Parametric Optimization of Age Hardenable Aluminum Alloys Using TGRA Coupled with PCA

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vijayan ◽  
V. Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Significant Process ◽  
Grey Relational

We investigated multi objective optimization on age hardenable aluminum alloys (AA2024 and AA6061) using Taguchi based grey relational analysis (TGRA). We considered three significant process parameters such as rotational speed, welding speed, and axial force and evaluated the welding responses such as ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation of fabricated weld specimens. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to estimate accurate weighting quality characteristics of each response in TGRA. Optimized process parameters were 1700rpm rotational speed, 60mm/min welding speed and 6kN axial force. Results of this approach will be useful in controlling the process parameters effectively.

Multi-response optimization of friction stir corner welding of dissimilar thickness AA5086 and AA6061 aluminum alloys by Taguchi grey relational analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 3733-3742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manigandan Krishnan ◽  
Senthilkumar Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Plunge Depth ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Tool Rotation ◽  
Dissimilar Thickness

Friction stir welding is a promising solid-state joining process to weld light materials like aluminum alloys. In this paper, an attempt has been made to optimize the friction stir corner welding process parameters using Taguchi grey relational analysis to attain the improved mechanical properties of dissimilar thickness AA5086 and AA6061 dissimilar aluminum alloys with plate thicknesses of 6 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The input parameters of the welding play a crucial role to achieve the desired weld properties. The friction stir welding experiments were conducted according to the L9 orthogonal array. The input process parameters are tool rotation speed (900–1100 r/min), welding speed (100–190 mm/min), and plunge depth (0.1–0.3 mm). The processes parameters were optimized and ranked based on the results of the grey relational analysis. The percentage contribution of each input process parameter on the weld quality was quantified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal process parameters were determined at tool rotation speed of 1100 r/min, welding speed of 150 mm/min, and tool plunge depth of 0.2 mm. The percentage contribution of the welding speed was 40.50% and revealed a significant influence on multiple responses followed by plunge depth 25.84% and rotational speed 18.13%. The microstructures of various regions were observed and analyzed. The fracture mode and fracture surface of the welded sample were observed and discussed.

Process Parameters Optimization of Friction Stir Welding in Aluminium Alloy 6063-T6 by Taguchi Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ganapathy ◽  
K. Lenin ◽  
K. Pannerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Process Parameter ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Friction Stir

This paper deals with the effective application of friction stir welding similar to butt joining technique.AL6063 T-6 alloys prepared in 125x 100 x 7mm thickness plate and FSW tool setup were H13 of diameter 25mm rotary tool with straight cylindrical pin profile. The maximum strength was considered for selection of combined process parameter. The process parameters were optimized using Taguchi method. The Rotational speed, welding speed, and axial speed are the main process parameter which taken into our consideration. The optimum process parameters are determined with reference to tensile strength of the joint. From the experiments, it was found the effects of welding parameter are the axial force is highest substantial parameter to determining the tensile strength of the joint. The paper which revealed the optimal values of process parameter are to acquire a maximum tensile strength of friction stir welded AL6063-T6 plates is 101.6Mpa with the combination level of rotational speed, welding speed and axial force are found to be 1100 RPM, 60 mm/min and 12.5 KN. validation test was carried out and results were nearer to the optimized results confirmed by the optimum results.

Multi-Objective Optimization of EDM Process Parameters using Taguchi Method, Principal Component Analysis and Grey Relational Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Shrinivas Balraj ◽  
A. Gopala Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

This paper investigates multi-objective optimization of electrical discharge machining process parameters using a new combination of Taguchi method and principal component analysis based grey relational analysis. In this study, three conflicting performance characteristics related to surface integrity such as surface roughness, white layer thickness and surface crack density are considered in electrical discharge machining of RENE80 nickel super alloy. The process parameters considered are peak current, pulse on time and pulse off time. The experiments are conducted based on Taguchi method and these experimental results are used in grey relational analysis and weights of the corresponding performance characteristics are determined by principal component analysis. The weighted grey relational grade is used as a performance index to determine optimum process parameters and results of the confirmation experiments indicate that the combined approach is effective in determining optimum process parameters.

Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys—Experimental Investigation and Optimization Using Hybrid Grey Relational Analysis and Principal Component Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-520
Author(s):  
D. Raguraman ◽  
D. Muruganandam ◽  
L. A. Kumaraswamidhas
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

Friction stir welding of dissimilar materials is investigated experimentally in this work and optimization is performed by applying a hybrid Taguchi-Grey relational analysis-Principal component analysis to maximize the tensile strength and hardness of the weld bead. Two dissimilar metals AA6061 and AZ61 is friction stir welded and considered for the experimentation. Experimental matrix is designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiment (DOE). Optimum inputs rotational speed, axial load and transverse speed is obtained by applying the hybrid optimization technique. Statistical analysis of Multi Response Performance Index (MRPI) through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) shows that axial load is the significant parameter that contributes by 75.67% towards MRPI, followed by transverse speed and rotational speed. Confirmation experiment with optimum condition produces a better friction stir welding joint with higher tensile strength and hardness.

Multi-Response Optimization of Dissimilar Al-Ti Alloy FSW Using Taguchi - Grey Relational Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shival Patel ◽  
Kishan Fuse ◽  
Khushboo Gangvekar ◽  
Vishvesh Badheka
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Significant Process ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Grey Relational

This article presents multi-response optimization of friction stir welding of dissimilar Al 6061-Titanium alloy using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used for designing the experiments. Process parameters considered for the experiments were rotational speed, traverse speed and tilt angle. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and % elongation were the responses measured which all are larger-the-better characteristics. Based on grey relational grade, optimum levels of process parameters were identified and further ANOVA analysis was carried out to find most significant process parameter.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization of ELID Grinding Process Using Grey Relational Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 878510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prabhu ◽  
B. K. Vinayagam
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

Carbon nanotube (CNT) mixed grinding wheel has been used in the electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding process to analyze the surface characteristics of AISI D2 Tool steel material. CNT grinding wheel is having an excellent thermal conductivity and good mechanical property which is used to improve the surface finish of the work piece. The multiobjective optimization of grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis has been used to optimize the process parameters of ELID grinding process. Based on the Taguchi design of experiments, an L9 orthogonal array table was chosen for the experiments. The confirmation experiment verifies the proposed that grey-based Taguchi method has the ability to find out the optimal process parameters with multiple quality characteristics of surface roughness and metal removal rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to verify and validate the model. Empirical model for the prediction of output parameters has been developed using regression analysis and the results were compared for with and without using CNT grinding wheel in ELID grinding process.

scholarly journals Hybrid Integration of Taguchi Parametric Design, Grey Relational Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis Optimization for Plastic Gear Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Mizamzul Mehat ◽  
Shahrul Kamaruddin ◽  
Abdul Rahim Othman
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Optimization ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Shrinkage Behaviour ◽  
Grey Relational

The identification of optimal processing parameters is an important practice in the plastic injection moulding industry because of the significant effect of such parameters on plastic part quality and cost. However, the optimization design of injection moulding process parameters can be difficult because more than one quality characteristic is used in the evaluation. This study systematically develops a hybrid optimization method for multiple quality characteristics by integrating the Taguchi parameter design, grey relational analysis, and principal component analysis. A plastic gear is used to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed hybrid optimization method in controlling all influential injection moulding processing parameters during plastic gear manufacturing. To minimize the shrinkage behaviour in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle of moulded gear, the optimal combination of different process parameters is determined. The case study demonstrates that the proposed optimization method can produce plastic-moulded gear with minimum shrinkage behaviour of 1.8%, 1.53%, and 2.42% in tooth thickness, addendum circle, and dedendum circle, respectively; these values are less than the values in the main experiment. Therefore, shrinkage-related defects that lead to severe failure in plastic gears can be effectively minimized while satisfying the demand of the global plastic gear industry.

scholarly journals Effects of process parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA5083 weld bead and optimization by using Taguchi based grey relational analysis and ANOVA of submerged friction stir welding.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmanaraju salavaravu ◽  
◽  
Lingaraju Dumpala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

Friction stir welding (FSW) can be made to improve the mechanical properties in the weld zone. This article aims to obtain the optimum FSW process parameters used for two plates of AA5083 welded joints. The significant factors in the FSW process are tool rotational speed(TRS), tool transverse speed(TTS), and the weld process conditions are Submerged FSW and Normal FSW. For doing the investigation, the Taguchi method L18 orthogonal array design of experimentation is utilized. Using the Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) to calculate the grey relation grade, the response parameters are tensile strength, microhardness, and surface roughness. The Optimum process parameters contain been recognized, and ANOVA controls the significant contribution of process parameters. The optimal FSW process parameters are used to maximize the FSW joint strength. It is identified in the condition of Submerged FSW, high tool rotational speed, and low TTS.

Parametric optimization of friction stir welding process parameters of dissimilar welded joints using grey relational analysis and desirability function approach

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanodaya Kiran Babu Nadikudi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

Purpose The main purpose of the present work is to study the multi response optimization of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis and desirability function approach (DFA). Design/methodology/approach The welded sheets were fabricated as per Taguchi orthogonal array design. The effects of tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle process parameters on ultimate tensile strength and hardness were analyzed using grey relational analysis, and DFA and optimum parameters combination was determined. Findings The tensile strength and hardness values were evaluated from the welded joints. The optimum values of process parameters were estimated through grey relational analysis and DFA methods. Similar kind of optimum levels of process parameters were obtained through two optimization approaches as tool rotational speed of 1150 rpm, transverse speed of 24 mm/min and tool tilt angle of 2° are the best process parameters combination for maximizing both the tensile strength and hardness. Through these studies, it was confirmed that grey relational analysis and DFA methods can be used to find the multi response optimum values of FSW process parameters. Research limitations/implications In the present study, the FSW is performed with L9 orthogonal array design with three process parameters such as tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tilt angle and three levels. Practical implications Aluminium alloys are widely using in automotive and aerospace industries due to holding a high strength to weight property. Originality/value Very limited work had been carried out on multi objective optimization techniques such as grey relational analysis and DFA on friction stir welded joints made with dissimilar aluminium alloys sheets.

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