Development and testing of a light dimming control using arduino uno

Increasing population and human needs have an impact on increasing the need for electrical energy. One of them is for lighting needs. Therefore, it is necessary to save the lighting system so that energy consumption is minimum and the need for lighting is optimal, by controlling light dimming. This paper presents an implementation and testing of a dimming light control using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The circuit used a 12-volt power supply, as a voltage source, to increase to 42 volts, to meet a lamp voltage, through a dc-dc converter. After obtaining the maximum voltage, a MOSFET cut off the voltage according to the desired light or performance level. The duty cycle was directly proportional to the output voltage, using a PWM coding to get the necessary light intensity. Some testing was conducted, including the measurement point shifting to the side. The testing results show that PMW and LDR decreased as the duty cycle increased. Nevertheless, both decreasing are different, the PWM decreased linearly with a gradient of -2.55 and the LDR decreased hyperbolically. While, the illuminance, current, and power rose as the duty cycle increased. The illuminance increased, tent to be saturated, as the power increased. However, the illuminance was reduced as the PWM and LDR increased. The illuminance decreased slightly as the measurement points shifted to the side.

Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system

Visible light communication (VLC) has recently drawn more attention due to the existing light sources having a bandwidth that can deliver data transmission at higher bit rates. To maintain desired brightness levels along with reliable data transmission, VLC requires to control dimming levels. In this paper, a dimming control scheme based on pulse position modulation (PPM) is proposed, which constructs a dimming encoded frame per symbol of input data. The scheme utilizes multiple headers, which is selected depending on the dimming levels and the number of bits in a symbol of input data. The proposed scheme for the VLC system supports various dimming levels. The multi header PPM frame generation for input data K = 4 $K=4$ and dimming values α = 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 is simulated using NI Labview. The proposed dimming scheme has an excellent short-run length property which is well under the maximum flickering time period and is thus capable of flicker mitigation. The slot error performance of the proposed dimming control scheme in a VLC system for varying dimming levels is simulated in Matlab. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has excellent error performance for a low dimming value of α = 0.25. The experimental results are also carried out in the optisystem considering the practical measured parameters of the indoor environment for free space channel and simulating the VLC system for the proposed scheme. The simulation is carried for different data rates over varying link ranges and the experimental results show that the proposed scheme performs best when dimming value α = 0.25 and data rate 2 Gbps.

Implementation of Dimming controlled Visible Light Communication using Raspberry Pi

Visible light communication (VLC) is a technology of wireless optical communication, which combines lighting and communication simultaneously. In indoor VLC system, both data communication and lighting quality plays an important role and must be considered. Thus, to achieve the desired levels of illumination, dimming control in VLC is an efficient technology. In this paper, the authors have designed and implemented a dimming control VLC system employing multi header-hybrid pulse position modulation (MH-HPPM) to achieve dimming functionality. MH-HPPM supports various dimming levels and also doesn’t have flicker problems. In this paper, the authors present the implementation of MH-HPPM based VLC system using Raspberry pi. The prototype is designed using low-cost commodity hardware. Comprehensive experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of MH-HPPM based VLC under dimming levels 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. The results demonstrate that designed prototype supports a communication distance up to 3m for dimming level 0.25 and 3.6m for dimming level 0.5 and 0.75. It is also observed that MH-HPPM based VLC system also achieves and maintains better throughput for different incidence angle.

Assessing the Techno-Economic Effects of Replacing Energy-Inefficient Street Lighting with LED Corn Bulbs

The costs related to the operation of street lighting can be significant expenses for municipalities; therefore, it is very important to take advantage of opportunities for improving energy efficiency. In this paper, the authors studied the effects of the implementation of energy efficiency measures in a street lighting system. Different scenarios, including replacing luminaires, replacing inefficient lamps, and installing a dimming control system, are analysed. The model includes a detailed analysis of the techno-economic characteristics of both LED street luminaires and LED corn bulbs available on the market. The results show that the replacement of low-power, high-intensity discharge lamps with LED corn bulbs is an economically favourable solution that provides desirable economic project parameters with relatively low investments. Moreover, in the case of a relatively low price of electricity for street lighting, it is the preferable solution in most scenarios.

A Single-Stage High Power Factor Power Supply for Providing an LED Street-Light Lamp Featuring Soft-Switching and Bluetooth Wireless Dimming Capability

Light-emitting diode (LED) has the characteristics of environmental protection and energy saving, having become the lighting source of a new generation of street-light lamps. The traditional two-stage power supply for providing an LED street-light lamp is composed of an AC-DC converter with a power-factor-correction (PFC) function at the front stage and a DC-DC converter at the rear stage. The two-stage power supply for an LED street-light lamp has a large number of electronic components and costs, and the circuit efficiency is not high. Therefore, this paper presents a novel single-stage high power factor AC-DC power supply for providing an LED street-light lamp featuring soft-switching and Bluetooth wireless dimming capability through using smart tablets or smartphones to remote control the output power of the LED street-light lamp for achieving energy-saving benefits. The proposed AC-DC LED power supply integrates an interleaved buck converter circuit with coupled inductors and a half-bridge LLC resonant converter circuit into a single-stage power conversion circuit. Moreover, the coupled inductor of the interleaved buck converter circuit is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode, which can naturally achieve PFC. In addition, the two power switches in the novel LED power supply have zero-voltage switching (ZVS) characteristics, which can reduce the switching losses of the power switches. The two output diodes have the characteristics of zero-current switching (ZCS), which can reduce the conduction losses of the power diodes. This paper developed a single-stage prototype circuit for providing an 144 W (36 V/4 A)-rated LED street-light lamp. According to the experimental results of the prototype circuit with an AC input voltage of 110 volts, the presented single-stage LED power supply offers high power factor (PF > 0.99), low input-current total harmonic distortion factor (THD < 3%), and high efficiency (>89%). In addition, this paper used the built-in Bluetooth wireless communication function of a smart tablet or smart phone to fulfill remote dimming control. By changing the duty ratio of the control signal, we could realize remote dimming control of 20% to 100% of the output LED street-light lamp power.