The Use of Computer Systems in the Design of Hip Replacements

2015 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 328-334
Author(s):  
Piotr Penkała ◽  
Katarzyna Kiryczuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hip Replacements ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Hip replacement is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures. The implant prosthesis is used in the treatment of lesions within the joint or damage caused by mechanical stress. The main factors are disease, that indication for arthroplasty include: rheumatoid arthritis, advanced degenerative changes, fractures proximal epiphysis of the femur and femoral head necrosis. The design elements of hip replacements and analysis of preclinical surgical implant mobilized towards the use of medical imaging techniques. It is this end, the patient qualified for arthroplasty are tested using one of the methods of radiological examination (X-ray), computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The date obtained as a result of medical imaging are stored in the DICOM format ( Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). It is a standard established that create and exchange of medical images obtained as a result of various diagnostic methods. DICOM medical device obtains the information about the structure of data stored in a file or a sequence of files, and how to communicate with any device and program for their transfer. Contains data to interpret and process correctly the files, regardless of the equipment, that generated them. Additionally, it has the calibration information, which allows you to take measurements and calculations using the browser's [1].

Medical Imaging of the Airway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert S Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Mediastinal Mass ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Abnormal Anatomy

Non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, x-ray, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide details about airway anatomy that complement the physical examination. They are of particular value in patients with traumatic injury, malignancy, abscess, foreign body or mass in the airway that displace, distort, disrupt, encroach or compress airway structures in ways that may not be readily apparent otherwise. Many anesthesiologists do not receive formal training in interpreting medical imaging, and a thorough discussion of this subject is beyond the scope of this review. Interpreting the subtleties of normal and abnormal anatomy require years of experience and best left to expert radiologists. The goal here is to introduce the imaging techniques available and examples of clinical applications in airway evaluation of interest to the anesthesiologist. This review contains 12 figures, 2 tables, and 37 references. Keywords: piezoelectric effect, photoelectric interaction, Faraday’s law, pneumothorax, cervical spine injury, LeFort fracture, foreign body, airway infection, mediastinal mass

Biomedical Image Processing Overview

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Mannai Mannai ◽  
Wahiba Ben Abdessalem Karâa
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Image Processing ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Level

Over the years, there are different sorts of medical imaging have been developed. Where the most known are: X-ray, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine imaging (PET, SPECT), ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each one has its different utilities. Various studies in biomedical informatics present a process to analyze images for extracting the hidden information which can be used after that. Image analysis combines several fields that are classified into two categories; the process of low-level, that requires very little information about the content image and the process of high-level, which may need information about the image content. The topic of this chapter is to introduce the different techniques for medical image processing and to present many research studies in this domain. It includes four stages, firstly, we introduce the most important medical imaging modalities and secondly, we outline the main process of biomedical image.

scholarly journals Optimization of the energy for Breast monochromatic absorption X-ray Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Delogu ◽  
Vittorio Di Trapani ◽  
Luca Brombal ◽  
Giovanni Mettivier ◽  
Angelo Taibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Dose Levels

Abstract The limits of mammography have led to an increasing interest on possible alternatives such as the breast Computed Tomography (bCT). The common goal of all X-ray imaging techniques is to achieve the optimal contrast resolution, measured through the Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), while minimizing the radiological risks, quantified by the dose. Both dose and CNR depend on the energy and the intensity of the X-rays employed for the specific imaging technique. Some attempts to determine an optimal energy for bCT have suggested the range 22 keV–34 keV, some others instead suggested the range 50 keV–60 keV depending on the parameters considered in the study. Recent experimental works, based on the use of monochromatic radiation and breast specimens, show that energies around 32 keV give better image quality respect to setups based on higher energies. In this paper we report a systematic study aiming at defining the range of energies that maximizes the CNR at fixed dose in bCT. The study evaluates several compositions and diameters of the breast and includes various reconstruction algorithms as well as different dose levels. The results show that a good compromise between CNR and dose is obtained using energies around 28 keV.

scholarly journals K-edge Subtraction Computed Tomography with a Compact Synchrotron X-ray Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kulpe ◽  
Martin Dierolf ◽  
Benedikt Günther ◽  
Madleen Busse ◽  
Klaus Achterhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Compact Light Source

Abstract In clinical diagnosis, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important imaging techniques. Yet, this method lacks the ability to differentiate similarly absorbing substances like commonly used iodine contrast agent and calcium which is typically seen in calcifications, kidney stones and bones. K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging can help distinguish these materials by subtracting two CT scans recorded at different X-ray energies. So far, this method mostly relies on monochromatic X-rays produced at large synchrotron facilities. Here, we present the first proof-of-principle experiment of a filter-based KES CT method performed at a compact synchrotron X-ray source based on inverse-Compton scattering, the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS). It is shown that iodine contrast agent and calcium can be clearly separated to provide CT volumes only showing one of the two materials. These results demonstrate that KES CT at a compact synchrotron source can become an important tool in pre-clinical research.

scholarly journals Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1484-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Straßer ◽  
Joachim H X Schrauth ◽  
Sofia Dembski ◽  
Daniel Haddad ◽  
Bernd Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Lanthanide Ions ◽  
Multifunctional Nanoparticles ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Chemical Procedure

New multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used as contrast agents (CA) in different imaging techniques, such as photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), open new possibilities for medical imaging, e.g., in the fields of diagnostics or tissue characterization in regenerative medicine. The focus of this study is on the synthesis and characterization of CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs. Fabricated in a wet-chemical procedure, the spherical NPs with a diameter of 5–10 nm show a crystalline structure. Simultaneous doping of the NPs with different lanthanide ions, leading to paramagnetism and fluorescence, makes them suitable for MR and PL imaging. Owing to the Gd3+ ions on the surface, the NPs reduce the MR T 1 relaxation time constant as a function of their concentration. Thus, the NPs can be used as a MRI CA with a mean relaxivity of about r = 0.471 mL·mg−1·s−1. Repeated MRI examinations of four different batches prove the reproducibility of the NP synthesis and determine the long-term stability of the CAs. No cytotoxicity of NP concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mg·mL−1 was observed after exposure to human dermal fibroblasts over 24 h. Overall this study shows, that the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs are suitable for medical imaging.

Cerebellar metastases: diagnostic and management considerations.

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1107-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fadul ◽  
K E Misulis ◽  
R G Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cerebellar Metastases ◽  
Difficulty Walking

Prompted by several unsatisfactory outcomes, we reviewed the records of 59 patients with cerebellar metastases (26 solitary) with respect to clinical presentation, diagnosis, and natural history. Eighty-seven percent of patients initially complained of headache, gait disturbance, and/or dizziness. At time of diagnosis, 92% of patients with solitary cerebellar metastases and 74% of the overall series complained of headache and/or difficulty walking. In three of four cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was superior to x-ray computed tomography (CT) in detecting the cerebellar lesions. Several patients acutely deteriorated during evaluation or at the initiation of radiation therapy. We conclude that a cancer patient presenting with headache and gait difficulty with or without nausea/vomiting and dizziness should promptly undergo head CT scanning, and that MRI is useful even if CT is negative. In addition, we recommend that patients with documented cerebellar metastases receive high-dose glucocorticoid therapy for 48 to 72 hours before beginning radiation therapy. The presence of symptomatic hydrocephalus or failure to respond to glucocorticoids initially are particularly ominous features that may be best managed by early neurosurgical consultation before beginning radiation therapy.

X-ray computed tomography: from medical imaging to dimensional metrology

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 544-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminso Villarraga-Gómez ◽  
Ericka L. Herazo ◽  
Stuart T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Dimensional Metrology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Imaging soil structure to measure soil functions and soil health with X-ray computed micro-tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
Andrey Guber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pore Architecture ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Micro Tomography

The use of non-invasive imaging techniques expands opportunities to characterize soil health and functioning, complementing the information from the traditional soil structure analyses. Soil pore architecture drives water and gas fluxes, chemical transport, activity and movement of soil biota; and imaging techniques are particularly suitable for quantifying it. Here we discuss the potential for X-ray computed micro-tomography (X-ray µCT) as a tool to characterize key parameters of soil pore architecture, such as measures of macroporosity, pore connectivity, pore shape, and solid-to-pore distance. We also provide a brief overview of the principles behind X-ray µCT, examples of the latest literature that implemented these pore measures for soil characterization, and recommendations for the methods that can be used to determine these characteristics using publicly available software ImagJ. We also assembled a list of resources where in-depth information and comprehensive reviews of the current literature can be found.

scholarly journals Radiological Imaging Findings of a Case with Vertebral Osteoid Osteoma Leading to Brachial Neuralgia

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Gokce ◽  
Erdoğan Ayan ◽  
Fatih Çelikyay ◽  
Berat Acu
Keyword(s):  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brachial Neuralgia ◽  
Ct And Mri

Osteoid osteoma is a small, benign osteoblastic tumor consisting of a highly vascularized nidus of connective tissue surrounded by sclerotic bone. Three-quarters of osteoid osteomas are located in the long bones, and only 7-12% in the vertebral column. The classical clinical presentation of spinal osteoid osteoma is that of painful scoliosis. Other clinical features include nerve root irritation and night pain. Osteoid osteoma has characteristic computed tomography (CT) findings. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the osteoid osteomas causing intense perinidal edema can be confusing, these patients should be evaluated with clinical findings and other imaging techniques. In this study, we present X-ray, CT, and MRI findings of a case with osteoid osteoma located in thoracic 1 vertebra left lamina and transverse process junction leading to brachial neuralgia symptoms.

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