida Bakar ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Anizah Kalam ◽  
Z. Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Matrix

This study is about the hybrid composite which used the woven Kevlar, long Kenaf fibre, and unsaturated polyester as the matrix. It focused on the mechanical characterization and properties of hybrid composite. The hybrid composites were fabricated by treated and untreated kenaf fibre and Kevlar as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester matrix using hand lay-up process. Effect of 6wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the hybrid composites were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The tensile and impact performance of the samples were tested according to the standard ASTM D3039 and ASTM D3763, respectively. Based on scanning electron micrograph (SEM) morphological examination, it revealed that the interfacial adhesion between the fibre surface and polymer matrix were improved. The results proved that the alkaline treatment can help to improve the mechanical properties compared to the untreated kenaf fibre.

Mechanical Properties of Matrix Hybrid Thick-Composites

Materials ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Hamada ◽  
Asami Nakai ◽  
Kazuya Eto ◽  
Kenichi Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Thick Composites

For the purpose of more safety boats, the large thickness of outer plates is required to increase flexural stiffness, strength and impact properties. Some problems in mechanical properties are generated by increasing in thickness because the effect of interlaminar shearing of Thick-composites on whole mechanical properties is greater than that of thin-composites. We have investigated the matrix hybrid composite with two kinds of unsaturated polyester, one was hard type resin with low toughness and the other was flexible type resin with low modulus and high toughness. In this study, matrix hybrid composite was focused and applied to Thick-composites. First, the flexural properties were investigated and the micro fracture progress was precisely observed with in-situ observation using replica method. Then, impact properties of the Thick-composites were examined and the availability of matrix hybrid composite was investigated. It was concluded that the matrix hybrid composite achieved high performance in both static and impact load.

scholarly journals Hybrid and Nonhybrid Laminate Composites of Sugar Palm and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene: Effect of Alkali and Sodium Bicarbonate Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Isma’ila Mukhtar ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
Edi Syams Zainudin ◽  
Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

In recent years, the hybrid composites of cellulosic and synthetic fibres are tailored to yield materials with reduced cost and weight. Prior to the fabrication of the hybrid composite, in most case, the cellulosic fibre needs surface modification for proper bonding. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of sodium bicarbonate treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid and nonhybrid laminate composites of sugar palm and glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene. The findings will be compared with the conventional alkali treatment. The laminate composites were fabricated using the film stacking technique and hot compression process. Prior to the fabrication process, the sugar palm fibre in it which is naturally woven mat was treated with 4 wt% and 10 wt% alkali and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. All the laminate composites were investigated by tensile, flexural, and impact test, water absorption, and morphological examination. The tensile strength increased with both alkaline and sodium bicarbonate treatments for the hybrid and nonhybrid composites. The increase was more pronounced with the alkaline-treated SPF composite (L03) which displayed the highest value of 61.75 MPa, while that of the sodium bicarbonate-treated SPF composite (L04) recorded 58.76 MPa against 53.01 MPa for the untreated SPF composite (L02). The same trend was observed for the flexural strength. In overall, the alkaline treatment yielded better performance in comparison with sodium bicarbonate treatment.

scholarly journals Water Absorption Properties of Kenaf/Glass Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites used in Insulator Rods

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4208-4212
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Glass Fibres ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Glass Fibre Composite

Kenaf fibres have acquired enormous attention in recent years, owing to their economic viability and environmental acceptability. Kenaf (natural) fibres have been started to replace the glass fibre (synthetic) in mechanical, electrical applications and have been utilized in several applications of industrial engineering. The current study deals with water absorption of kenaf/glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composite materials used in high voltage polymeric insulator rods. The kenaf/glass hybrid composites were based on 20%, 30% and 40%(by volume) of kenaf fibers replacement glass fibres with modified 60 vol.% unsaturated polyester resins. The composites were immersedin distilled water at room temperature, and composites resistance to water absorption in terms of the rate of water absorption was determined.A considerable difference in the properties of water absorption of the hybrid composite was found demonstrating that the water absorption effect on the characteristics of insulator rods depends on the arrangement and volume fraction of kenaf fibre of the composite used. Based on the results obtained, a slight effect of water absorption on pure glass fibre composite (control) was observed. The addition of kenaf fibre on glass fibre composite rod increased the water absorption of the composite. It was shown that glass fibres surrounding kena ffibre reduced water absorption. Despite the fact that 40 vol.% of kenaf fibre composite had the highest natural fibre content, it showed the lowest water absorption because of its arrangement on all composite diameters, and also because of being surrounded by glass fibres. All of the materials reached equilibrium and ceased to absorb water after 300 hours

scholarly journals Characterization of Ceramic Waste Filled Unsaturated Polyester Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farsane ◽  
Abdellah Anouar ◽  
Souad Chah ◽  
Miloud Bouzziri
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Resin Formulation

In this study, the composites of ceramic waste filler polyester were produced with ceramic waste as the filler and unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix. Various weight of filler loads (particle size [180 �m) were used; 0, 28.5, 41 and 50 wt% in view to better understand the effect of filler content on the mechanical, thermal properties and water absorption of the composites. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the samples, from the findings, it is noticed an increase in the level of porcelain powder decreased the flexural strength and Hardness and increased the density. The results of water absorption have shown the composites absorbs fewer water. Thermal degradation indicates that the composite is more resistant to temperature than unsaturated polyester matrix due to the effect of porcelain powder incorporated. Moreover, the results reveal an opportunity for using the ceramic waste as filler in unsaturated polyester resin formulation.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behaviour of Hybrid Composites Prepared using Sisal-Pineapple-Kenaf Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3210-3214
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Kenaf Fibre

Variety of application use fibre reinforced composites because of their intrinsic properties in mechanical strength, renewability and low production cost compared to conventional materials. Natural fibres are environmentally friendly their use will not break the budget when used as an alternative to the regular materials. Reinforcement used in polymer is either man-made or natural. Man-made synthetic, metallic, semi-synthetic, polymer fibres have superior specific strength but their high cost of production limits its application and feasibility to make composites. Recently there is a rise in use of natural fibres from various natural resources which are available abundantly. Composites based on natural fibres have their advantages of cost in making the fibres from different vegetables, wood, animals and minerals. In this work a thorough and systematic inquiry regarding better utilization of sisal fibre for making value-added products has been carried out. Various hybrid composite test specimens as per ASTM were prepared with natural fillers such as sisal-pineapple-Kenaf fibres by using hand layup method. The physical and mechanical characteristics of prepared hybrid composite with sisal fibre, pineapple fibre and kenaf fibre are the main objective the research. The various mechanical properties of the hybrid composites like tensile strength, rupture strength, impact strength, shear strength, hardness, and wear strength are studied by standard experiment methods. The experimental results were discussed. The experiments exposed that the use of sisal fibre when compared with similar fibres in a composite increase the most of the physical properties like tensile, rupture, wear properties of the material where as impact strength of the material is lowered. Surface morphology of the sisal fibre after tensile loading is studied microscopically.

scholarly journals Effect of fiber content and their hybridization on bending and torsional strength of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with carbon and sugar palm fibers

Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Z. Nik Baihaqi ◽  
A. Khalina ◽  
N. Mohd Nurazzi ◽  
H. A. Aisyah ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Torsion Test ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

This study aims to investigate the effect of fiber hybridization of sugar palm yarn fiber with carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. In this work, sugar palm yarn composites were reinforced with epoxy at varying fiber loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % using the hand lay-up process. The hybrid composites were fabricated from two types of fabric: sugar palm yarn of 250 tex and carbon fiber as the reinforcements, and epoxy resin as the matrix. The ratios of 85 : 15 and 80 : 20 were selected for the ratio between the matrix and reinforcement in the hybrid composite. The ratios of 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 were selected for the ratio between sugar palm yarn and carbon fiber. The mechanical properties of the composites were characterized according to the flexural test (ASTM D790) and torsion test (ASTM D5279). It was found that the increasing flexural and torsion properties of the non-hybrid composite at fiber loading of 15 wt % were 7.40% and 75.61%, respectively, compared to other fiber loading composites. For hybrid composites, the experimental results reveal that the highest flexural and torsion properties were achieved at the ratio of 85/15 reinforcement and 60/40 for the fiber ratio of hybrid sugar palm yarn/carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The results from this study suggest that the hybrid composite has a better performance regarding both flexural and torsion properties. The different ratio between matrix and reinforcement has a significant effect on the performance of sugar palm composites. It can be concluded that this type of composite can be utilized for beam, construction applications, and automotive components that demand high flexural strength and high torsional forces.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Absorption on Flexural Properties of Kenaf/Glass Fibres Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composites Rod

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-412
Author(s):  
Bassam Hamid Alaseel ◽  
Mohamed Ansari Mohamed Nainar ◽  
Noor Afeefah Nordin ◽  
Zainudin Yahya ◽  
Mohd Nazim Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Kenaf Fibres

This study investigates the effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of kenaf/ glass/unsaturated polyester (UPE) hybrid composite solid round rods used for insulating material applications. Three volume fractions of kenaf/glass fibre 20:80 (KGPE20), 30:70 (KGPE30), and 40:60 (KGPE40) with three different fibre arrangement profiles of kenaf fibres were fabricated by using the pultrusion technique and were aimed at studying the effect of kenaf fibres arrangement profile and its content in hybrid composites. The fibre/ resin volume fraction was maintained constant at 60:40. The dispersion morphologies of tested specimens were observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings were compared with pure glass fibre-reinforced UPE (control) composite. The water absorption results showed a clear indication of how it influenced the flexural strength of the hybrid and non-hybrid composites. The least affected sample was observed in the 30KGPE composite type, wherein the kenaf fibre was concentrated at the centre of a cross-section of the composite rod. The water absorption reduced the flexural strength by 7%, 40%, 24%, and 38% of glass/UPE (control), 20KGPE, 30KGPE, and 40KGPE composites, respectively. In randomly distributed composite types, the water absorption is directly proportional to the volume fraction of kenaf fibre. At the same time, flexural properties were inversely proportional to the volume fraction of kenaf fibres. Although the influence of water absorption on flexural strength is low, the flexural strength of pultruded hybrid composites was more influenced by the arrangement of kenaf fibre in each composite type than its fibre loading.

Numerical simulation of hybrid composite shape-memory alloy wire-embedded structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 1941-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Ryu ◽  
Beom-Seok Jung ◽  
Min-Saeng Kim ◽  
JungPyo Kong ◽  
MaengHyo Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Linear Deformation ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Matrix

The large recovery force and non-linear deformation behaviour resulting from a change in the temperature in shape-memory alloys (SMAs) make them attractive materials for applications in smart materials and structures, as well as actuators. However, SMAs are limited in their application because they cannot support general loads such as bending or compression. SMA wire-embedded composite materials, where materials such as glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs) are combined with SMAs, are proposed to overcome these limitations. However, the increased stiffness of GFRPs limits the deformation that can be achieved. The inclusion of more compliant materials, such as silicon rubber, into the matrix can improve the achievable deformation, and the characteristics of the resulting hybrid composite can be controlled by varying the conformation of the material. In this study, a numerical simulation method was developed to predict the deformation behaviour of SMA wire-embedded hybrid composites. To verify the simulation procedure, several conformations of SMA wire-embedded hybrid composites were fabricated, and their deformation behaviours were compared with the simulation results. The simulation was then used to achieve a favourable trade-off between the stiffness and the achievable deformation of the structure.

Synergistic Effect on Flexural Properties of Kenaf-Glass Hybrid Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqah Afdzaluddin ◽  
Md Abdul Maleque ◽  
Mohammed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Molding Compound ◽  
Sheet Molding Compound ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Matrix

This paper presents the synergistic effect on flexural properties of kenaf-glass (KG) mat reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) hybrid composite which can compounded using sheet molding compound (SMC) process. The matrix is kept constant with 70 % volume fraction while kenaf and glass fibers were varied, such as 7.5/22.5 v/v, 15/15 v/v and 22.5/7.5 v/v. The 30 % kenaf and 30 % glass are also used for the preparation of composite materials. The kenaf mat was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diluted solution for 3 hours. This mercerization process improved the interface by interacting with both the fiber and its matrix. The flexural test was performed using ASTM D790-03 standard. The study showed with the addition of kenaf and glass mat 15/15 v/v, the optimum flexural properties was obtained compared to other composition. This can be concluded that 15/15 v/v KG mat reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite is the most appropriate hybrid composite which can be considered for many engineering structural applications mainly in automotive panel, bottom structure and bumper beam.

Kenaf Bast-Unsaturated Polyester Composite: The Effect of Different Alkaline Treatment Condition on Tensile Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Rozyanty ◽  
M.Y. Nur Firdaus ◽  
Luqman Musa
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Kenaf Bast ◽  
Kenaf Bast Fiber ◽  
Composite Properties

The biocomposites were prepared by using kenaf bast fiber mat as reinforcing materials at different percentage. The kenaf bast fiber was treated with alkaline at different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) percentage. Composites which were made from treated alkaline kenaf treated bast fiber showed better mechanical properties (tensile) than those of the unmodified. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the evidence of the enhancement of the compatibility between kenaf bast fiber and the matrix. The percentage of kenaf fiber in composites also plays a crucial role in determining the composite properties.

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