The Spray Angle Improvement of Single Inlet Pressure Swirl Atomizer Using Partial Structure Modifying

This paper analyzed the velocity field of the section between outlet orifice and the conical swirl chamber with a kind of single inlet pressure atomizer using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. A method of modifying the outlet orifice position referring to the swirl chamber in order to improve the spray angle and its homogeneity is proposed. The result of the experiments shows that it is a feasible method to improve the quality of this kind of atomizer.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Spray Angle and Discharge Coefficient of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.85.2.107114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Zulkifli Abdul Ghaffar ◽

Salmiah Kasolang ◽

Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid

Keyword(s):

Discharge Coefficient ◽

Performance Test ◽

Spray Angle ◽

Inverse Relation ◽

Direct Relation ◽

Test Rig ◽

Gas Cooling ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

A widely distributed spray is an important feature for an atomizer which is required in various applications such as gas cooling, gas turbine combustion, and fluidized bed granulator. Pressure-swirl atomizer is an example of atomizer which provides a wide spray angle through the swirling effect inside the atomizer. One of the important parameters affecting spray angle is atomizer geometrical constant, K. Another important parameter of pressure-swirl atomizer is discharge coefficient, Cd. Discharge coefficient describes the throughput of the liquid flow. An experimental test-rig was constructed to conduct the performance test of the atomizer. Acquired images were analysed using image-processing software. It was found that K has inverse relation with spray angle and direct relation with Cd. Prediction of spray angle and Cd using existing correlations also yields similar trends with the experimental results, but some parameters still need to be considered to perform an accurate prediction.

Download Full-text

Viscous flow through the swirl chamber of a pressure-swirl atomizer

International Journal of Multiphase Flow ◽

10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.02.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 100-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

E. Wimmer ◽

G. Brenn

Keyword(s):

Viscous Flow ◽

Swirl Chamber ◽

Flow Through ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Download Full-text

Numerical Analysis of Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.190 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 798 ◽

pp. 190-194

Author(s):

Mehmet Kahraman ◽

Guven Komurgoz ◽

Ibrahim Ozkol

Keyword(s):

Cone Angle ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Internal Flow ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Spray Cone Angle ◽

Spray Cone ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Atomization quality of liquids has a great importance on the performance of combustion engines. In this study the internal flow phenome of pressure swirl atomizer is investigated by using numerical method. The design of swirl atomizer is performed based on the requested atomizer characteristics which are sauter mean diamer (SMD), spray cone angle and break up length. Prediction and understanding of liquid film dynamics in the atomizer inside are the fundamental ways to explore atomizer performance. The purpose of this study is to estimate the air core size and film thickness in pressure swirl atomizer by setting single phase numeric computations. This article concludes that the CFD validated swirl atomizer design can be achieved with the lower computational cost using stream function methodology.

Download Full-text

A Numerical Study of the Internal Flow in a Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions ◽

10.1115/gt2017-64149 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Weijia Qian ◽

Xin Hui ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Quanhong Xu ◽

Yuzhen Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Flow ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Geometric Parameters ◽

Swirl Chamber ◽

Discharge Parameters ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer ◽

Exit Orifice ◽

Length To Diameter Ratio

The internal flow and discharge parameters of a pressure swirl atomizer (PSA) are numerically investigated using a coupled Level-Set (LS)/Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) solver that combines the advantages of LS and algebraic VOF methods by maintaining the mass conservation and the interface sharpness simultaneously. Internal flow velocity profile and discharge parameters including discharge coefficient, film thickness, and spray cone angle are compared between simulation results and the experimental data that are available in the literature. A parametrical study is also performed to investigate the effects of the key geometric parameters of the PSA configuration on the discharge parameters. The geometric parameters studied are the length to diameter ratio of the swirl chamber, the length to diameter ratio of the exit orifice, the swirl chamber diameter to exit orifice diameter ratio, and the swirl chamber convergence angle.

Download Full-text

Effect of Low Ambient Pressure on Spray Cone Angle of Pressure Swirl Atomizer

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/5539231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zhengyan Guo ◽

Yi Jin ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Kanghong Yao ◽

Yunbiao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Cone Angle ◽

Spray Angle ◽

High Speed Photography ◽

Spray Cone Angle ◽

Spray Cone ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Pressure swirl atomizers are widely used in gas turbine combustor; this paper is aimed at researching the effect of low ambient pressure (0.1 MPa to 0.01 MPa, lower than an atmosphere) on the spray cone angle of pressure swirl atomizer. The spray angle is captured by high-speed photography; then, an image post program is used to process the spray angle magnitude. A mathematical model of a single droplet’s movement and trajectory based on force analysis is proposed to validate the spray angle variation. The maximum variation of the spray cone angle, which is observed when fuel supply pressure drop through the atomizer is 1 MPa as the ambient pressure decreases from 0.1 MPa to 0.01 MPa, is found to be 23.9%. The experimental results show that the spray cone angle is expected to increase with the ambient pressure decrease; meanwhile, mathematical results agree well with this trend.

Download Full-text

Effect of Dimensionless Numbers on Air Core Diameter of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 899 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Zulkifli Abdul Ghaffar ◽

Salmiah Kasolang ◽

Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid ◽

Mohd Syazwan Firdaus Mat Rashid

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Spray Angle ◽

Dimensionless Numbers ◽

Flow Area ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Air Core ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

Air core is an important parameter in pressure swirl atomizer since formation of air core determines the thickness of the discharged liquid sheet and the effective flow area of nozzle discharge. This consequently will affect the coefficient of discharge and the spray angle. This study conducted for the investigation of the relation between dimensionless numbers on the air core diameter. Dimensionless numbers are helpful aid for the quantification of independent parameters involving atomizer design and operating conditions simultaneously. Reynolds number, Re and orifice-to-swirl chamber diameter ratio, N are the dimensionless numbers selected for this study. Despite of the availability of study on the effect of dimensionless numbers on air core diameter, more study requires especially for smaller N. An experimental test-rig was constructed to conduct the performance test of the atomizer. Acquired images were analyzed using image-processing software. It was found that N has more significant effect on the change of air core diameter compared to Re. However, it is observed that at Re = 40000, N = 0.07 produces almost similar air core diameter with N = 0.25 at Re < 20000. In contrast, with N = 0.5, air core diameter produces are larger even at Re < 20000. Hence, it can be concluded that both Re and N are important parameters in characterizing the air core diameter in pressure-swirl atomizer.

Download Full-text

Replication of Pressure Swirl Atomizer by 3D Printing and Influence of Surface Roughness on the Atomization Quality

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032801007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 328 ◽

pp. 01007

Author(s):

Ondřej Cejpek ◽

Milan Malý ◽

Miloslav Bělka ◽

Jan Jedelský

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

3D Printing ◽

High Speed ◽

Cone Angle ◽

Swirl Chamber ◽

3D Printed ◽

Manufacturing Accuracy ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

The replication of atomizers by 3D printing technology is a new approach of producing the pressure swirl atomizers. The surface roughness of 3D printed products and manufacturing accuracy of the 3D printing process influence the atomization of the liquid. The high-speed visualization of a spray, produced by scaled 3D printed atomizer, was performed. The spray stability, cone angle and breakup length were determined. Scaled 3D printed atomizers were tested at equivalent pressures of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 bar. Non-dimensionless parameter, Reynolds number, was preserved for the scaled atomizer. The effect of the surface roughness of the tangential ports, swirl chamber and discharge orifice on atomization was assessed at non-scaled pressure swirl atomizer. The roughness of a swirl chamber was created by corundum and ballotin blasting. The inlet pressures of 2.5, 5 and 10 bar were tested.

Download Full-text

Pressure-Scaling of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer Cone Angles

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2939004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 130 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. R. Guildenbecher ◽

R. R. Rachedi ◽

P. E. Sojka

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Cone Angle ◽

Spray Angle ◽

Subsequent Increase ◽

A Value ◽

Nozzle Pressure ◽

Swirl Atomizer ◽

Pressure Swirl ◽

Pressure Swirl Atomizer

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effects of increased ambient pressure (up to 6.89MPa) and increased nozzle pressure drop (up to 2.8MPa) on the cone angles for sprays produced by pressure-swirl atomizers having varying amounts of initial swirl. This study extends the classical results of DeCorso and Kemeny, (1957, “Effect of Ambient and Fuel Pressure on Nozzle Spray Angle,” ASME Transactions, 79(3), pp. 607–615). Shadow photography was used to measure cone angles at x∕D0=10, 20, 40, and 60. Our lower pressure results for atomizer swirl numbers of 0.50 and 0.25 are consistent with those of DeCorso and Kemeny, who observed a decrease in cone angle with an increase in nozzle pressure drop, ΔP, and ambient density, ρair, until a minimum cone angle was reached when ΔPρair1.6∼100MPa(kg∕m3)1.6 (equivalent to 200psi(lbm∕ft3)1.6). Results for atomizers having higher initial swirl do not match the DeCorso and Kemeny results as well, suggesting that their correlation be used with caution. Another key finding is that an increase in ΔPρair1.6 to a value of 600MPa(kg∕m3)1.6 leads to continued decrease in cone angle, but that a subsequent increase to 2000MPa(kg∕m3)1.6 has little effect on cone angle. Finally, there was little effect of nozzle pressure drop on cone angle, in contrast to findings of previous workers. These effects are hypothesized to be due to gas entrainment.

Download Full-text