Influence of Grinding Parameters on the Depth and Uniformity of Cylindrical Grinding-Hardened Layer

2010 ◽  
Vol 102-104 ◽  
pp. 733-737
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Jie Zhen Zhuang ◽  
Xi Lin Zhang ◽  
Zhi Long Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Grinding Hardening ◽  
Surface Hardened Layer

On the basis of the cylindrical grinding-hardening test, the influences of the grinding parameters on surface hardened layer were studied. The result shows that when ap≤0.2mm, there is an unhardened area exist in cylindrical grinding hardened workpiece. When ap＞0.2mm, there is a tempered area exist in cylindrical grinding hardened workpiece due to the action of grinding heat during cut-in and cut-out of grinding wheel. When depth of cut increases, or feed speed decreases, the hardened layer depth increases accordingly. In the practical application, the satisfactory quality of the cylindrical grinding hardened layer can be obtained through reasonable combination of ap and vw.

scholarly journals Optimization of parameters in cylindrical and surface grinding for improved surface finish

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 171906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Patel ◽  
Deepam Goyal ◽  
B. S. Pabla
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Wheel Material

Surface integrity has attracted the attention of researchers for improving the functional performance of engineering products. Improvement in surface finish, one of the important parameters in surface integrity, has been attempted by researchers through different processes. Grinding has been widely used for final machining of components requiring smooth surfaces coupled with precise tolerances. Proper selection of grinding wheel material and grade with grinding parameters can result in an improved surface finish and improved surface characteristics. The present work reports the study of the effect of grinding parameters on surface finish of EN8 steel. Experiments were performed on surface grinding and cylindrical grinding for optimization of grinding process parameters for improved surface finish. Grinding wheel speed, depth of cut, table feed, grinding wheel material and table travel speed for surface grinding operation, and work speed for cylindrical grinding operation were taken as the input parameters with four types of grinding wheels (Al 2 O 3 of grades K and L, and white alumina of grades J and K). The surface roughness was taken as an output parameter for experimentation. The grinding wheel material and grade have been observed to be the most significant variables for both cylindrical grinding and surface grinding. Surface roughness in the case of surface grinding is better compared to that of cylindrical grinding, which can be attributed to vibrations produced in the cylindrical grinding attachment. Surface roughness ( R a ) values of 0.757 µm in cylindrical grinding and 0.66 µm in surface grinding have been achieved.

Quality and Control of Grinding-Hardening in Workpieces

2012 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Jin Kui Xiong ◽  
Song Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grinding Hardening ◽  
Table Speed

On the basis of the surface grinding-hardening test, studied on the quality of grinding-hardening in 65Mn steel. The results show that grinding method has insignificant effect on the microstructure and the high hardness value of the completely hardened region at different locations alone the direction of length. The completely hardened region is composed of fine acicular martensites, residual austenites and a little carbides, and the high hardness value is between 760-820HV. As the changing of grinding method, the uniformity and depth of the hardened layer changed accordingly. The quality of grinding-hardening could be improved with big depth of cut, small table speed and combined with the grinding method of up-down grinding or down-up-down grinding which could effectively control the depth and uniformity of the hardened workpieces.

Orthogonal Experimental Study on the Grinding-Hardened Layer’s Depth and its Uniformity of 45 Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 898-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Zhi Long Xu
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Grinding Hardening ◽  
Table Speed

Based on the orthogonal experiment of grinding-hardening machine, this paper studied the influence of depth of cut ap, table speed vw and grinding method gm on the grinding-hardened layer’s depth and its uniformity of 45 steel. The results show that, depth of cut ap is the significant factor affected the average value of grinding-hardened layer’s depth, but the influence of grinding conditions on the uniformity are very limited. In actual application, it should adopt ap=0.6mm, vw=0.4m/min and up-down grinding method to enhance the quality of grinding-hardened layer.

Prediction of the Hardened Layer in Traverse Cylindrical Grinding-Hardening

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai Nguyen ◽  
Liang Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Moving Heat Source ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grinding Hardening ◽  
Good Agreement

A finite element heat transfer model incorporating a moving heat source has been developed to predict the temperature field in traverse cylindrical grinding. The model was then applied to analyse the grinding-hardening of quenchable steel 1045. It was found that in the region where the grinding wheel had an entire contact with the workpiece, material would experience a heating-cooling cycle, enabling the generation of a uniform hardened layer. In the transient regions at the two ends of the workpiece where the wheel-workpiece contacts were partial, the material was not hardened but experienced an annealing process. The results were in good agreement with the experimental observations.

Understanding the Temperature Field in Plunge Cylindrical Grinding for Grinding-Hardening

2010 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai Nguyen ◽  
Liang Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Grinding Hardening

This paper investigates the temperature field in plunge cylindrical grinding with the aid of the finite element analysis. The analysis included the effect of the variation of the depth of cut and that of the repeated heating and cooling caused by workpiece rotation. It was found that the predictions agree well with the experimentally measured results. The analysis showed that the heating in the consequent rotations further raises the temperature in the workpiece. The reheating in the hardened layer can lead to material’s tempering.

Study on Edge Contact Area and Surface Integrity of Workpiece in Point Grinding Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Xiu ◽  
Zhi Jie Geng ◽  
Guang Qi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Edge Contact ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Theoretic Foundations

During cylindrical grinding process, the geometric configuration and size of the edge contact area between the grinding wheel and workpiece have the heavy effects on the workpiece surface integrity. In consideration of the differences between the point grinding and the conventional high speed cylindrical grinding, the geometric and mathematic models of the edge contact area in point grinding were established. Based on the models, the numerical simulation for the edge contact area was performed. By means of the point grinding experiment, the effect mechanism of the edge contact area on the ground surface integrity was investigated. These will offer the applied theoretic foundations for optimizing the point grinding angles, depth of cut, wheel and workpiece speed, geometrical configuration and size of CBN wheel and some other grinding parameters in point grinding process.

Study on the Formation of Grind-Hardening of Steel AISI 1066

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Gui Cheng Wang ◽  
B.L. Wang ◽  
K.M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Grinding Technique

Grind-hardening was done on Steel AISI 1066 with a conventional surface grinder and a corundum grinding wheel, and research was conducted to probe into structures and properties of the hardened layer under varied depth of cut and cooling conditions. Results show that the hardened layer do not change noticeably in their martensitic structures and micro-hardness, which is ranged between 810870HV; But when the depth of cut increased or the dry grinding technique is adopted, the concentration of martensites and carbonides becomes lower, while the amount of residual austenites increases, and the completely hardened zone gets thicker. This conclusion serves as an experimental basis for the active control of properties of the grind-hardened layer of Steel AISI 1066.

Grinding Behavior of Yttrium Partially Stabilized Zirconia Using Diamond Grinding Wheel

2016 ◽  
Vol 1136 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Suya Prem Anand ◽  
N. Arunachalam ◽  
L. Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Prosthetic Material ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Partially Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Diamond Grinding Wheel ◽  
Diamond Grinding ◽  
Grinding Parameters

In recent development of dental restoration, zirconia has been used as a prosthetic material due to their enhanced properties of fracture strength and toughness compared to other ceramic materials. Zirconia based ceramic materials are used in structural application in engineering, such as in the manufacture of cutting tools, gas sensors, refractories. Grinding was used as the efficient technique to finish ceramic materials. Due to the hard and brittle nature of a ceramic material, the grounded components were left with surface and subsurface damages. In this paper, the influence of the grinding parameters on the grindability of yttrium partially stabilized zirconia was carried out using a diamond grinding wheel. The resin bonded grinding wheel was used to analyze the grinding behavior of the material. The grinding force and surface roughness were measured during the grinding process and the experiments were conducted under conventional flooded conditions. The relationship between the surface finish and grinding parameters such as depth of cut, wheel speed were analyzed.

The Monitoring System for Stability of CNC Machining Based on cDAQ and LabVIEW

2014 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Man Meng ◽  
Wen Jun Zhang ◽  
Peng Chong Wang ◽  
Denis Niedenzu ◽  
Ying Zhong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Online Monitoring System ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Stability

In recent years, researching the stability of the CNC machining process is a hotpot in CNC industry. Based on cDAQ and labVIEW, online monitoring system is presented, meanwhile, both software structure and hardware structure are introduced in detail. Researches show that vibration and pressure are the main factors for the quality of the flatness. By studying the relative vibration between the spindle and the platform in the Z axis direction, as well as the shifty pressure that tool works on the flatness of the workpiece, four experiments are designed in this paper under different technological conditions including free moving, Axial Depth of cut, speed and feed speed, which verify the reliability of the online monitoring system.

scholarly journals Surface Layer Properties of Low-Alloy High-Speed Steel after Grinding

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Jan Jaworski ◽  
Tomasz Trzepieciński
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Secondary Austenite ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

AbstractInvestigations of the surface layer characteristics of selected kinds of low-alloy high-speed steel after grinding were carried out. They were carried out on the flat-surface grinder with a 95A24K grinding wheel without cooling. The influence of grinding parameters was defined especially for: the quantity of secondary austenite, surface roughness, microhardness and grinding efficiency with a large range of grinding parameters: grinding depth 0.005–0.035 mm, lengthwise feed 2–6 m/min, without a cross-feed on the whole width of the sample. It was found that improvement of grinding properties of low-alloy high-speed steels is possible by efficient selection of their chemical composition. The value of the grinding efficiency is conditioned by grinding forces, whose value has an impact on the grinding temperature. To ensure high quality of the tool surface layer (i.e. a smaller amount of secondary austenite, lack of wheel burn and micro-cracks) in the case of sharpening of tools made of low-alloy high-speed steel, the grinding temperature should be as low as possible.

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